ObjectiveBased on a new method for animal model evaluation， this study aims to analyze the characteristics of diseases and syndromes of existing animal models of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder （ADHD） from both traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and western medical perspectives and propose suggestions for improvement. MethodsA systematic search of the China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI） and PubMed was conducted for literature on ADHD animal models. According to TCM and western medical diagnostic criteria， core and accompanying symptoms of the models were assigned with scores to comprehensively evaluate the clinical consistency. ResultsThe selection of experimental animals for ADHD models primarily involved rodents， with modeling methods including genetic， chemical induction， and environmental induction. The average consistency of clinical diseases and syndromes with TCM and western medicine was 45.19% and 49.42%， respectively. The spontaneously hypertensive （SHR） rats and nicotine/smoking models had the highest consistency with TCM， while the social isolation models had the highest consistency with western medicine. Most models were guided by western medicine theories， which can meet the surface validity and structural validity requirements of western medicine but lacked precise differentiation of TCM syndromes. ConclusionExisting ADHD animal models primarily focus on a single genotype or environmental factor， lacking comprehensive consideration of multigenic interactions and environmental factors. Moreover， the selection of model evaluation indicators is relatively singular， primarily focusing on "disease" indicators， while TCM "syndrome" indicators have not been fully considered. It is recommended to introduce a "formula-to-syndrome" approach in the preparation of TCM models for ADHD and establish and improve an evaluation system of animal models combining diseases and syndromes， so as to provide a solid foundation for future experimental research.

ObjectiveBased on a new method for animal model evaluation， this study aims to analyze the characteristics of diseases and syndromes of existing animal models of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder （ADHD） from both traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and western medical perspectives and propose suggestions for improvement. MethodsA systematic search of the China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI） and PubMed was conducted for literature on ADHD animal models. According to TCM and western medical diagnostic criteria， core and accompanying symptoms of the models were assigned with scores to comprehensively evaluate the clinical consistency. ResultsThe selection of experimental animals for ADHD models primarily involved rodents， with modeling methods including genetic， chemical induction， and environmental induction. The average consistency of clinical diseases and syndromes with TCM and western medicine was 45.19% and 49.42%， respectively. The spontaneously hypertensive （SHR） rats and nicotine/smoking models had the highest consistency with TCM， while the social isolation models had the highest consistency with western medicine. Most models were guided by western medicine theories， which can meet the surface validity and structural validity requirements of western medicine but lacked precise differentiation of TCM syndromes. ConclusionExisting ADHD animal models primarily focus on a single genotype or environmental factor， lacking comprehensive consideration of multigenic interactions and environmental factors. Moreover， the selection of model evaluation indicators is relatively singular， primarily focusing on "disease" indicators， while TCM "syndrome" indicators have not been fully considered. It is recommended to introduce a "formula-to-syndrome" approach in the preparation of TCM models for ADHD and establish and improve an evaluation system of animal models combining diseases and syndromes， so as to provide a solid foundation for future experimental research.

Objective:This study aimed to clarify the clinical characteristics of children infected with rhinovirus in the context of the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and to explore the impact of recent COVID-19 infection history on their clinical features.Methods:Clinical data and laboratory test result of 286 children diagnosed with rhinovirus infection at Hangzhou Children′s Hospital from July 2022 to October 2023 were collected. A retrospective survey was conducted to determine whether all study participants had a history of COVID-19 infection within the 6 months prior to hospitalization.Results:Among the 286 children with rhinovirus infection, 180 (62.94%) had simple rhinovirus infection, while 106 (37.06%) had co-infections with other pathogens; Among the 180 rhinovirus simplex-positive children, 56.67% had wheezing symptoms; among them, 15 cases (15/180, 8.33%) were diagnosed with acute asthma attacks; 7 cases (7/180, 3.88%) were diagnosed with severe pneumonia. Based on whether the children had a history of COVID-19 infection in the 6 months prior to hospitalization, they were divided into a group with previous COVID-19 infection and a group without previous COVID-19 infection. There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of gender, age of onset, peak fever, incidence of wheezing, incidence of pneumonia, proportion of severe pneumonia, proportion of severe asthma attacks, duration of fever, time to relief of wheezing, length of stay, white blood cell count, eosinophil count, C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, immunoglobulin E, oxygen therapy requirements, and use of intravenous steroids ( P>0.05). Conclusions:A history of COVID-19 infection in the past 6 months does not exacerbate the clinical symptoms of children with rhinovirus infection, nor does it increase the incidence of wheezing.

