Objective: To explore the relationship between snack consumption and depressive symptoms in first year junior high school students with different left behind experiences in Yunnan Province, so as to provide a basis for improving depressive symptoms among first year junior high school students with different left behind experiences. Methods: From October to December 2022,a cluster random sampling method was used to select 8 500 first year junior high school students from 11 ethnic minority areas (Fugong County, Longling County, Longyang District, Luchun County, Mojiang County, Nanjian County, Qiaojia County, Shuangjiang County, Tengchong City, Yuanmou County, Zhenyuan County) in Yunnan Province for a questionnaire survey. The Chinese version of Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 was applied to assess depressive symptoms in first year junior high school students, and snack consumption was collected by employing food frequency questionnaire. The generalized linear model was used to analyze the association between first year junior high school students snack consumption and depressive symptoms, and the analysis was stratified according to left behind experience. Results: The detection rates of depressive symptoms among firstyear junior high school students with and without left behind experience were 36.25% and 26.91%, respectively. After controlling for confounding variables, the generalized linear model analysis showed that sweet snacks ( β=0.16, 95%CI =0.07-0.25), fast food ( β=0.14, 95%CI =0.04-0.23) and carbonated drinks ( β=0.09, 95%CI =0.01-0.17) of first year junior high school students with left behind experience (all P <0.05). Compared with those without such behavior, the risk of depressive symptoms was higher in consumption of fast food ( β=0.13, 95%CI =0.07-0.18) and carbonated drinks ( β=0.10, 95%CI =0.06-0.15)among first year junior high school students without left behind experience (both P <0.05). Conclusion Snack consumption among first year junior high school students in Yunnan may increase the risk of developing depressive symptoms, while first year junior high school students with left behind experience may have a greater risk of developing depressive symptoms.

Objective To investigate the adverse pregnancy outcomes of fetuses with increased nuchal translucency(NT).Methods A total of 376 pregnant women at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from May 2023 to January 2024 were selected as research subjects,who had a diagnosis of fetal NT ≥ the 95th percentile and complete pregnancy outcomes for singleton pregnancies.The fetuses were divided into simple thickening group(n=320)and thickening with structural abnormalities group(n=56)based on NT ultrasound results.The interventional prenatal diagnosis outcomes and pregnancy outcomes of two groups were compared.Results The rate of chromosomal abnormalities and the incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes were higher in thickening with structural abnormalities group compared to simple thickening group with statistically significant differences(P＜0.05).The overall incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes in NT thickened fetuses was 31.65％,but after excluding chromosomal abnormalities and structural malformations,the good pregnancy outcome rate in NT thickened fetuses was 98.09％.Conclusion NT thickening is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes in fetuses,and the risk of poor fetal outcome is further increased when NT thickening combined with structural abnormalities in early pregnancy,but the pregnancy outcome is better in fetuses with NT thickening after excluding chromosomal abnormalities and structural malformations.

Aim To explore the impact and mechanism of proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin 9(PCSK9)on the progression of abdominal aortic aneurysm(AAA).Methods 6～8 week old ApoE-/-mice were selected to estab-lish the AAA model.Angiotensin Ⅱ(Ang Ⅱ)was continuously infused through subcutaneous implantation of a micro-os-motic pump.The mice were fed with high-fat diet and killed after 28 days.The expression of PCSK9 in abdominal aor-tic smooth muscle cells was detected by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence in normal abdominal aortic blood vessels and AAA samples in human and mice.Primary cultured murine vascular smooth muscle cells(mVSMC)of C57BL/6 mice were treated with different concentrations of AngⅡ for 24 h,and the expression of PCSK9 mRNA and pro-tein was detected.PCSK9 overexpression and knockdown cell models were established,and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species(mtROS),mitochondrial membrane potential(MMP),mitochondrial permeability transition pore(MPTP)open-ing,and Z-DNA binding protein 1(ZBP1)protein expression were detected.Bioinformatics was used to analyze the dif-ferential expression of multiple single-cell sequencing datasets to obtain the key differentially expressed genes,and to study their expression and role in AAA.Results Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence results showed that PCSK9 expression in human and mouse AAA increased(P＜0.01),and co-localized with smooth muscle.Ang Ⅱ promoted PCSK9 expression in mVSMC in a concentration-dependent manner,the 2.0 μmol/L Ang Ⅱ group showed a 2.9-fold and 1.1-fold increase in the expression of PCSK9 mRNA and protein,respectively(P＜0.01),with the most significant effect observed.After successfully constructing PCSK9 overexpression and PCSK9 interference mVSMC models,PCSK9 overex-pression led to an increase in intracellular mtROS,a decrease in MMP,an increase in MPTP opening,and a decrease in cellular activity(P＜0.01);PCSK9 knockdown could reduce Ang Ⅱ induced increase in mtROS,decrease in MMP and MPTP opening;compared with the siNC+Ang Ⅱ group,the siPCSK9+Ang Ⅱ group showed a decrease in mtROS and an in-crease in the fluorescence brightness of MMP and MPTP(P＜0.05).Bioinformatics analysis revealed that ZBP1 was a core differentially expressed gene in AAA.Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence results showed that ZBP1 ex-pression in human and mouse AAA tissues increased,and co-localized with smooth muscle.Western blot results showed that PCSK9 overexpression or treatment with 2.0 μmol/L Ang Ⅱ could increase ZBP1 protein expression(P＜0.01),while PCSK9 knockdown could alleviate the increased ZBP1 expression caused by AngⅡ(P＜0.05).Conclusion PCSK9 may induce mitochondrial damage in smooth muscle cells,activate downstream molecule ZBP1 to cause cell damage,and promote the development of AAA.

