Childhood bronchial asthma （hereinafter referred to as asthma） is frequently accompanied by comorbidities such as allergic rhinitis， eczema， allergic enteritis， tic disorders， and obesity. Based on the theory of "syndrome-based disease regulation"， this paper proposes that dampness， heat， and phlegm constitute the common pathological basis of asthma comorbidities in children living in cold regions. Focusing on the remission stage of asthma， this paper proposes that treatment should emphasize dispersing and draining pathogenic factors， diffusing and unblocking sanjiao （三焦）， with clearing heat， draining dampness， and resolving phlegm as the fundamental therapeutic principle. For asthma complicated by allergic rhinitis， Xiebai Wendan Decoction （泻白温胆汤） combined with Cang'erzi Powder （苍耳子散） is recommended. For asthma complicated by eczema， Baiguo Wendan Decoction （白果温胆汤） combined with Yiyi Zhuye Powder （薏苡竹叶散） is applied. For asthma complicated by allergic enteritis， Zhizhu Wendan Decoction （枳术温胆汤） is selected. For asthma complicated by tic disorders， Changyu Wendan Decoction （菖郁温胆汤） is used. And for asthma complicated by obesity， Zexie Wendan Decoction （泽泻温胆汤） is prescribed. This approach aims to achieve the therapeutic goals of "treating different diseases with the same principle" and "regulating both constitution and disease".

Objective To explore the mechanism of Shen Hong capsule in preventing and treating acute mountain sickness based on biological information platform and in vitro experiment. Methods Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology （TCMSP） and Traditional Chinese Medicine Information Database （TCMID） were used to obtain the active components and predicted targets of Shen Hong capsule. Therapeutic Target Database （TTD）, Disease Gene Network （DisGeNET） database and GeneCards database were used to search for the targets of acute mountain sickness related diseases, and the potential therapeutic targets were obtained. The protein-protein interaction （PPI） was analyzed by Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins （STRING）, the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery （DAVID） online platform was used to analyse the Gene Ontology （GO） and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes （KEGG） signal pathway enrichment. The network information was visualized by Cytoscape software, the key targets in PPI network were obtained according to the topology data, and the binding ability of main active components and key therapeutic targets were analyzed by molecular docking. The validation of the main active components was performed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry （LC-MS）. The hypoxia model was created by H9c2 cells, apoptosis was visualized by Hoechst33342 staining, and key target proteins were verified by Western blot. Results 91 active components, 3 main active components and 150 predicted targets were selected from Shen Hong capsule. 515 targets of altitude sickness-related diseases and 37 targets of Shen Hong capsule regulating altitude sickness-related diseases were screened out. 44 related signal pathways, such as HIF-1 signal pathway, PPAR signal pathway, drug metabolism - cytochrome P450, were enriched and analyzed. TNF, IL1B, VEGFA, NOS3, EGFR, ESR1, PPARG, NR3C1, HMOX1 and IFNG were 10 key targets. The molecular docking results showed that the docking conformations between the main active components and the key targets were stable. The three main active components of quercetin, luteolin and kaempferol were identified by LC-MS, and in vitro experiments proved that Shen Hong capsule could relieve acute hypoxia injury by regulating the expression of HIF-1α, PPARG, NOS3, and TNF. Conclusion Shen Hong capsule could regulate the body’s hypoxia response and metabolism through multi-component, multi-target and multi-channel ways, so as to prevent and treat acute mountain sickness. This study provided a direction for further exploring the mechanism of Shen Hong capsule, and also provided a theoretical basis for further development and clinical application.