Background::Clinical opportunistic screening is a cost-effective cancer screening modality. This study aimed to establish an easy-to-use diagnostic model serving as a risk stratification tool for identification of individuals with malignant gastric lesions for opportunistic screening.Methods::We developed a questionnaire-based diagnostic model using a joint dataset including two clinical cohorts from northern and southern China. The cohorts consisted of 17,360 outpatients who had undergone upper gastrointestinal endoscopic examination in endoscopic clinics. The final model was derived based on unconditional logistic regression, and predictors were selected according to the Akaike information criterion. External validation was carried out with 32,614 participants from a community-based randomized controlled trial.Results::This questionnaire-based diagnostic model for malignant gastric lesions had eight predictors, including advanced age, male gender, family history of gastric cancer, low body mass index, unexplained weight loss, consumption of leftover food, consumption of preserved food, and epigastric pain. This model showed high discriminative power in the development set with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.791 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.750–0.831). External validation of the model in the general population generated an AUC of 0.696 (95% CI: 0.570–0.822). This model showed an ideal ability for enriching prevalent malignant gastric lesions when applied to various scenarios.Conclusion::This easy-to-use questionnaire-based model for diagnosis of prevalent malignant gastric lesions may serve as an effective prescreening tool in clinical opportunistic screening for gastric cancer.

Objective To explore the objective indicators of tongue and pulse manifestations in patients with endometriosis diseases by collecting the data of tongue and pulse manifestations of patients with endometriosis diseases by digital tongue and pulse diagnostic instrument. Methods The endometriosis disease group included 72 patients with endometriosis diseases who were treated in Department of Gynecology (Professor ZHANG Tingting),Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine from Jun. 1,2021 to Sep. 15,2022. The normal group included 35 healthy adult women recruited by the Physical Examination Center of Shuguang Hospital,Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Results In terms of age,there was no significant difference between the endometriotic disease group and normal group (P>0.05). In terms of tongue color,the values of zhiCon,zhiASM,zhiENT,zhiMEAN,zhiClrB,zhiClrI,zhiClrLa,zhiClrCb,and zhiClrLb in the endometriosis disease group were significantly different from those in the normal group (all P<0.05),while there were no significant differences in the values of zhiClrR,zhiClrG,zhiClrS,zhiClrL,zhiClrY,or zhiClrCr between the 2 groups (all P>0.05). In terms of tongue coating color,the values of taiClrR,taiClrB,taiClrI,taiClrS,taiClrLa,taiClrLb,taiClrCr,and taiClrCb in the endometriosis disease group were significantly different from those in the normal group (all P<0.05),while there were no significant differences in the values of taiClrG,taiClrL,or taiClrY (all P>0.05). In terms of texture and thickness of tongue coating,there were no significant differences in the values of perAll,perPart,taiCon,taiASM,taiENT,or taiMEAN between the 2 groups (all P>0.05). In terms of pulse manifestation,the values of h3,h4,h5,t4,h3/h1,and h4/h1 in the endometriosis disease group were significantly different from those in the normal group (all P<0.05),while there were no significant differences in the values of h1,t,t1,or t5 (all P>0.05). Conclusion There are significant differences in tongue and pulse indicators between patients with endometriosis diseases and healthy individuals. It can provide objective indicators for further research on the pathogenesis changes and clinical differentiation of endometriosis diseases.