Aim To explore the impact and mechanism of proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin 9(PCSK9)on the progression of abdominal aortic aneurysm(AAA).Methods 6～8 week old ApoE-/-mice were selected to estab-lish the AAA model.Angiotensin Ⅱ(Ang Ⅱ)was continuously infused through subcutaneous implantation of a micro-os-motic pump.The mice were fed with high-fat diet and killed after 28 days.The expression of PCSK9 in abdominal aor-tic smooth muscle cells was detected by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence in normal abdominal aortic blood vessels and AAA samples in human and mice.Primary cultured murine vascular smooth muscle cells(mVSMC)of C57BL/6 mice were treated with different concentrations of AngⅡ for 24 h,and the expression of PCSK9 mRNA and pro-tein was detected.PCSK9 overexpression and knockdown cell models were established,and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species(mtROS),mitochondrial membrane potential(MMP),mitochondrial permeability transition pore(MPTP)open-ing,and Z-DNA binding protein 1(ZBP1)protein expression were detected.Bioinformatics was used to analyze the dif-ferential expression of multiple single-cell sequencing datasets to obtain the key differentially expressed genes,and to study their expression and role in AAA.Results Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence results showed that PCSK9 expression in human and mouse AAA increased(P＜0.01),and co-localized with smooth muscle.Ang Ⅱ promoted PCSK9 expression in mVSMC in a concentration-dependent manner,the 2.0 μmol/L Ang Ⅱ group showed a 2.9-fold and 1.1-fold increase in the expression of PCSK9 mRNA and protein,respectively(P＜0.01),with the most significant effect observed.After successfully constructing PCSK9 overexpression and PCSK9 interference mVSMC models,PCSK9 overex-pression led to an increase in intracellular mtROS,a decrease in MMP,an increase in MPTP opening,and a decrease in cellular activity(P＜0.01);PCSK9 knockdown could reduce Ang Ⅱ induced increase in mtROS,decrease in MMP and MPTP opening;compared with the siNC+Ang Ⅱ group,the siPCSK9+Ang Ⅱ group showed a decrease in mtROS and an in-crease in the fluorescence brightness of MMP and MPTP(P＜0.05).Bioinformatics analysis revealed that ZBP1 was a core differentially expressed gene in AAA.Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence results showed that ZBP1 ex-pression in human and mouse AAA tissues increased,and co-localized with smooth muscle.Western blot results showed that PCSK9 overexpression or treatment with 2.0 μmol/L Ang Ⅱ could increase ZBP1 protein expression(P＜0.01),while PCSK9 knockdown could alleviate the increased ZBP1 expression caused by AngⅡ(P＜0.05).Conclusion PCSK9 may induce mitochondrial damage in smooth muscle cells,activate downstream molecule ZBP1 to cause cell damage,and promote the development of AAA.

Objective To investigate the adverse pregnancy outcomes of fetuses with increased nuchal translucency(NT).Methods A total of 376 pregnant women at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from May 2023 to January 2024 were selected as research subjects,who had a diagnosis of fetal NT ≥ the 95th percentile and complete pregnancy outcomes for singleton pregnancies.The fetuses were divided into simple thickening group(n=320)and thickening with structural abnormalities group(n=56)based on NT ultrasound results.The interventional prenatal diagnosis outcomes and pregnancy outcomes of two groups were compared.Results The rate of chromosomal abnormalities and the incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes were higher in thickening with structural abnormalities group compared to simple thickening group with statistically significant differences(P＜0.05).The overall incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes in NT thickened fetuses was 31.65％,but after excluding chromosomal abnormalities and structural malformations,the good pregnancy outcome rate in NT thickened fetuses was 98.09％.Conclusion NT thickening is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes in fetuses,and the risk of poor fetal outcome is further increased when NT thickening combined with structural abnormalities in early pregnancy,but the pregnancy outcome is better in fetuses with NT thickening after excluding chromosomal abnormalities and structural malformations.

