OBJECTIVE To investigate the current status and existing problems in pretreatment of digestive endo-scopes in medical institutions of Jiangsu Province so as to optimize the pretreatment procedures.METHODS From Nov.7,2024 to Nov.17 2024,a questionnaire was preliminarily designed based on the current endoscope-related guidelines and standards by the infection control team of digestive endoscopy center of The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School.A cross-sectional survey was conducted for various levels of medi-cal institutions of Jiangsu Province by Wenjuanxing platform.The content of the survey covered basic information of the digestive endoscopy center,implementation status of pretreatment,operation status of pretreatment,quali-ty monitoring and management.RESULTS A total of 122 medical institutions were finally included in the survey,61 of which were tertiary hospitals,35 were secondary hospitals,and 26 were primary hospitals.97.54％of the medical institutions could implement the pretreatment procedures after every endoscopes use,while there was significant difference in the concrete details of pretreatment among the various grades of hospitals.64.75％of the medical institutions used dedicated buttons for pretreatment,however,there was significant difference in the cause for failed change of dedicated buttons among the various grades of medical institutions(x2=14.657,P＜0.001).76.23％of the medical institutions carried out the pretreatment for special sites of the endoscopes(pli-ers' pipelines,auxiliary water rinsing pipelines).Gas and water insufflation were maintained for over 10 seconds(77.87％).The suction duration was judged mainly based on subjective knowledge.The enzyme solution was the major pretreatment solution(94.26％).The changing frequency was dominated by'one use per change'(45.08％).There was significant difference in the time interval between pretreatment and cleaning among the va-rious grades of medical institutions(x2=10.032,P=0.012).57.38％of the medical institutions evaluated the quality of the pretreatment,and visual observation was the major method for quality assessment(53.28％).There was significant difference in the establishment of pretreatment system among the various grades of medical institu-tions(x2=7.033.P=0.030).CONCLUSIONS The pretreatment of the endoscopes is overall performed well in the 122 medical institutions of Jiangsu Province;however,the details of pretreatment procedure,quality monito-ring and management need to be improved.It is suggested that the related departments should accelerate the revi-sion of endoscope pretreatment-related standards so as to standardize professional behavior.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the current status and existing problems in pretreatment of digestive endo-scopes in medical institutions of Jiangsu Province so as to optimize the pretreatment procedures.METHODS From Nov.7,2024 to Nov.17 2024,a questionnaire was preliminarily designed based on the current endoscope-related guidelines and standards by the infection control team of digestive endoscopy center of The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School.A cross-sectional survey was conducted for various levels of medi-cal institutions of Jiangsu Province by Wenjuanxing platform.The content of the survey covered basic information of the digestive endoscopy center,implementation status of pretreatment,operation status of pretreatment,quali-ty monitoring and management.RESULTS A total of 122 medical institutions were finally included in the survey,61 of which were tertiary hospitals,35 were secondary hospitals,and 26 were primary hospitals.97.54％of the medical institutions could implement the pretreatment procedures after every endoscopes use,while there was significant difference in the concrete details of pretreatment among the various grades of hospitals.64.75％of the medical institutions used dedicated buttons for pretreatment,however,there was significant difference in the cause for failed change of dedicated buttons among the various grades of medical institutions(x2=14.657,P＜0.001).76.23％of the medical institutions carried out the pretreatment for special sites of the endoscopes(pli-ers' pipelines,auxiliary water rinsing pipelines).Gas and water insufflation were maintained for over 10 seconds(77.87％).The suction duration was judged mainly based on subjective knowledge.The enzyme solution was the major pretreatment solution(94.26％).The changing frequency was dominated by'one use per change'(45.08％).There was significant difference in the time interval between pretreatment and cleaning among the va-rious grades of medical institutions(x2=10.032,P=0.012).57.38％of the medical institutions evaluated the quality of the pretreatment,and visual observation was the major method for quality assessment(53.28％).There was significant difference in the establishment of pretreatment system among the various grades of medical institu-tions(x2=7.033.P=0.030).CONCLUSIONS The pretreatment of the endoscopes is overall performed well in the 122 medical institutions of Jiangsu Province;however,the details of pretreatment procedure,quality monito-ring and management need to be improved.It is suggested that the related departments should accelerate the revi-sion of endoscope pretreatment-related standards so as to standardize professional behavior.