Objective To investigate the role of macrophages in the process of fine particulate matter (PM2.5)exposure induced damage to pulmonary blood-air barrier.Methods Eighteen male BALB/C mice (aged of 10 weeks,weighing 24～27 g)were randomly divided into control group and low-and high-dose PM2.5 exposure groups (receiving 1 .8 and 16.2 mg/kg,respectively),with 6 mice in each group.The control group received tracheal instillations of normal saline on days 1,4,and 7,whereas the exposure groups were administered corresponding dose of PM2.5 exposure at the same time points.In 24 h after last exposure,pathological changes in the lung tissues were observed,and the contents of total protein (TP ),lactate dehydrogenase (LDH ),and alkaline phosphatase (AKP ) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF ),and F4/80 protein level in lung tissue were measured to evaluate the blood-air barrier damage and macrophage infiltration within the lung tissues.Additionally,an in vitro model of the blood-air barrier was established using A549 alveolar epithelial cells and EA.hy926 vascular endothelial cells.In combination with a THP-1 macrophage model,the supernatant PM2.5 supernatant,macrophage supernatant,and PM2.5-macrophage supernatant were incubated with the barrier model for 24 h,respectively.Transmembrane electrical resistance (TEER),sodium fluorescein permeability of the barrier model,and LDH release from the barrier cells were measured to ascertain the extent of macrophage-mediated enhancement in barrier damage induced by PM2.5 exposure.Furthermore,the expression of inflammatory cytokines,such as TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6,and IL-8 in the macrophages after PM2.5 exposure was analyzed with quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR)and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results PM2.5 exposure induced lung tissue damage in mice in a dose-dependent manner,significantly elevated the contents of TP,LDH and AKP in the BALF and caused marked infiltration of macrophages into the lung tissue,especially the high-dose exposure when compared with the mice from the control group (P<0.01 ).In vitro barrier model exposure experiments showed that in comparison with the treatment of 150 and 300 μg/mL PM2.5 and macrophage supernatant,the same doses of PM2.5-macrophage supernatant resulted in notably decreased TEER and significantly enhanced permeability in the barrier model (P<0.01 ),and markedly increased LDH release from epithelial and endothelial barrier cells (P<0.01 ).Additionally,the exposure of 150 and 300μg/mL PM2.5 led to a significant up-regulation of TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6,and IL-8 in the macrophages (P<0.01 ).Conclusion Macrophages deteriorate PM2.5-induced functional impairment of the pulmonary blood-air barrier.

Objective:To observe the clinical effect of modified orbital septum fat release in the treatment of lower eyelid relaxation with lacrimal groove deformity.Methods:From January 2019 to August 2023, 52 patients with lower eyelid relaxation and lacrimal groove deformity were treated with the procedures of modified orbital septum fat release in the First People′s Hospital of Jiande, including 5 males and 47 females. The orbicularis oculi muscle supporting ligament was sutured and fixed at the periosteum of the lower edge of the orbit to achieve anatomical reduction. Suture fixation of the free edge of the orbital septum was performed at the edge of the supporting ligament in the modified orbital septum fat release method. Following-up for 6-12 months after surgery, the complications and satisfactory rate of patients were evaluated.Results:All the incision healed well with improved skin effect, and the incision scar were almost invisible. 52 patients were followed up from 6 to 12 months; 49 patients were satisfied and 2 patients were basically satisfied with their appearance, 1 patient was not satisfied with the result. No complications such as lower eyelid ectropion, lower eyelid retraction, or eyelid ball separation occurred.Conclusions:Modified orbital septum fat release is an effective method for correction of lower eyelid relaxation with lacrimal groove deformity.