Objective: To investigate the status of overweight and obesity among primary and middle school students in Yuyao City, Zhejiang Province, so as to provide the basis for formulating weight management strategies for students. Methods: A census was conducted to investigate 72 primary schools and 23 middle schools students in Yuyao City in 2024, and data such as gender and age were collected through questionnaire surveys. Height and weight were measured to calculate the body mass index (BMI). Based on the BMI thresholds for different gender and age groups, overweight and obesity were determined. Results: Totally 75 082 individuals were surveyed, including 40 435 boys and 34 647 girls. Among them, 55 172 were primary school students and 19 910 were middle school students. A total of 8 677 overweight and 7 042 obese individuals were identified, with detection rates of 11.56% and 9.38%, respectively. The detection rates of overweight and obesity in boys were higher than in girls (14.01% vs. 8.69%, 11.58% vs. 6.81%, both P<0.05). The detection rate of obesity among students in rural schools was higher than students in urban schools (10.12% vs. 8.18%, P<0.05). The detection rates of overweight and obesity of students with non-local household registration were higher than students with local household registration (12.04% vs. 10.77%, 10.44% vs. 7.64%, both P<0.05). The detection rate of overweight showed an upward trend with age (P<0.05), while no significant age-related trend was observed for obesity (P>0.05). Conclusions The detection rates of overweight and obesity were notably high among primary and middle school students in Yuyao City. Boys, students in rural schools, students with non-local household registration, and older students are the key population.

Objective To construct a patient decision aid(PtDA)for exercise training in pa-tients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)and explore its impacts on decision-making quality of patients' exercise regimens.Methods The development of the PtDA for exercise training in COPD patients was accomplished through literature analysis,the Delphi method,and user surveys,followed by an intervention study.A total of 59 inpatients with COPD were included as study sub-jects.The control group received routine care along with general exercise training guidance,while the intervention group received routine care combined with shared decision-making for exercise training based on the PtDA.The decision conflict and decision preparedness levels of patients in both groups were compared before the intervention and on the day of discharge.The exercise self-efficacy of pa-tients was measured before intervention,on the day of discharge,and 1 month and 3 months after dis-charge.Results The intervention group had significantly lower scores for decision conflict and signif-icantly higher scores for decision preparedness and exercise self-efficacy compared with the control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion The PtDA for exercise training can improve decision conflict and de-cision preparedness in COPD patients,enhance their exercise self-efficacy levels,and provide references for healthcare professionals in improving exercise adherence.

Microbial communities such as those residing in the human gut are highly diverse and complex, and many with important implications for health and diseases. The effects and functions of these microbial communities are determined not only by their species compositions and diversities but also by the dynamic intra- and inter-cellular states at the transcriptional level. Powerful and scalable technologies capable of acquiring single-microbe-resolution RNA sequencing information in order to achieve a comprehensive understanding of complex microbial communities together with their hosts are therefore utterly needed. Here we report the development and utilization of a droplet-based smRNA-seq (single-microbe RNA sequencing) method capable of identifying large species varieties in human samples, which we name smRandom-seq2. Together with a triple-module computational pipeline designed for the bacteria and bacteriophage sequencing data by smRandom-seq2 in four human gut samples, we established a single-cell level bacterial transcriptional landscape of human gut microbiome, which included 29,742 single microbes and 329 unique species. Distinct adaptive response states among species in Prevotella and Roseburia genera and intrinsic adaptive strategy heterogeneity in Phascolarctobacterium succinatutens were uncovered. Additionally, we identified hundreds of novel host-phage transcriptional activity associations in the human gut microbiome. Our results indicated that smRandom-seq2 is a high-throughput and high-resolution smRNA-seq technique that is highly adaptable to complex microbial communities in real-world situations and promises new perspectives in the understanding of human microbiomes.
Humans ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/genetics* ; Bacteriophages/physiology* ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; Sequence Analysis, RNA/methods* ; Bacteria/virology*

Obesity and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) are linked to numerous chronic conditions, including cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis, chronic kidney disease, and type II diabetes. Previous research identified the natural flavonoid diosmin, derived from Chrysanthemum morifolium, as a regulator of glucose metabolism. However, its effects on lipid metabolism and underlying mechanisms remained unexplored. The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway serves a critical function in glucose and lipid metabolism. The relationship between diosmin and the AMPK pathway has not been previously documented. This investigation examined diosmin's capacity to reduce lipid content through AMPK pathway activation in hepatoblastoma cell line G2 (HepG2) and 3T3-L1 cells. The study revealed that diosmin inhibits lipogenesis, indicating its potential as an anti-obesity agent in obese mice. Moreover, diosmin demonstrated effective MASLD alleviation in vivo. These findings suggest that diosmin may represent a promising therapeutic candidate for treating obesity and MASLD.
Diosmin/administration & dosage* ; Animals ; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases/genetics* ; Humans ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/enzymology* ; Mice ; Obesity/enzymology* ; Hep G2 Cells ; Male ; 3T3-L1 Cells ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Signal Transduction/drug effects* ; Lipid Metabolism/drug effects* ; Chrysanthemum/chemistry* ; Lipogenesis/drug effects*

