Ulcerative colitis is a chronic relapsing inflammatory bowel disease. Modern research indicates that immune dysregulation resulting from disruptions in circadian rhythm is closely associated with its pathogenesis. Both Western chronomedicine and traditional Chinese medicine（TCM）" treatment based on temporal factors" emphasize the temporal relationship between natural rhythms and human physiology and pathology. The " midnight-noon and ebb-flow " theory represents the concrete application and deepening of TCM " treatment based on temporal factors" within the realm of chronomedicine. This article correlates the onset time of ulcerative colitis with specific periods in the " midnight-noon and ebb-flow"theory：the Mao period（05：00-07：00），when the yangming large intestine meridian of hand is dominant； the Si period（09：00-11：00），when the taiyin spleen meridian of foot is dominant； and the You period（17：00-19：00），when the shaoyin kidney meridian of foot is dominant. According to this perspective，if the disease manifests during the Mao period，the pathogenesis is attributed to dampnessheat accumulation and disorder of qi and blood. Treatment should focus on clearing heat，resolving dampness，and harmonizing qi and blood，using modified formulas such as Shaoyao Decoction or Baitouweng Decoction. If it occurs during the Si period，the pathogenesis involves spleen deficiency with dampness obstruction and disharmony of qi and blood. Treatment should focus on strengthening the spleen，eliminating dampness，and restoring qi and blood，using modified formulas such as Huangya Decoction or Shenling Baizhu Powder. If it presents during the You period，the pathogenesis is characterized by fire failing to warm earth，and consumption resulting in qi and blood leakage. Treatment should focus on warming the kidney and spleen，and securing qi and blood，using modified formulas such as Sishen Pill or Tianhun Decoction. In addition to oral administration of Chinese herbal medicine，comprehensive therapies including acupuncture，herbal enemas，and acupoint application can provide novel insights for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of ulcerative colitis.

BACKGROUND:Unique advantages of 3D printing technology have opened up new ideas for the development of stomatology.OBJECTIVE:To summarize the application progress of 3D printing technology in stomatology.METHODS:The relevant articles were searched in CNKI and PubMed by computer.Classification search was performed using"3D printing,oral science"as Chinese search terms.Keyword search was conducted using"three-dimensional printing,stomatology,dentistry,prosthodontics,oral implant,orthodontics,oral and maxillofacial surgery,dental pulp disease,periodontitis"as English search terms.The literature that was not related to the theme of the article was initially excluded after reading.According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,54 articles were finally included for review.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:In the field of stomatology,the application scope of 3D printing technology is rapidly expanding,gradually replacing the traditional clinical diagnosis and treatment methods.Through the combination of digital technology and advanced material science,3D printing can accurately create 3D models,providing personalized solutions for the treatment of oral diseases,ensuring that doctors can carry out detailed planning and preview before surgery,and improve the safety of surgery.3D printing technology has shown significant advantages in customized denture production,personalized implantation,bracket-free invisible orthodontics,etc.Based on this technology,doctors can implement accurate design and production according to the patient's oral structure and needs,bringing patients a good treatment experience and prognosis.3D printing technology has also shown great potential in minimally invasive endodontic treatment and periodontal tissue regeneration,3D printed scaffolds and implants can provide a suitable environment for stem cells to promote the regeneration and repair of periodontal tissues,but at present,3D printing is still in the development stage of regenerative therapy,and more research and practice are needed to verify the effect and safety of its clinical application.

