ObjectiveTo explore the mechanism of action of Wuwei Shenqintang in improving pulmonary fibrosis by using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry （UPLC-Q-TOF-MS） for metabolomic analysis of lung tissue and feces. MethodsA rat model with pulmonary fibrosis was established by intratracheal injection of 5 mg·kg^-1 bleomycin. The successfully modeled rats were randomly divided into a blank group， a model group， a prednisone （3.15 mg·kg^-1） group， and low-dose， medium-dose， and high-dose groups of Wuwei Shenqintang （4.586， 9.172， 18.344 g·kg^-1）. The rats were given intragastric administration once a day for 28 consecutive days. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was used to measure the pathological changes in lung and colon tissue， and Masson staining was used to detect the degree of pulmonary fibrosis. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to detect the expression of interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， IL-6， IL-8， tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， and secretory immunoglobulin A （SIgA） in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and intestinal mucus. Immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） were used to detect the expression of type Ⅰ collagen （Col-Ⅰ）， fibronectin （FN）， and alpha smooth muscle actin （α-SMA） in lung tissue. UPLC-Q-TOF-MS was used to study the changes in the metabolic network of lung tissue and feces in rats with pulmonary fibrosis treated with Wuwei Shenqintang， screen potential biomarkers for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis by Wuwei Shenqintang， and perform pathway enrichment analysis. ResultsCompared with the blank group， the model group showed extensive inflammatory cell infiltration and continuous fibrotic lesions in lung tissue， colonic mucosal damage， and connective tissue hyperplasia. The expression of IL-6， IL-8， IL-1β， TNF-α， and SIgA in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and intestinal mucus was significantly increased （P<0.01）. The expression of Col-Ⅰ， FN， and α-SMA proteins and mRNAs in lung tissue was significantly upregulated （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the groups of Wuwei Shenqintang exhibited significantly reduced inflammatory infiltration and blue collagen deposition in lung tissue， alleviated colonic damage， decreased expression of IL-6， IL-8， IL-1β， TNF-α， and SIgA in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and intestinal mucus （P<0.01）， and reduced average absorbance values and mRNA expression of Col-Ⅰ， FN， and α-SMA in lung tissue （P<0.05， P<0.01）， with the prednisone group and the medium-dose and high-dose groups of Wuwei Shenqintang showing the most significant effects. The metabolomics results for lung tissue showed that compared with the blank group， the model group had 19 significantly different compounds （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Wuwei Shenqintang could normalize 17 of these compounds compared with the model group （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Fecal metabolomics results showed that compared with those in the blank group， there were 42 compounds with significant differences in the model group （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the model control group， Wuwei Shenqintang could normalize 41 of these compounds （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The combined analysis results indicated that Wuwei Shenqintang might inhibit pulmonary fibrosis by regulating the biosynthesis of phenylalanine， tyrosine， and tryptophan as well as the retinol metabolism pathway. ConclusionWuwei Shenqintang can ameliorate pulmonary fibrosis， which may be related to the regulation of the "lung-intestine axis".

Microbial communities such as those residing in the human gut are highly diverse and complex, and many with important implications for health and diseases. The effects and functions of these microbial communities are determined not only by their species compositions and diversities but also by the dynamic intra- and inter-cellular states at the transcriptional level. Powerful and scalable technologies capable of acquiring single-microbe-resolution RNA sequencing information in order to achieve a comprehensive understanding of complex microbial communities together with their hosts are therefore utterly needed. Here we report the development and utilization of a droplet-based smRNA-seq (single-microbe RNA sequencing) method capable of identifying large species varieties in human samples, which we name smRandom-seq2. Together with a triple-module computational pipeline designed for the bacteria and bacteriophage sequencing data by smRandom-seq2 in four human gut samples, we established a single-cell level bacterial transcriptional landscape of human gut microbiome, which included 29,742 single microbes and 329 unique species. Distinct adaptive response states among species in Prevotella and Roseburia genera and intrinsic adaptive strategy heterogeneity in Phascolarctobacterium succinatutens were uncovered. Additionally, we identified hundreds of novel host-phage transcriptional activity associations in the human gut microbiome. Our results indicated that smRandom-seq2 is a high-throughput and high-resolution smRNA-seq technique that is highly adaptable to complex microbial communities in real-world situations and promises new perspectives in the understanding of human microbiomes.
Humans ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/genetics* ; Bacteriophages/physiology* ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; Sequence Analysis, RNA/methods* ; Bacteria/virology*