Objective To investigate the levels and variations of radon concentration in Wuhan subway and to provide data support for ensuring public radiation safety. Methods The typical sampling method was used to select 18 stations from Wuhan Metro Line 2, Line 3, and Line 7 for the measurement and evaluation of radon in the air. Using RAD7 electronic radon detector and continuous radon measurement method, radon concentrations in station platforms and station halls were investigated. Analysis of variance and t test were used for statistical analysis. Results The concentration of radon in Wuhan subway ranged from 8.8 to 16.2 Bq/m³, with an average of 11.5 Bq/m³, which is far lower than the limit set by Requirements for Radiological Protection for Radon in Public Underground Structure and Using Geothermal Water (WS/T 668-2019). There was no significant difference in radon concentration between station platform and station hall (t = −0.081, P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in radon concentration between different lines (F = 0.338, P > 0.05). On the whole, the radon concentration in summer was lower than that in winter, and there was no significant difference between months (F = 1.280, P > 0.05). Conclusion The radon concentrations in Wuhan subway result in low-dose radiation, and there is no significant health risk of radon exposure.

Objective To investigate the levels and variations of radon concentration in Wuhan subway and to provide data support for ensuring public radiation safety. Methods The typical sampling method was used to select 18 stations from Wuhan Metro Line 2, Line 3, and Line 7 for the measurement and evaluation of radon in the air. Using RAD7 electronic radon detector and continuous radon measurement method, radon concentrations in station platforms and station halls were investigated. Analysis of variance and t test were used for statistical analysis. Results The concentration of radon in Wuhan subway ranged from 8.8 to 16.2 Bq/m³, with an average of 11.5 Bq/m³, which is far lower than the limit set by Requirements for Radiological Protection for Radon in Public Underground Structure and Using Geothermal Water (WS/T 668-2019). There was no significant difference in radon concentration between station platform and station hall (t = −0.081, P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in radon concentration between different lines (F = 0.338, P > 0.05). On the whole, the radon concentration in summer was lower than that in winter, and there was no significant difference between months (F = 1.280, P > 0.05). Conclusion The radon concentrations in Wuhan subway result in low-dose radiation, and there is no significant health risk of radon exposure.

Objective:To explore the correlation between periodontitis (PD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in adults, as well as the potential mechanisms involved.Methods:Data on PD and CKD from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database between 1999 and 2014 were downloaded. Weighted univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to investigate the risk factors associated with PD and CKD, considering demographic and clinical indicators. Using publicly available genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary datasets for CKD and PD as outcome variables, as well as 731 immune cell phenotypes and 91 inflammatory proteins as exposure factors from the OPEN GWAS database, a two-sample Mendelian randomization (TSMR) analysis was performed using the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method.Results:Seven demographic indicators including gender, age, race, education level, marital status, income, and health are related to the incidence of CKD and PD. Among them, the elderly (≥60 years old), poverty (poverty-income ratio <1.3), divorce or widowhood, and male ratio in the comorbidity group of CKD and PD [67.12% (833/1 241), 36.83% (457/1 241), 34.41% (427/1 241), and 57.78% (717/1 241) respectively] were significantly higher than those in the control group [23.71% (4 179/17 623), 29.17% (5 141/17 623), 18.16% (3 200/17 623), and 48.73% (8 587/17 623) respectively] (all P<0.001). Those with high educational level (university and above) and self-rated excellent health accounted for a relatively small proportion in the comorbidity group [14.10% (175/1 241) and 8.22% (102/1 241) respectively]. The prevalence of PD increased among individuals with abnormal renal function indices, including glomerular filtration rate, urine protein/creatinine ratio, serum creatinine, serum uric acid, and blood urea nitrogen. Univariate logistic regression analysis showed a positive correlation between the incidence of PD and CKD ( OR=2.14, 95 %CI: 1.90-2.42, P<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis also indicated that PD and CKD were potential risk factors for each other (PD for CKD: OR=1.22, 95 %CI: 1.07-1.40, P=0.004; CKD for PD: OR=1.19, 95 %CI: 1.04-1.37, P=0.012). Furthermore, after adjusting the model based on demographic indicators, there was still a significant correlation between PD and CKD ( P=0.010). Mechanistically, the results of the TSMR analysis support the existence of a common risk factor mediated by immune cells between CKD and PD, namely the expression of CD64 on multiple innate immune cells mediates the occurrence of CKD and PD. The absolute count of CD64 + monocytes is associated with an increased risk for both CKD ( HR=1.11) and PD ( HR=1.07), while same tendency showed in the absolute count of CD64 + neutrophils for CKD ( HR=1.22) and PD ( HR=1.23). Conclusions:There is a positive correlation between CKD and PD, particularly moderate to severe PD, and the shared pathogenesis involves CD64 + monocytes in the circulatory system. Targeted interventions focusing on CD64 molecules or monocyte subsets may be beneficial.

