Objective To investigate the impact of sleep modes on the risk for diseases of the body systems.Methods Based on a subset of UK Biobank dataset comprising 87 617 participants,3 sleep dimensions including 6 sleep indicators were obtained through a wrist-worn accelerometer,that is sleep duration and onset,sleep rhythm(relative amplitude and stability),and sleep quality(sleep efficiency and number of awakenings).Latent profile analysis(LPA)was applied to identify and classify distinct sleep modes.Then their longitudinal medical records were the association between different sleep modes and the risk for 467 diseases.Results LPA identified 5 subgroups of unique sleep modes in the participants.Among the 5 subgroups,the subgroup 4 had relatively optimal levels in above sleep indicators.Compared to the subgroup 4,the other 4 subgroups exhibited variations in different sleep dimensions,with at least one indicator demonstrating an unfavorable trend.These subgroups also revealed differences in racial composition,shift work and social deprivation index.Moreover,there were notable differences in the risk of various system diseases among the subgroups(P<0.05).When compared to the subgroup 4,the other 4 subgroups exhibited an elevated risk for certain diseases(comprising a total of 126 diseases),with the diseases of the circulatory system,digestive system and musculoskeletal system most common.Among the 5 subgroups,the subgroup 2(shorter sleep duration and later sleep onset)and the subgroup 5(rhythm disorder)had the highest counts of associated risks,amounting to 85 and 91 types,respectively,but there was certain difference in their systematic composition.Conclusion There are different sleep modes within the participants,and the modes are potentially associated with an increased risk for diseases of body systems.Comprehensive interventions targeting overall sleep modes rather than single sleep indicator may yield obvious health benefits.

Objective This study aimed to investigate the effects of sleep interruption(SI)cycles on emotional behavior in ICR mice,and to establish a mouse model of comorbid anxiety and depression induced by SI.Methods Seventy-two male ICR mice(4～5 weeks old)were divided randomly into a blank group and a model group.Mice in the model group were subjected to SI stress modeling for 1,2,and 3 weeks,respectively.After modeling,emotional behaviors were evaluated using open-field,elevated plus maze,light-dark box,marble-burying,and forced-swimming tests.Serum corticosterone levels were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results Mice in the model group buried significantly more marbles after 1 week of SI stress,compared with the blank group(P＜0.05).After 2 weeks of stress,mice in the model group also showed a significant decrease in the number of crossings in the light-dark box(P＜0.05)and a significant increase in the number of marbles buried(P＜0.01)compared with the control group.After 3 weeks of stress,mice in the model group showed a significant increase in the number of marbles buried(P＜0.05),a significant decrease in the number of crossings in the light-dark box(P＜0.05),and a significant increase in immobility time in the forced-swim test(P＜0.01).Conclusions ICR mice exhibited significant anxiety-related behaviors after 2 weeks of SI modeling and significant anxiety-and depressive-related behavioral changes after 3 weeks.Three weeks of SI stress can be used to establish a model of comorbid anxiety and depression.

Objective This study aimed to investigate the effects of sleep interruption(SI)cycles on emotional behavior in ICR mice,and to establish a mouse model of comorbid anxiety and depression induced by SI.Methods Seventy-two male ICR mice(4～5 weeks old)were divided randomly into a blank group and a model group.Mice in the model group were subjected to SI stress modeling for 1,2,and 3 weeks,respectively.After modeling,emotional behaviors were evaluated using open-field,elevated plus maze,light-dark box,marble-burying,and forced-swimming tests.Serum corticosterone levels were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results Mice in the model group buried significantly more marbles after 1 week of SI stress,compared with the blank group(P＜0.05).After 2 weeks of stress,mice in the model group also showed a significant decrease in the number of crossings in the light-dark box(P＜0.05)and a significant increase in the number of marbles buried(P＜0.01)compared with the control group.After 3 weeks of stress,mice in the model group showed a significant increase in the number of marbles buried(P＜0.05),a significant decrease in the number of crossings in the light-dark box(P＜0.05),and a significant increase in immobility time in the forced-swim test(P＜0.01).Conclusions ICR mice exhibited significant anxiety-related behaviors after 2 weeks of SI modeling and significant anxiety-and depressive-related behavioral changes after 3 weeks.Three weeks of SI stress can be used to establish a model of comorbid anxiety and depression.