Objective:To define the concept of proactive health behavior.Methods:Literature related to proactive health behavior was retrieved from China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data, VIP, SinoMed, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Ovid databases, with a retrieval time frame from database inception to March 1, 2025. Walker and Avant's concept analysis method was used to analyze the concept of proactive health behavior.Results:A total of 46 articles related to proactive health behavior were included. Proactive health behavior encompasses five key attributes: self-initiation, long-term persistence, multidimensional integration, future orientation, and overcoming barriers. Antecedents include individual factors, supportive factors, and environmental factors. Outcomes include promoting individual health and improving quality of life, enhancing personal health literacy, reducing disease burden, and fostering a proactive health atmosphere.Conclusions:The concept attributes of proactive health behavior were clarified through concept analysis. Future researchers may develop proactive health behavior assessment tools and construct intervention strategies based on their connotation.

Objective lt aims to identify key issues in the current informatization development of internal control over revenue and expenditure in public hospitals.The findings are intended to serve as a reference for deepening this informatization effort.Methods Following the steps and requirements of content analysis method,it involved a semi-quantitative analysis of policies and expert interviews to establish an analytical framework.Two researchers uti-lized NVivo 15 software to analyze the policy and articles.The analysis results were quantified statistically,and key is-sues were summarized.Results lt developed a content analysis framework comprising 5 primary categories and 17 secondary categories.Based on this framework,326 analytical units extracted from 81 articles were categorized and statistically analyzed.Key problems corresponding to each secondary category were summarized.Conclusion To ad-dress five key issues,it proposes a five-dimensional solution including:building a digital foundation to integrate busi-ness systems;establishing a Master Data Management platform to dismantle data silos;developing flexible ap-proval mechanismsfor medical emergencies;deploying an Al risk control hub for precise payment interception,and implementing zero-trust architecture to enhance e-bill anti-counterfeiting-ultimately forming a business-finance-in-tegrated,data-and-Al-driven,proactively secured internal control system covering budget formulation to fund su-pervision.

Objective To explore the potential targets and pathways of Yanghe Decoction for the treatment of granulomatous lobular mastitis(GLM)using network pharmacology and molecular docking;To experimentally validate its mechanism.Methods Active components and targets of Yanghe Decoction were screened through TCMSP and TCM-ID.GLM targets were retrieved from GeneCards and OMIM databases,the intersection of drug targets and disease targets was taken,and a protein interaction network was constructed.GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis was performed.Molecular docking of main components and key targets was conducted.Totally 60 SD rats were randomly divided into blank group,model group,prednisolone group(0.005 g/kg),and Yanghe Decoction low-,medium-and high-dosage groups(2.5,5.0,10.0 g/kg).Except for the blank group,GLM models were constructed for all other groups,and corresponding drug interventions were given to each treatment group for 14 consecutive days.The body mass and breast mass size of rats were recorded,breast ultrasound images were collected,and the inflammatory index score was scored.The pathological morphology of rat breast tissue was observed through HE staining.ELISA was used to detect the contents of IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α in serum.Western blot was used to detect the protein expressions of IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α,IκBα,TLR4 and p65 in breast tissue.Results Yanghe Decoction was screened for 140 active components,363 targets,and 32 intersecting targets with GLM,mainly involving NF-κB,PI3K-Akt signaling pathway,etc.Molecular docking showed that the main components had good binding activities with key targets.Compared with the blank group,rats in the model group showed obvious redness and swelling of the breasts with a large range of lumps and a significant increase in mammary inflammation index score(P<0.01),and ultrasound could detect a large range of patchy hypoechoic areas,and pathological changes showed a variety of inflammatory cell infiltration in the mammary lobules and the formation of tiny abscesses,and the serum contents of IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α in the model group significantly increased(P<0.01),the protein expressions of IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α,TLR4 and p65 in breast tissue significantly increased(P<0.01),and the protein expression of IκBα significantly decreased(P<0.05).Compared with the model group,the erythema of the breasts of the rats in each treatment group was improved,and the extent of the lumps was reduced,and the reduction in the size of the lumps in the prednisolone group and the Yanghe Decoction high-dosage group was obvious(P<0.05).The inflammatory index score of prednisolone group and Yanghe Decoction groups decreased to different degrees(P<0.01),ultrasound showed a smaller range of hypoechoic area,pathology showed a reduction in the infiltration of inflammatory cells,and a reduction in the formation of granulomas and abscesses,and the prednisolone group and Yanghe Decoction groups significantly down-regulated the contents of IL-1β and TNF-α in serum(P<0.01),and the prednisolone group and Yanghe Decoction middle-and high-dosage groups significantly down-regulated the content of IL-6 in serum(P<0.05,P<0.01),the expression of TLR4 protein in breast tissue was significantly decreased in Yanghe Decoction high-dosage group(P<0.05),the expressions of IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α and p65 proteins in prednisolone group and Yanghe Decoction groups were significantly decreased(P<0.05,P<0.01),and the expression of the protein of IκBα significantly increased(P<0.01).Conclusion Yanghe Decoction can reduce the inflammatory response in GLM rats,and its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of TLR4/NF-κB signalling pathway.