OBJECTIVE To study the anatomic characteristics of the anterior ethmoidal canal(AEC)based on 0.1 mm ultra-high resolution CT.METHODS Nine cadavers(18 side orbits)fixed in 10%buffered formalin were enrolled and underwent U-HRCT and MSCT.Divided AEC into horizontal,superior oblique,and inferior oblique segments and observed the displaying rate of each section.Subjective evaluation of display situation was performed by two experienced radiologists independently.The diameter of each AEC segment was measured.RESULTS No significant difference was found in the display rate of the horizontal and superior oblique segments between U-HRCT and MSCT groups(P>0.05),the display rate of inferior oblique segment of U-HRCT group was significantly higher than MSCT group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the objective evaluation results between two evaluators and consistency was strong.Subjective scores of each segment of AEC in U-HRCT group were 10.00 points(9.75 points,10.00 points),2.00 points(2.00 points,3.00 points)and 8.00 points(6.00 points,10.00 points),in MSCT group were7.00 points(5.75 points,8.00 points),2.00 points(2.00 points,2.00 points)and 2.00 points(2.00 points,4.00 points).Subjective scores of horizontal and inferior oblique segments of AEC in U-HRCT were higher than MSCT(P<0.05).The anteroposterior diameter of the horizontal section of AEC is(0.92±0.12)mm,the axial diameter is(1.04±0.22)mm.The anteroposterior diameter of the inferior oblique segment is(0.47±0.08)mm,and the transverse diameter is(0.50±0.06)mm.The anteroposterior diameter of the superior oblique segments is(0.66±0.11)mm,and the transverse diameter is(0.72±0.20)mm.CONCLUSION U-HRCT is better to evaluate AEC than MSCT.It could be used to help to study the anatomic characteristics of AEC before surgery to avoid complications.

Objective To investigate the distribution of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndromes in chronic persistent immunoglobulin A nephropathy(IgAN)and to explore the relationship between TCM syndromes and prognosis based on real-world research.Methods From January 2018 to January 2024,a total of 80 patients with chronic persistent IgAN who were admitted to Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University were included.The clinical baseline data and prognosis-related information were collected.The main outcome indicators were defined as renal failure events of glomerular filtration rate(eGFR)decreased by＞50%,serum creatinine doubled or end-stage renal disease(ESRD).The distribution of TCM syndromes in chronic persistent IgAN and the relationship between different deficiency syndromes and prognosis were preliminarily discussed.Results(1)Among the 80 patients with chronic persistent IgAN,the syndrome manifestations with an occurrence frequency of more than 30%in descending order were foamy urine(75.00%),fatigue and lassitude(71.25%),waist ache(61.25%),dry mouth(31.25%),lower extremity edema(31.25%),aversion to cold and cold limbs(30.00%),and insomnia(30.00%).(2)The commonly-seen root-deficiency syndrome in patients with chronic persistent IgAN was qi and yin deficiency syndrome,with a total of 28 cases(35.00%).And other root-deficiency syndromes were spleen and kidney yang deficiency syndrome in 22 cases(27.50%),lung and spleen qi deficiency syndrome in 15 cases(18.75%),and liver and kidney yin deficiency syndrome in 15 cases(18.75%).The commonly-seen complicated syndrome was water-damp syndrome,with a total of 17 cases(21.25%).The other complicated syndromes were damp-heat syndrome in 15 cases(18.75%),blood-stasis syndrome in 9 cases(11.25%),phlegm-damp syndrome in 7 cases(8.75%),turbidity-toxin syndrome in 5 cases(6.25%),liver depression syndrome in 3 cases(3.75%),and cold-damp syndrome in 1 case(1.25%).(3)Among the 80 patients with chronic persistent IgAN,21 cases(26.25%)had renal failure events,and their syndrome types were lung and spleen qi deficiency syndrome in 9 cases(60.00%),qi and yin deficiency syndrome in 3 cases(10.71%),liver and kidney yin deficiency syndrome in 3 cases(20.00%),and spleen and kidney yang deficiency syndrome in 6 cases(27.27%).The incidence of renal failure events in patients with lung and spleen qi deficiency syndrome was significantly higher than that in the other three syndrome types,and the chi-square test showed that the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).(4)Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the cumulative incidence of 2-year and 5-year endpoint events in patients with lung and spleen qi deficiency syndrome was 23.10%and 46.20%,respectively,and the final incidence was 85.00%.The cumulative incidence of 2-year and 5-year endpoint events in patients with other deficiency syndromes was 4.50%and 19.70%,respectively,and the final incidence was 71.60%.The intergroup comparison(tested by Log-rank)showed that the incidence of renal failure events in patients with lung and spleen qi deficiency syndrome was significantly higher than that in patients with other root-deficiency syndromes,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).(5)COX proportional hazard regression analysis showed that lung and spleen qi deficiency syndrome(HR=7.755,95%CI 1.631-36.874,P＜0.05)and anemia(HR=8.205,95%CI 1.007-66.857,P＜0.05)were the independent risk factors for renal failure events in patients with chronic persistent IgAN.Conclusion Qi and yin deficiency syndrome is the most common syndrome in the patients with chronic persistent IgAN,and lung and spleen qi deficiency syndrome and anemia are the independent risk factors for renal failure events in IgAN.