Objective To investigate the influence of different cell structures on the static and dynamic mechanical performance of porous titanium alloy scaffolds,and to provide a theoretical mechanical basis for the application of scaffolds in the repair of mandibular bone defects.Methods Porous titanium alloy scaffolds with diamond,cubic,and cross-sectional cubic cell structures were manufactured using three-dimensional printing technology.Uniaxial compression tests and ratcheting fatigue with compression load tests were conducted to analyze the static and dynamic mechanical performances of scaffolds with different cell structures.Results The elastic moduli of the diamond cell,cross-sectional cubic cell,and cubic cell scaffolds were 1.17,0.566,and 0.322 GPa,respectively,and the yield strengths were 71.8,65.1,and 31.8 MPa,respectively.After reaching the stable stage,the ratcheting strains of the cross-sectional cubic,diamond,and cubic cell scaffolds were 3.3%,4.0%,and 4.5%,respectively.The ratcheting strain increased with increasing average stress,stress amplitude,and peak holding time,and decreased with increasing loading rate.Conclusions The evaluation results of the static mechanical performance showed that the diamond cell scaffold was the best,followed by the cross-sectional cubic cell scaffold and the cubic cell scaffold.The evaluation results of the dynamic mechanical performance showed that the cross-sectional cubic cell scaffold performed the best,followed by the diamond cell scaffold,whereas the cubic cell scaffold performed the worst.The fatigue performance of the scaffold is affected by the loading conditions.These results provide new insights for scaffold construction for the repair of mandibular bone defects and provide an experimental basis for further clinical applications of this scaffold technology.

Background: Sleep disorders are one of the earliest non-motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Sleep disorders could, therefore, have value for recognition and diagnosis in PD. However, no unified classification and diagnostic criteria exist to evaluate sleep disorders by polysomnography (PSG). Utilizing PSG to monitor sleep processes of patients with PD and analyze sleep disorder characteristics and their relationship with demographic parameters could aid in bridging this gap. This preliminary study aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristic of sleep disorders in PD using PSG. Methods: PSG was used to evaluate sleep disorders in 27 patients with PD and 20 healthy volunteers between August 2015 and July 2018 in Fujian Medical University Union Hospital. Total sleep time (TST), sleep efficiency (SE), total wake time, and other parameters were compared between the two groups. Finally, the correlation between sleep disorders and age, disease duration, Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale-III scores, Hoehn-Yahr stage, and levodopa dose were analyzed. The main statistical methods included Chi-square test, two independent samples t test, Fisher exact test, and Pearson correlation. Results: Sleep fragmentation in the PD group was significantly increased (74.1%) while difficulty falling asleep and early awakening were not, as compared to healthy controls. No significant differences were found in time in bed, sleep latency (SL), non-rapid eye movement (NREM) stage 1 (N1), N1%, N2, N2%, N3%, and NREM% between PD and control groups; but TST (327.96 ± 105.26 min vs. 414.67 ± 78.31 min, P = 0.003), SE (63.26% ± 14.83% vs. 76.8% ± 11.57%, P = 0.001), R N3 (20.00 [39.00] min vs. 61.50 [48.87] min, P = 0.001), NREM (262.59 ± 91.20 min vs. 337.17 ± 63.47 min, P = 0.003), rapid-eyemovement (REM) (32.50 [33.00] min vs. 85.25 [32.12] min, P < 0.001), REM% (9.56 ± 6.01 vs. 15.50 ± 4.81, P = 0.001), REM sleep latency (157.89 ± 99.04 min vs. 103.47 ± 71.70 min, P = 0.034) were significantly reduced in PD group. Conclusion This preliminary study supported that sleep fragmentation was an important clinical characteristic of sleep disorders in PD. Whether sleep fragmentation is a potential quantifiable marker in PD needs to be further investigated in the future study.

Surgical resection is still the mainstay for treatment of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC).Gemcitabine and cisplatin is a systemic therapy practice standard for patients with non-resectable ICC.Neoadjuvant therapy with liver transplantation may be a new therapeutic option for patients with ICC.In addition, radiotherapy, hepatic intra-arterial therapy, ablation therapy and molecular targeted therapy are important components of comprehensive therapy for ICC.

Objective To evaluate surgical safety and effectiveness of laparoscopic hepatectomy ( LH) and traditional open hepatectomy ( OH) in the treatment of primary hepatocarcinoma during perioperative period by meta-analysis.Methods The Pubmed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and Medline database were retrieved for randomized controlled studies and retrospective controlled studies on the comparison of laparoscopic hepatectomy and traditional open hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma published from the incep-tion to April 2016, and extended information retrieval was performed in accordance with the retrieved documents.Meta-analysis was performed by using Cochrane Review Manager Software (Version 5.3).Indicators for analysis included surgical blood loss, surgical time, postoperative complications, perioperative mortality, as well as length of hospital stay.Results A total of 10 studies conforming to the required standards were included in the study, involving a total of 1113 patients.Meta-analysis indicated that no significant differences could be seen in perioperative mortality, when comparisons were made between LH and OH ( OR=0.67, 95%CI=0.28~1.62, P=0.38).However, as compared with OH, LH had a significant advantage in surgical time (MD=-16.65, 95% CI=-26.59~-6.71, P=0.001), surgical blood loss (MD=-171.83, 95%CI=-305.50~-38.16, P=0.01), total postopera-tive complications (OR=0.47, 95%CI=0.34~0.65, P<0.05), and length of hospital stay (MD=-3.80, 95% CI=-5.63~-1.97, P<0.05).Conclusion Meta-analysis revealed that LH was equivalent to OH in surgical safety in the treatment of primary hep-atocarcinoma, however, it was superior to OH in surgical time, surgical blood loss, perioperative mortality and length of hospital stay.