Objective To understand the current status of the job competency of full-time healthcare-associated in-fection(HAI)management professionals in all levels and types of medical institutions across China,and provide in-formation and basis for professional training,competency improvement,and career planning.Methods The strati-fied sampling method was adopted to select HAI management professionals from medical institutions in 31 provin-cial-level administrative regions across the country as the research subjects.The designed content of questionnaire involved four parts,including the surveyed personnel's basic information,daily job competency assessment,satis-faction level towards the job,as well as opinions and suggestions on the management of full-time HAI management professionals.The assessment on daily job competency was divided into 13 dimensions,ranging from very incompe-tent to very competent in 5 levels.The scores of HAI management professionals with different professional back-grounds were compared and analyzed.Results A total of 8 709 valid questionnaires were collected,with 3 475 and 3 697 surveyed personnel from tertiary and secondary medical institutions,respectively,and 1 537 from primary or unclassified medical institutions.The overall average score for the competency assessment of full-time HAI manage-ment professionals was(4.17±0.80)points.The scores of professionals with different professional backgrounds,from high to low,were as follows:nursing([4.12±0.81]points),clinical medicine([4.07±0.86]points),pre-ventive medicine([3.93±0.92]points),laboratory medicine([3.88±0.93]points),pharmacy([3.86±0.94]points),and health management([3.85±0.95]points).For the core competency of HAI management professio-nals,such as monitoring and analyzing HAI cases,identifying and investigating HAI outbreaks,the assessment scores for professionals with medical backgrounds were the highest(both P＜0.05).For the basic work of HAI prevention and control,such as checking and guiding the implementation of rules and regulations,guiding occupa-tional protection,management and communication,and implementing HAI management training,professionals with a nursing background had the highest assessment scores(all P＜0.05).Full-time HAI management professionals were relatively satisfied with their training,while those with a background in preventive medicine had lower satisfac-tion with their training,career development,and job benefits(all P＜0.05).Conclusion There are significant differences in the competency of HAI management professionals with different professional backgrounds.It is nece-ssary to optimize division of labor and leverage the strengths,providing ideas and models for promoting the construction of a specialized and professional HAI management team.

Objective:To explore the mechanism of how neurocognition affects social functioning through fa-cial emotion recognition in individuals with schizophrenia.Methods:Totally 203 patients with schizophrenia meet-ing the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,Fourth Edition(DSM-IV)diagnostic criteria were re-cruited,with an age of(40±12)years,an initial onset age of(24±8)years,scored(60.4±16.1)points on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale.Using the Personal and Social Performance Scale(PSP),the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery(MCCB),and the Facial Emotion Recognition Test(FERT)to assess patients'social functioning,neurocognition,and facial emotion recognition abilities.Results:In the relationship between MCCB fac-tor scores and PSP dimensions scores,happy face recognition showed a mediating effect in socially useful activities dimension(ACME=0.021,P＜0.01),sad(ACME=-0.026,P＜0.05)and surprised face recognition(ACME=-0.017,P＜0.05)showed mediating effects in self-care dimension.Additionally,sad(ACME=-0.025,P＜0.05)and fearful face recognition(ACME=-0.025,P＜0.001)played a mediating role in disruptive and aggres-sive behavior dimensions.Conclusion:Facial emotion recognition in patients with schizophrenia may play a media-ting role in the neurocognitive mechanisms of social dysfunction,with different dimensions of social dysfunction be-ing associated with specific categories of emotions.

BACKGROUND:Unique advantages of 3D printing technology have opened up new ideas for the development of stomatology.OBJECTIVE:To summarize the application progress of 3D printing technology in stomatology.METHODS:The relevant articles were searched in CNKI and PubMed by computer.Classification search was performed using"3D printing,oral science"as Chinese search terms.Keyword search was conducted using"three-dimensional printing,stomatology,dentistry,prosthodontics,oral implant,orthodontics,oral and maxillofacial surgery,dental pulp disease,periodontitis"as English search terms.The literature that was not related to the theme of the article was initially excluded after reading.According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,54 articles were finally included for review.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:In the field of stomatology,the application scope of 3D printing technology is rapidly expanding,gradually replacing the traditional clinical diagnosis and treatment methods.Through the combination of digital technology and advanced material science,3D printing can accurately create 3D models,providing personalized solutions for the treatment of oral diseases,ensuring that doctors can carry out detailed planning and preview before surgery,and improve the safety of surgery.3D printing technology has shown significant advantages in customized denture production,personalized implantation,bracket-free invisible orthodontics,etc.Based on this technology,doctors can implement accurate design and production according to the patient's oral structure and needs,bringing patients a good treatment experience and prognosis.3D printing technology has also shown great potential in minimally invasive endodontic treatment and periodontal tissue regeneration,3D printed scaffolds and implants can provide a suitable environment for stem cells to promote the regeneration and repair of periodontal tissues,but at present,3D printing is still in the development stage of regenerative therapy,and more research and practice are needed to verify the effect and safety of its clinical application.