Objective To study the immunoadjuvant effects of chitosan oligosaccharide(COS),including the immune activation and the triggering of lysosomal escape,and to explore whether COS can be used as an adjuvant for attenuated live bacteria vector vaccines.Methods 1)Mouse macrophages RAW264.7 cells were cultured with COS at 0 mg/mL(the control group)and 0.1-4 mg/mL for 24 h and the effect on cell viability was measured by CCK8 assay.Mouse macrophages RAW264.7 were treated with COS at 0(the control group),1,2,and 4 mg/mL for 24 h.Then,the mRNA expression levels of the cytokines,including IFN-γ,IL-10,TGF-β,and TLR4,were determined by RT-qPCR assay.2)RAW264.7 cells were treated with 1 mL of PBS containing different components,including calcein at 50 μg/mL,COS at 2 mg/mL,and bafilomycin A1,an inhibitor,at 1 μmol/mL,for culturing.The cells were divided into the Calcein group,Calcein+COS group,and Calcein+COS+Bafilomycin A1 group accordingly.Laser scanning confocal microscopy was used to observe the phagocytosis and the intracellular fluorescence distribution of calcein,a fluorescent dye,in RAW264.7 cells in the presence or absence of COS intervention to determine whether COS was able to trigger lysosomal escape.3)LM?E6E7 and LI?E6E7,the attenuated Listeria vector candidate therapeutic vaccines for cervical cancer,were encapsulated with COS at the mass concentrations of 0.5 mg/mL,1 mg/mL,2 mg/mL,4 mg/mL,and 8 mg/mL.Then,the changes in zeta potential were measured to select the concentration of COS that successfully encapsulated the bacteria.Phagocytosis of the vaccine strains by RAW264.7 cells was measured before and after LM?E6E7 and LI?E6E7 were coated with COS at 2 mg/mL.Results 1)CCK8 assays showed that,compared with the findings for the control group,the intervention of RAW264.7 cells with COS at different concentrations for 24 h was not toxic to the cells and promoted cell proliferation,with the difference being statistically significant(P＜0.05).According to the RT-qPCR results,compared with those of the control group,the COS intervention up-regulated the mRNA levels of TLR4 and IFN-γ in RAW264.7 cells,while it inhibited the mRNA expression levels of TGF-β and IL-10,with the most prominent effect being observed in the 4 mg/mL COS group(P＜0.05).2)Laser scanning confocal microscopy revealed that the amount of fluorescent dye released from lysosomes into the cells was greater in the Calcein+COS group than that in the Calcein group.In other words,a greater amount of fluorescent dye was released from lysosomes into the cells under COS intervention.Furthermore,this process could be blocked by bafilomycin A1.3)The zeta potential results showed that COS could successfully encapsulate the surface of bacteria when its mass concentration reached 2 mg/mL.Before and after the vaccine strain was encapsulated by COS,the phagocytosis of LM?E6E7 by RAW264.7 cells was 5.70%and 22.00%,respectively,showing statistically significant differences(P＜0.05);the phagocytosis of LI?E6E7 by RAW264.7 cells was 1.55%and 6.12%,respectively,showing statistically significant differences(P＜0.05).Conclusion COS has the effect of activating the immune response of macrophages and triggering lysosomal escape.The candidates strains of coated live attenuated bacterial vector vaccines can promote the phagocytosis of bacteria by macrophages.Further research is warranted to develop COS into an adjuvant for bacterial vector vaccine.

Coronary heart disease is a physical and mental disease that is often combined with mental disorders such as depression,anxiety,sleep disorders,and stress,affecting the patient's prognosis.This review introduces the common mental disorders of patients with coronary heart disease,the types,characteristics and application status of digital and intelligent intervention technology,and analyzes the challenges of digital and intelligent intervention technology in the development of mental disorders in coronary heart disease,with a view to providing new information technology-driven nursing practice ideas and directions.