ObjectiveTo explore the mechanism of action of Wuwei Shenqintang in improving pulmonary fibrosis by using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry （UPLC-Q-TOF-MS） for metabolomic analysis of lung tissue and feces. MethodsA rat model with pulmonary fibrosis was established by intratracheal injection of 5 mg·kg^-1 bleomycin. The successfully modeled rats were randomly divided into a blank group， a model group， a prednisone （3.15 mg·kg^-1） group， and low-dose， medium-dose， and high-dose groups of Wuwei Shenqintang （4.586， 9.172， 18.344 g·kg^-1）. The rats were given intragastric administration once a day for 28 consecutive days. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was used to measure the pathological changes in lung and colon tissue， and Masson staining was used to detect the degree of pulmonary fibrosis. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to detect the expression of interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， IL-6， IL-8， tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， and secretory immunoglobulin A （SIgA） in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and intestinal mucus. Immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） were used to detect the expression of type Ⅰ collagen （Col-Ⅰ）， fibronectin （FN）， and alpha smooth muscle actin （α-SMA） in lung tissue. UPLC-Q-TOF-MS was used to study the changes in the metabolic network of lung tissue and feces in rats with pulmonary fibrosis treated with Wuwei Shenqintang， screen potential biomarkers for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis by Wuwei Shenqintang， and perform pathway enrichment analysis. ResultsCompared with the blank group， the model group showed extensive inflammatory cell infiltration and continuous fibrotic lesions in lung tissue， colonic mucosal damage， and connective tissue hyperplasia. The expression of IL-6， IL-8， IL-1β， TNF-α， and SIgA in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and intestinal mucus was significantly increased （P<0.01）. The expression of Col-Ⅰ， FN， and α-SMA proteins and mRNAs in lung tissue was significantly upregulated （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the groups of Wuwei Shenqintang exhibited significantly reduced inflammatory infiltration and blue collagen deposition in lung tissue， alleviated colonic damage， decreased expression of IL-6， IL-8， IL-1β， TNF-α， and SIgA in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and intestinal mucus （P<0.01）， and reduced average absorbance values and mRNA expression of Col-Ⅰ， FN， and α-SMA in lung tissue （P<0.05， P<0.01）， with the prednisone group and the medium-dose and high-dose groups of Wuwei Shenqintang showing the most significant effects. The metabolomics results for lung tissue showed that compared with the blank group， the model group had 19 significantly different compounds （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Wuwei Shenqintang could normalize 17 of these compounds compared with the model group （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Fecal metabolomics results showed that compared with those in the blank group， there were 42 compounds with significant differences in the model group （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the model control group， Wuwei Shenqintang could normalize 41 of these compounds （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The combined analysis results indicated that Wuwei Shenqintang might inhibit pulmonary fibrosis by regulating the biosynthesis of phenylalanine， tyrosine， and tryptophan as well as the retinol metabolism pathway. ConclusionWuwei Shenqintang can ameliorate pulmonary fibrosis， which may be related to the regulation of the "lung-intestine axis".

Objective:To define the concept of proactive health behavior.Methods:Literature related to proactive health behavior was retrieved from China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data, VIP, SinoMed, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Ovid databases, with a retrieval time frame from database inception to March 1, 2025. Walker and Avant's concept analysis method was used to analyze the concept of proactive health behavior.Results:A total of 46 articles related to proactive health behavior were included. Proactive health behavior encompasses five key attributes: self-initiation, long-term persistence, multidimensional integration, future orientation, and overcoming barriers. Antecedents include individual factors, supportive factors, and environmental factors. Outcomes include promoting individual health and improving quality of life, enhancing personal health literacy, reducing disease burden, and fostering a proactive health atmosphere.Conclusions:The concept attributes of proactive health behavior were clarified through concept analysis. Future researchers may develop proactive health behavior assessment tools and construct intervention strategies based on their connotation.