Objective:To explore the mechanism of how neurocognition affects social functioning through fa-cial emotion recognition in individuals with schizophrenia.Methods:Totally 203 patients with schizophrenia meet-ing the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,Fourth Edition(DSM-IV)diagnostic criteria were re-cruited,with an age of(40±12)years,an initial onset age of(24±8)years,scored(60.4±16.1)points on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale.Using the Personal and Social Performance Scale(PSP),the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery(MCCB),and the Facial Emotion Recognition Test(FERT)to assess patients'social functioning,neurocognition,and facial emotion recognition abilities.Results:In the relationship between MCCB fac-tor scores and PSP dimensions scores,happy face recognition showed a mediating effect in socially useful activities dimension(ACME=0.021,P＜0.01),sad(ACME=-0.026,P＜0.05)and surprised face recognition(ACME=-0.017,P＜0.05)showed mediating effects in self-care dimension.Additionally,sad(ACME=-0.025,P＜0.05)and fearful face recognition(ACME=-0.025,P＜0.001)played a mediating role in disruptive and aggres-sive behavior dimensions.Conclusion:Facial emotion recognition in patients with schizophrenia may play a media-ting role in the neurocognitive mechanisms of social dysfunction,with different dimensions of social dysfunction be-ing associated with specific categories of emotions.

This consensus was developed by the Orthodontic Society of the Chinese Stomatological Association to provide a systematic, scientific, and practical guideline for informed consent in orthodontic care. Orthodontic treatment is typically lengthy, highly individualized, and involves multiple factors such as growth and development, occlusal function, and facial esthetics. Rapid technological advances and diverse risk profiles make the traditional reliance on orthodontist experience or institutional templates insufficient to ensure patients′ full understanding and autonomous decision-making. To address this, the expert panel conducted extensive reviews of domestic and international guidelines, analyzed representative dispute cases, and performed multicenter patient-clinician surveys. Using a multi-round Delphi method, the group established a standardized informed consent framework covering the initial consultation, treatment, and retention phases. The consensus emphasizes that informed consent is not only a fundamental legal and ethical requirement but also a key step in building trust, improving patient compliance, and enhancing treatment satisfaction. Orthodontists should clearly and comprehensively explain treatment plans, potential risks, uncertainties, and associated costs, while respecting the autonomy of patients or guardians, and maintain continuous communication and dynamic evaluation throughout the treatment process. The release of this consensus provides unified and authoritative guidance for clinical orthodontics, helping to standardize informed consent, enhance its transparency, safeguard patient rights, reduce medical risks, and promote high-quality, sustainable development of orthodontic practice.

Objective To investigate the distribution and antimicrobial resistance profiles of clinically isolated Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis in hospitals across China from 2015 to 2021,and provide evidence for rational use of antimicrobial agents.Methods Data of H.influenzae and M.catarrhalis strains isolated from 2015 to 2021 in CHINET program were collected for analysis,and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by disc diffusion method or automated systems according to the uniform protocol of CHINET.The results were interpreted according to the CLSI breakpoints in 2022.Beta-lactamases was detected by using nitrocefin disk.Results From 2015 to 2021,a total of 43 642 strains of Haemophilus species were isolated,accounting for 2.91％of the total clinical isolates and 4.07％of Gram-negative bacteria in CHINET program.Among the 40 437 strains of H.influenzae,66.89％were isolated from children and 33.11％were isolated from adults.More than 90％of the H.influenzae strains were isolated from respiratory tract specimens.The prevalence of β-lactamase was 53.79％in H.influenzae strains.The H.influenzae strains isolated from children showed higher resistance rate than the strains isolated from adults.Overall,779 strains of H.influenzae did not produce β-lactamase but were resistant to ampicillin(BLNAR).Beta-lactamase-producing strains showed significantly higher resistance rates to these antimicrobial agents than the β-lactamase-nonproducing strains.Of the 16 191 M.catarrhalis strains,80.06％were isolated from children and 19.94％isolated from adults.M.catarrhalis strains were mostly susceptible to both amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and cefuroxime,evidenced by resistance rate lower than 2.0％.Conclusions The emergence of antibiotic-resistant H.influenzae due to β-lactamase production poses a challenge for clinical anti-infective treatment.Therefore,it is very important to implement antibiotic resistance surveillance for H.influenzae and guide rational antibiotic use.All local clinical microbiology laboratories should actively improve antibiotic susceptibility testing and strengthen antibiotic resistance surveillance for H.influenzae.