Objective To compare ablation ranges of single and double needle microwave ablation(MWA)of pig lung in vivo.Methods Five healthy Bama miniature pigs were enrolled.Single needle(single needle group)and parallel double needle MWA(double needle group)were performed successively on bilateral lungs,respectively.Adverse event during MWA was evaluated according to common terminology criteria for adverse events(CTCAE).The long diameter(D1CT),short diameter(D2CT),longitudinal diameter(D3CT)and volume(V)of ablation foci were measured and calculated based on CT images immediately after MWA,whereas D1,s D2s and sphericity of ablation foci were also obtained based on specimen and compared between groups.Results D1CT,D2CT,D3CT and V,as well as D1S,D2S and sphericity of ablation foci in single needle group were all significantly smaller than those in double needle group(all P＜0.01).Mild pneumothorax(CTCAE grade 1)was found in 1 pig(1/5,20.00%)in single needle group,while mild pneumothorax and pulmonary hemorrhage(both CTCAE grade 1)occurred in 1 pig(1/5,20.00%)in double needle group.No other adverse event was observed.Conclusion Compared with single needle MWA,double needle MWA of pig lung in vivo resulted larger ablation range and more spherically shaped ablation foci.

Objective:To explore the impact of self-disclosure on demoralization syndrome in patients with permanent enterostomy for colorectal cancer, so as to provide reference for clinical nursing interventions for those patients.Methods:From January to May 2023, convenience sampling was used to select 207 patients with permanent enterostomy for colocrctal cancer of the Wound Ostomy Clinic of Laoshan Campus of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University as the research subjects. A survey was conducted on patients using the General Information Questionnaire, Distress Disclosure Index, Social Support Rating Scale, and the Demoralization Scale Mandarin Version.Results:Among 207 patients with permanent enterostomy for colorectal cancer, the scores of self-disclosure, social support, and demoralization syndrome were 35.00 (26.00, 47.00) , 32.00 (26.00, 39.00) , and 35.00 (23.00, 47.00) , respectively. A total of 128 patients (61.8%) were in moderate demoralization, and 37 patients (17.9%) were in severe demoralization. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that place of residence, self-care of stoma, self-disclosure, and social support were the influencing factors for demoralization syndrome in patients with permanent enterostomy for colorectal cancer ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:Patients with permanent enterostomy for colorectal cancer have a high overall score of demoralization syndrome, and a high proportion of patients with moderate to severe demoralization. Medical and nursing staff should focus on patients in remote rural areas and those with poor self-care abilities to stomas, develop targeted intervention measures to improve patients' negative emotions, enhance their self-disclosure, and pay attention to strengthening social support to relieve their demoralization syndrome, thereby improving their quality of life.

Objective:To comprehensively search, evaluate and summarize the relevant evidence of early ambulation in patients with total knee arthroplasty (TKA), so as to provide evidence-based basis for the nursing practice of early ambulation in patients with TKA.Methods:Clinical decisions, best practice manuals, guidelines, systematic reviews, expert consensus and evidence summaries for early postoperative ambulation of TKA patients were searched by computer on PubMed, Web of Science, BMJ Best Practice, Cochrane Library, UpToDate, OVID, CINAHL, Embase, Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Centre for Evidence-based Health Care, Physiotherapy Evidence Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WanFang Data, VIP, China Biology Medicine disc, Guidelines International Network, National Guideline Clearinghouse, National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, Canadian Medical Association Clinical Practice Guideline, Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network, American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons and American Association of Hip and Knee Surgeons. The retrieval time was from the establishment of the databases to March 31, 2023. Four nursing graduate students trained in evidence-based nursing systems independently evaluated the quality of the included literature and divided the evidence levels according to the JBI Evidence Pre Grading System (2014 edition) .Results:A total of 15 articles were included, including four clinical decision papers, three guidelines, six expert consensus papers, one evidence summary and one systematic review. According to the judgment of professionals, 23 pieces of best evidence were formed from seven aspects, including the director of ambulation, evaluation before ambulation, ambulation planning, ambulation timing, ambulation content, ambulation evaluation and health education.Conclusions:The best evidence of early postoperative ambulation of patients with TKA summarized in this study is scientific and practical, which can provide evidence-based basis for clinical nursing work.