Aim To explore the potential mechanism of metformin on ATP-binding cassette transport A1(ABCA1)expression.Methods J774A.1 macrophages were treated with metformin and cycloheximide,and ABCA1 expression was determined by Western blot.His-tagged ABCA1 and HA-tagged Ub plasmids were co-transferred into HEK293 cells and stimulated with metformin.Co-immunoprecipitation(Co-IP)was used to test the binding ability of ABCA1 and ubiquitin.Candidate E3 ubiquitin-protein ligases(CE3)of ABCA1 were identified through Co-IP-based pro-teomics.The MIB1 plasmid was constructed and transferred into HEK293 cells,and Western blot was used to determine the effect of metformin and MIB1 on ABCA1 expression.Results Metformin increased the expression of ABCA1 in J774A.1 cells(P<0.01),and inhibited ABCA1 degradation(P<0.05).Metformin disrupted the binding of ABCA1 to ubiquitin(P<0.05).The proteins regulated by metformin in ABCA1 expression were primarily enriched in pathways re-lated to cell development,inflammation and immune defense.Metformin may upregulate ABCA1 protein expression via MIB1(P<0.05).Conclusion Metformin inhibits the degradation of ABCA1 by blocking the ubiquitin-proteasome system(UPS),and MIB1 might act as a candidate E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase(CE3)for ABCA1.

Objective To analyze the influencing factors of health behaviors in stroke patients,and explore the chain mediating effects of self-efficacy and e-health literacy between the perception of stroke recurrence risk and health behaviors in stroke patients,providing a reference for strengthening the health behavior and reducing recurrence risk in stroke patients.Methods 249 stroke patients were selected as the research objects from March to September 2024 in a tertiary hospital in Shanghai,China.Patients were surveyed using General Information Questionnaire,Stroke Recurrence Risk Perception Scale,Stroke Health Behavior Scale(HBS-SP),Chronic Disease Self-Efficacy Scale(CDSES),and the e-health Literacy Scale(e-HEALS).Pearson correlation analysis was used to explore the correlations among various variables,and SPSS 26.0 software macro program Process Model 6 was used to conduct chain mediation model test.Results The scores of Recurrence Risk Perception,HBS-SP,CDSES and e-HEALS of stroke patients were(42.88±6.48)scores,(68.32±14.13)scores,(6.87±1.55)scores and(27.76±6.06)scores,and all the variables were positively correlated(P<0.01).The mediating effect model showed that self-efficacy and e-health literacy played a chain mediating role in the recurrence risk perception and health behavior in stroke patients,with an effect size of 0.488,accounting for 37.22%of the total effect.Conclusions The recurrence risk perception and health behavior of stroke patients are both at a moderate level.In the future,we can establish a mobile management platform to provide comprehensive health management for stroke patients.Further exploration of strategies to enhance stroke patients'self-efficacy and channels for online health education could be pursued to improve their health behaviors.

Aim To explore the potential mechanism of metformin on ATP-binding cassette transport A1(ABCA1)expression.Methods J774A.1 macrophages were treated with metformin and cycloheximide,and ABCA1 expression was determined by Western blot.His-tagged ABCA1 and HA-tagged Ub plasmids were co-transferred into HEK293 cells and stimulated with metformin.Co-immunoprecipitation(Co-IP)was used to test the binding ability of ABCA1 and ubiquitin.Candidate E3 ubiquitin-protein ligases(CE3)of ABCA1 were identified through Co-IP-based pro-teomics.The MIB1 plasmid was constructed and transferred into HEK293 cells,and Western blot was used to determine the effect of metformin and MIB1 on ABCA1 expression.Results Metformin increased the expression of ABCA1 in J774A.1 cells(P<0.01),and inhibited ABCA1 degradation(P<0.05).Metformin disrupted the binding of ABCA1 to ubiquitin(P<0.05).The proteins regulated by metformin in ABCA1 expression were primarily enriched in pathways re-lated to cell development,inflammation and immune defense.Metformin may upregulate ABCA1 protein expression via MIB1(P<0.05).Conclusion Metformin inhibits the degradation of ABCA1 by blocking the ubiquitin-proteasome system(UPS),and MIB1 might act as a candidate E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase(CE3)for ABCA1.