Objective To investigate clinical therapeutic value of combined posterior nasal nerve and anterior ethmoidal nerve ablation in patients with nasal septal deviation and moderate to severe persistent allergic rhinitis.Methods A total of 47 patients diagnosed with nasal septal deviation and moderate to severe persistent allergic rhinitis from April to December 2024 were divided into two groups.The control group(n=22)underwent septoplasty and bilateral inferior turbinate out-fracture,with postoperative symptom control managed by budesonide nasal spray.The experimental group(n=25)received the same septoplasty and turbinate surgery,supplemented by bilateral posterior nasal nerve and anterior ethmoidal nerve ablation.Symptom improvement was compared between groups by using the Visual Analogue Scale(VAS)and Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire(RQLQ)scores preoperatively and3 months postoperatively.Results The operation time of the control group was(36.3±5.9)min,significantly shorter than that of the experimental group[(59.4±6.6)min,t=12.496,P=0.000].Both groups of patients showed significant improvement in VAS and PQLQ scores for nasal symptoms such as nasal congestion,runny nose,sneezing,and itching at 3 months after surgery compared to preoperative levels(all P=0.000).The mean VAS score of the four symptoms in the control group was(4.6±0.9)points at3 months after surgery,which was significantly lower than that before surgery[(6.3±1.1)points,t=9.796,P=0.000].The mean VAS score of the four symptoms in the experimental group was1.0(0.3-4.3)points at3 months after surgery,which was significantly lower than that before surgery[7.0(4.5-9.0)points,Z=-4.376,P=0.000].The improvement rate of the VAS score in the experimental group was(82.4±14.2)%,significantly higher than that in the control group[(26.9±11.7)%,t=14.510,P=0.000].At3 months after surgery,the RQLQ score of the control group[(2.3±0.8)points]was significantly lower than that before surgery[(3.3±0.8)points,t=10.055,P=0.000].The RQLQ score of the experimental group after surgery was 1.4(0.8-3.5)points,which was significantly lower than the preoperative score[3.6(1.5-6.1)points,Z=-4.373,P=0.000].The improvement rate of RQLQ score in the experimental group was(53.0±14.6)%,significantly higher than that in the control group[(30.2±13.4)%,t=5.555,P=0.000].Conclusion Postnasal nerve and anterior ethmoidal nerve ablation combined with nasal septal deviation correction can significantly improve nasal symptoms and quality of life in patients with nasal septal deviation complicated with moderate to severe allergic rhinitis compared with simple nasal septal deviation correction,but the operation time is prolonged.

Objective:To investigate the efficacy of enteral nutrition combined with trocar puncture with a sump drain in the treatment of Crohn's disease(CD)complicated by intra-abdominal abscess.Methods:A descriptive case series study was conducted.Clinical data of CD patients with intra-abdominal abscess who received enteral nutrition and trocar puncture with a sump drain at the Intestinal Fistula and Intra-abdominal Infection Center of Nanjing BenQ Hospital between June 2018 and December 2022 were retrospectively collected.Laboratory parameters,including white blood cell(WBC)count,C-reactive protein(CRP),and procalcitonin(PCT),were recorded at baseline(pre-puncture)and on days 1,3,and 7 post-puncture.Changes in clinical indicators before and after intervention were compared.Results:All 19 CD patients with intra-abdominal abscess successfully underwent CT-guided trocar puncture with a sump drain,with fistulography confirming the presence of intestinal fistula.No post-procedural complications,including puncture site infection,new-onset intestinal fistula or intra-abdominal hemorrhage,were observed.The median treatment duration was 58.3 days(range:14～300 days).10 patients achieved spontaneous healing while 9 eventually underwent surgical intervention for unresolved fistulas.Post-puncture WBC levels decreased significantly on days 1,3,and 7 compared to baseline(P<0.05).Serum CRP levels increased markedly on day 1 post-puncture(P<0.05)but declined significantly by days 3 and 7(P<0.05).No statistically significant difference was observed in serum procalcitonin levels before and after puncture(P>0.05).Conclusion:The combination of enteral nutrition and trocar puncture with a sump drain is safe,feasible,and effective for managing CD complicated by intra-abdominal abscess.