Objective To investigate the risk factors for postoperative liver failure of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and bile duct tumor thrombus through a risk evaluation model.Methods The clinical data of 107 patients with HCC and bile duct tumor thrombus who received hepatic resection at the Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital from March 2002 to February 2011 were retrospectively analyzed.All patients were divided into the non-liver failure group (98 patients) and liver failure group (9 patients).Risk factors associated with liver failure were analyzed and a risk evaluation model was established.All data were analyzed using the bivariate regression model,and factors with significance were further analyzed using the multivariate regression model.Results Of the 107 patients,105 received hepatic resection + choledochotomy + thrombectomy and 2 received hepatic resection + extrahepatic bile duct resection + cholangiojejunostomy.The operation time was 2.0-5.5 hours,and the intraoperative blood loss was 200-3500 ml.In the non-liver failure group,5 patients had pleural and peritoneal effusion,3 had biliary bleeding,2 had incisional infection,1 had biliary infection,1 had bile leakage,1 had stress-induced ulcer of upper digestive tract and 1 had thoracic epidural hematoma.The bleeding of the patients with thoracic epidural hematoma was stopped after thoracic spinal decompression,but subsequent paraplegia occurred.In the liver failure group,2 patients died of postoperative acute liver failure,and 7 patients died of postoperative subacute liver failure (death caused by tumor recurrence or medicine was excluded).The results of univariate analysis showed that preoperative total bilirubin,albumin,pre-albumin,albumin/globulin ratio,distribution of tumor thrombus,operative blood loss and ratio of postoperative residual liver volume to the total liver volume were correlated with the postoperative liver failure in patients with HCC and bile duct tumor thrombus (OR =3.017,0.191,0.248,2.681,9.048,4.759,13.714,P ＜ 0.05).The results of multivariate analysis showed that preoperative total bilirubin ＞ 256.5 μmol/L,albumin/globulin ratio ≤ 1.3 and postoperative residual liver volume ＜ 50％ were the independent risk factors of postoperative liver failure (OR =5.537,11.107,172.450,P ＜ 0.05).The risk evaluation model was Z =1.77 × preoperative total bilirubin + 2.408 × preoperative albumin/globulin ratio + 5.150 × ratio of postoperative residual liver volume to the total liver volume-17.288.The risk of postoperative liver failure increased as the increase of Z value.The risk of postoperative liver failure ＞ 50％ when the Z value ＞ 0.Conclusions Preoperative total bilirubin ＞ 256.5μmol/L,albumin/globulin ratio ≤ 1.3 and postoperative residual liver volume ＜ 50％ were the independent risk factors of postoperative liver failure.Risk evaluation model is helpful in screening the risk factors so as to decrease the incidence of postoperative liver failure.

Objective To compare the safety and damage to liver function of 3 methods of hepatic infusive vascular occlusion in hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods Retrospectively, the clinical data of patients undergoing curative liver resection with pan- (n=30) and hemi(n= 30) vascular occlusion or hemi-hepatic artery reservation (n= 30) method were analyzed. Results All patients in the 3 groups had similar surgical duration and blood loss. Two and one patients from group 2 suffered from portal vein impairment and hemorrhea, respectively. Patients from group 1 had higher serum alanine aminotransferase and total bilirubin on days 1 and 7 after surgery. Conclusion Hepatectomy with hemi-hepatic artery reservation, which was not closely related to hepatic hilum, is safe and convenient for the resection of tumor involving hemi-liver and is especially suitable for the patients with severe liver cirrhosis.

Objective To analyze the characteristics and prognostic factors of gallbladder carcinoma and investigate the measures of various modus operandi. Methods The clinicopathological data of 181 patients with advanced gallbladder carcinoma treated in our hospital from June 2002 to June 2008 were retrospectively analyzed. SPSS16. 0 software package was used for statistical analysis.Results The overall median survival rate of the 181 patients with gallbladder carcinoma was 6 months. The median survival rate after radical resection for gallbladder carcinoma was 19.5 months,which was remarkably higher than other R1 resection, R2 resection and palliative operation groups (P ＜0. 01) The RO resection rates were 95.5%, 62. 2%, 14.1% and 4.7%, respectively based on different pathological stages of Nevin( Ⅱ , Ⅲ, Ⅳ, and Ⅴ ). There were significant differences among all groups (P＜0.01). The Cox multivariate analysis revealed that pathological stages of Nevin, total bilirubin, CA-199 and therapeutic method had significantly higher risk ratios for gallbladder carcinoma.Conclusion Radical resection may help to improve the survival rate and prognosis of advanced gallbladder carcinoma.