Objective To evaluate the suitability and accessibility of the national Class 1.1 new drug imrecoxib,and provided reference for rational use of drugs in clinical practice.Methods Constructing a suitability and accessibility evaluation system for the national Class 1.1 new drug imrecoxib based on the Delphi method and evaluated through a survey questionnaire.Results After two rounds of expert inquiries,the authority coefficient of the experts was 0.795,the coefficient of variation of the third level indicator of expert opinions was 0.15,and the coordination coefficient was 0.244.Finally,the evaluation index system for the suitability and accessibility of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs was determined.The evaluation index system including 2 primary indicators,8 secondary indicators,and 39 tertiary indicators.173 survey questionnaires were distributed in total.The results indicate that in terms of suitability,imrecoxib has good suitability in both drug use and drug technology characteristics;In terms of accessibility,the price level of imrecoxib is relatively low,and its affordability,accessibility,and patient acceptability are good.Conclusions This study comprehensively evaluated the suitability and accessibility of the national Class 1.1 new drug imrecoxib,provided a reference basis for clinical rational use and regulatory decision-making.

Objective To analyze the influencing factors of health behaviors in stroke patients,and explore the chain mediating effects of self-efficacy and e-health literacy between the perception of stroke recurrence risk and health behaviors in stroke patients,providing a reference for strengthening the health behavior and reducing recurrence risk in stroke patients.Methods 249 stroke patients were selected as the research objects from March to September 2024 in a tertiary hospital in Shanghai,China.Patients were surveyed using General Information Questionnaire,Stroke Recurrence Risk Perception Scale,Stroke Health Behavior Scale(HBS-SP),Chronic Disease Self-Efficacy Scale(CDSES),and the e-health Literacy Scale(e-HEALS).Pearson correlation analysis was used to explore the correlations among various variables,and SPSS 26.0 software macro program Process Model 6 was used to conduct chain mediation model test.Results The scores of Recurrence Risk Perception,HBS-SP,CDSES and e-HEALS of stroke patients were(42.88±6.48)scores,(68.32±14.13)scores,(6.87±1.55)scores and(27.76±6.06)scores,and all the variables were positively correlated(P<0.01).The mediating effect model showed that self-efficacy and e-health literacy played a chain mediating role in the recurrence risk perception and health behavior in stroke patients,with an effect size of 0.488,accounting for 37.22%of the total effect.Conclusions The recurrence risk perception and health behavior of stroke patients are both at a moderate level.In the future,we can establish a mobile management platform to provide comprehensive health management for stroke patients.Further exploration of strategies to enhance stroke patients'self-efficacy and channels for online health education could be pursued to improve their health behaviors.