Yin-Yang theory is one of the core components of the foundational theory of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), yet its classification as philosophical or scientific has long been controversial. To move beyond the longstanding either-philosophy-or-science debate surrounding Yin-Yang theory in TCM, this article, for the first time, proposes a three-level framework spanning macro, meso, and micro perspectives. At the macro level, Yin and Yang are a theoretical achievement of ancient Chinese natural philosophy, used to explain universal laws governing how the cosmos operates, which constitutes Yin-Yang theory in philosophy; at the meso level, Huangdi Neijing (《黄帝内经》, Inner Canon of Huangdi) translated Yin-Yang from a cosmological framework into medical discourse, making it a core methodological basis for clinical pattern differentiation and treatment, which constitutes Yin-Yang theory in medicine; at the micro level, Yin-Yang theory in TCM has increasingly converged with modern science, showing scientific features that are testable and reproducible, which constitutes Yin-Yang theory in science. The article further demonstrates that Yin-Yang theory in TCM differs markedly from Yin-Yang as a general philosophical doctrine in core application and practical orientation: in the course of its medical transformation, elements related to life phenomena were selectively incorporated, while, within a medical context, abstract propositions such as cosmological speculation were bracketed and rendered concrete, thereby achieving a practice-oriented transition from philosophy to medicine. Based on this, the present study conducts analyses from four aspects, namely philosophical roots, clinical application, modern scientific interpretation, and implications for life sciences; it substantiates the logical basis for Yin-Yang theory in TCM as the overarching framework for clinical pattern differentiation and treatment, reviews modern research progress from perspectives such as systems science and network regulation, and explores its potential value in advancing a new paradigm of state-based medicine. The study suggests that an accurate understanding of Yin-Yang theory in TCM requires moving beyond the either-philosophy-or-science binary and analyzing specific issues on a case-by-case basis. Across different perspectives, Yin-Yang theory in TCM has philosophical, medical, and scientific attributes. Only by grounding the theory in actual clinical efficacy and engaging with modern science can the innovative development of Yin-Yang theory in TCM be promoted, thereby providing valuable Eastern insights for building a life science system with original Chinese contributions.

Ventricular arrhythmia (VA) is often secondary to acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and other organic heart disease .Many researches have indicated that myocardial cell injury , ventricular remodeling ,abnormalities of neurohumoral regulation and ion channel etc .after AMI can lead to cardiac electrophysiological remodeling and in‐duce VA .In recent years ,researches have found that more and more inflammatory factors are involved in above －mentioned series of pathological changes ,and possess important relationship with occurrence and development of VA.The present article made a review on domestic and foreign related literature .

Objective To describe the CSP genotypic profile in clinical isolates of Aspergillus fumigates from different regions of China,and to investigate if there is a difference in antifungal susceptibility among A.fumigates of different CSP genotypes and from different regions.Methods Totally,112 A.fumigates strains clinically isolated from Fujian,Shanghai,Hebei and Beijing were included in this study,and identified according to macro-and micro-morphological characters,growth temperature and β-tubulin sequence.Classic A.fumigatus strains were typed according to CSP gene sequence.The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of voriconazole,itraconazole and amphotericin B to A.fumigates were determined in accordance with the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) M38-A protocol.Results All the strains were identified as classic A.fumigates,and fall into 11 CSP genotypes.The most common genotypes were t04A (n =32),t03 (n =17) and t01 (n =24) in all the strains,tl0,t04A and t01 in Fujian,t04A and t01 in Shanghai,t01,t03 and t04A in Hebei,t02,t04A,t01and t03 in Beijing.One A.fumigatus strain was identified as a new CSP type t25 in Fujian,which showed no obvious difference in morphology,growth rate or appropriate growth temperature from the other CSP genotypes of A.fumigatus strains.No statistical difference was found in the susceptibility to amphotericin B,itraconazole or fluconazole among different genotypes of A.fumigates,whereas the MICs of itraconazole were significantly lower in A.fumigates isolates from Fujian than in those from the other three regions.Conclusions The CSP genotypic profile of A.fumigates varies in clinical isolates from different regions.No significant difference is observed in the susceptibility to amphotericin B,itraconazole or fluconazole among different CSP genotypes of A.fumigates,but the susceptibility to itraconazole is somewhat different between A.fumigates strains from different regions.