BACKGROUND:The researchers noted that upon embedding clinical-grade catgut and polyglycolide-co-lactide threads in the normal human"Zusanli"(ST 36)acupoint,the local area displayed temporal and inflammatory stimulatory effects,resulting in thread differentiation.However,the underlying mechanism behind thread involvement remains to be studied. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the expression levels of calcitonin gene-related peptide,5-hydroxytryptamine,leukotriene B4,and bradykinin at point"Zusanli"(ST 36)in rats after embedding catgut and polyglycolide-co-lactide respectively at different time points. METHODS:110 male SD rats were divided into a blank group(10 rats),a catgut embedding group(50 rats),and a polyglycolide-co-lactide embedding group(50 rats)according to the random number table method.In the blank group,no thread was embedded.In catgut embedding group and the polyglycolide-co-lactide embedding group,the thread was embedded in the left side of the ST36 acupoint once.Tissue was collected from the left side of the ST36 acupoint area 8 hours,3,7,14,and 21 days after embedding.The expression levels of calcitonin gene-related peptide and 5-hydroxytryptamine were detected by immunohistochemistry,and the contents of leukotriene B4 and bradykinin were detected by ELISA. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Compared with the blank group,the expression of calcitonin gene-related peptide,5-hydroxytryptamine,bradykinin,and leukotriene B4 was significantly increased in the 8 hours,3,7,14,and 21 days of the catgut embedding group(P<0.05);calcitonin gene-related peptide expression was significantly increased in 8 hours,3,7,and 14 days in the polyglycolide-co-lactide embedding group(P<0.05);the expression of bradykinin was significantly increased in 8 hours,3,and 7 days(P<0.05);the expression of leukotriene B4 was significantly increased at 8 hours,3,7,14,and 21 days(P<0.05).(2)Compared with the polyglycolide-co-lactide embedding group,the expression of calcitonin gene-related peptide was increased at 7,14,21 days after thread embedding(P<0.05),and the expression of 5-hydroxytryptamine was increased at 8 hours,3,7,14 and 21 days after thread embedding(P<0.05);contents of leukotriene B4 and bradykinin in tissues were increased at 8 hours,3,14 and 21 days after embedding(P<0.05)in the catgut embedding group.(3)The results show that calcitonin gene-related peptide,5-hydroxytryptamine,leukotriene B4,and bradykinin in the acupoint region alter after catgut embedding in the ST36 of rats,as well as the alteration of calcitonin gene-related peptide,leukotriene B4,and bradykinin is found in the acupoint region after polyglycolide-co-lactide embedding in rats,which may be one of the mechanisms involved in the local time sensitive stimulus effects caused by embedding threads at acupoints.Moreover,there is a discernible difference between the two thread types.

Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the differential expression of circRNAs in human blood, as a diagnostic marker for pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus( T2DM). Methods Microarray analysis was used to select several differentially expressed circRNAs from three normal patients and three T2DM patients. Enlarge the sample size(normal controls,n=20;subjects with impaired glucose regulation,n=20;and type 2 diabetes mellitus,n=20) to determine a circRNA which the most evident differentially expressed by fluorescence quantitative PCR( Q-PCR). Then they were verified with expanded samples ( normal controls, n= 50; impaired glucose regulations,n=50;type 2 diabetes mellitus, n=50) by Q-PCR. Results A total of 2 953 differentially expressed circRNAs were found in microarray analysis, of which 1 439 were up-regulated and 1 514 were down-regulated. Nine differentially expressed circRNAs were selected from the 1 439 circRNAs that were up-regulated(hsa-circ-103838, hsa-circ-103965, hsa-circ-104227, hsa-circ-002117, hsa-circ-000094, hsa-circ-101226, hsa-circ-101720, hsa-circ-400029, and hsa-circ-100633). The Q-PCR results of the expanded sample( n=60) showed that the difference expression of hsa-circ-000094(Alias:has-circ-0000247) in the nine circRNAs was the most obvious one among the 3 groups, the area under the maximum curve was found by ROC curve analysis, SIGR=0. 802 5[ 95% confidence interval (0.665 5-0.939 5), P=0.001]; ST2DM=0.77[95% confidence interval (0.624-0.916), P=0.003]. In order to verify the clinical diagnostic ability of hsa-circ-000094, the experiment was conducted to further expand the sample ( n=150). The results showed that the expression of hsa-circ-000094 in the three groups was different, the difference and ROC curve analysis were statistically significant, SIGR=0. 673 3 [ 95% confidence interval (0.575 7-0. 771 0), P＜0. 01]; ST2DM=0. 723 1 [ 95% confidence interval ( 0. 632 7-0. 813 4), P＜ 0.01]. Conclusion The higher expression of hsa-circ-000094 in peripheral blood provides a certain diagnostic basis for pre-diabetes as well as type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Distant metastasis is one of the main obstacles to cancer treatment.Overexpression of S1PR1 in malignant tumors enhances cell invasion and migration activity,mediates EMT and induces lymphangiogenesis and angiogenesis via activation of its downstream signaling pathways,eventually results in the occurrence of tumor metastasis.S1PR1 is also closely related to generation of acquired radiotherapy resistance.This article discusses the roles of S1PR1 in tumor metastasis and radiotherapy resistance.