Objective To explore the effect and mechanism of hydroxysafflor yellow A(HSYA)on autophagy in bEnd.3 cells after oxygen-glucose deprivation(OGD).Methods The bEnd.3 cells were divided into normal group(conventional culture),model group(OGD model),HSYA group(OGD model+75 μmol·L-1 HSYA),3-methyladenine(3MA)group(5 mmol·L-1 3MA+OGD model)and 3 MA+HSYA group(5 mmol·L-1 3 MA+OGD model+75 μmol·L-1 HSYA).The level of apoptosis was determined by TUNEL fluorescence staining;Western blot was used to detect the expression of autophagy,blood brain barrier(BBB)related proteins;real time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction method for determining the expression of sirtuin-1(SIRT1)and forkhead box protein O3a(FOXO3A)mRNA.Results In the normal group,model group,HSYA group,3MA group and 3MA+HSYA group,the positive cells selected for TUNEL staining were 5.00±1.00,28.00±2.00,21.00±3.00,35.33±2.51 and 29.67±2.52;the expression levels of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3-Ⅱ/-Ⅰ(LC3-Ⅱ/-Ⅰ)were 0.90±0.20,1.34±0.10,1.95±0.14,0.76±0.15 and 1.14±0.09;sequestosome 1(P62)were 0.99±0.02,0.60±0.02,0.38±0.01,0.67±0.04 and 0.54±0.01;occludin were 1.39±0.17,0.62±0.15,1.00±0.09,0.40±0.13 and 0.80±0.15;zonula occludens-1(ZO-1)were 1.63±0.20,0.64±0.06,0.98±0.14,0.37±0.14 and 0.87±0.04;SIRT1 mRNA were 1.00±0.00,0.75±0.07,1.69±0.09,0.31±0.02 and 0.56±0.01;FOXO3A mRNA were 1.00±0.00,0.80±0.05,1.47±0.09,0.40±0.01 and 0.62±0.09,respectively.Significant differences were found between model group and normal group,HSYA group and model group,3MA+HSYA group and 3MA group(P＜0.05,P＜0.01,P＜0.001).Conclusion HSYA may enhance autophagy levels in bEnd.3 cells after OGD through the SIRT1/FOXO3A pathway,inhibit cell apoptosis and alleviate BBB damage.

Objective To explore whether the cognitive function of central obese mice is decreased by affecting the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)in hippocampus.Methods Healthy mice at the neonatal stage were divided into normal group and model group at random.To obtain the obese models,model group mice were injected at cervical subcutaneous with 10％L-monosodium glutamate(MSG;3 mg·g-1·d-1)for 5 days.The normal group was injected with the same dose of 0.9％NaCl.In addition,mice were removed according to the requirements.Finally,we got 8 mice in each group.The following parameters were compared:body weight,Lee's index and levels of the serum lipid.The BDNF expression levels in hippocampal tissue were measured using western blotting.Results At the 8th weekend,the body weight of the model and normal groups was(49.01±2.47)and(41.27±3.28)g;the Lee's indexes were(357.14±9.24)and(330.15±7.37)g1/3·cm-1;triglyceride levels were(1.37±0.52)and(0.73±0.31)mmol·L-1;total cholesterol levels were(2.98±0.18)and(1.98±0.30)mmol·L-1;low-density lipoprotein levels were(0.31±0.03)and(0.24±0.02)mmol·L-1;high-density lipoprotein levels were(2.70±0.15)and(1.98±0.40)mmol·L-1;the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),which were consistent with the characteristics of the central obesity model.The BDNF protein expression levels in the hippocampus of the model and normal groups were 6.02 x 104±626.53 and 7.04 x 104±1 440.81,which has statistically significant(P＜0.01).Conclusion The cognitive function of central obese mice may be decreased by down-regulating the expression of BDNF in hippocampus.

Cryoablation therapy with explicit anti-tumor mechanisms and histopathological manifestations has a long history.A large number of clinical practice has shown that cryoablation therapy is safe and effective,making it an ideal tumor treatment method in theory.Previously,its efficacy and clinical application were constrained by the limitations of refrigerants and refrigeration equipment.With the development of the new generation of cryoablation equipment represented by argon helium knives,significant progress has been made in refrigeration efficien-cy,ablation range,and precise temperature measurement,greatly promoting the progression of tumor cryoablation technology.This consensus systematically summarizes the mechanism of cryoablation technology,indications for oral mucosal melanoma(OMM)cryotherapy,clinical treatment process,adverse reactions and management,cryotherapy combination therapy,etc.,aiming to provide reference for carrying out the standardized cryoablation therapy of OMM.

Objective To compare the ultrasound signs of symptomatic joint lesions in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and gouty arthritis (GA), musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSUS) was utilized.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for 85 hospitalized patients with RA and 55 hospitalized patients with GA in the same period, and the differences in general data, diseased joints and ultrasound signs between the two groups were compared.Re-sults The gender, age and diseased joints of the two groups were statistically significant (all P<0.05).The de-tection rate of knee joint lesions was the highest;the RA group had high sensitivity, high specificity of meniscal in-jury, and high diagnostic efficiency of bone erosion, while the diagnostic performance of the three combined ultra-sound signs of punctate strong echo, double track sign and tophi in the GA group was higher than that of any indi-vidual diagnosis, and the sensitivity and specificity were also higher.The course of disease in the RA group was positively correlated with bone erosion (P<0.05) , and the course in the GA group was positively correlated with tophi (P<0.05).Conclusion The ultrasound signs of RA and GA are different, and MSUS has good value in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of the two.

Objective:To understand the epidemiological characteristics of human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) among cases presenting with influenza-like illness (ILI) in Shenzhen City from 2019 to 2023.Methods:Respiratory specimens were collected from two national sentinel hospitals in Shenzhen from March 2019 to December 2023, specifically targeting cases of ILI. The real-time PCR method was used for the detection and genotyping of HRSV. Basic demographic information was collected and used for the epidemiological analysis.Results:A total of 9 278 respiratory specimens of influenza-like cases were collected and detected, with a total positive rate of 4.77% (443/9 278) for HRSV. In 2021 (8.48%, 167/1 970), the positive rate of HRSV was significantly higher than in 2019 (3.35%, 52/1 552), 2022 (1.80%, 39/2 169), and 2023 (4.49%, 133/2 960), and the difference was statistically significant ( χ 2=102.395, P<0.001). The prevalence of HRSV was mainly in summer and early autumn (September), and there was an abnormal increase in the positive rate of HRSV in winter 2022. The highest positive rate of HRSV was in children under five years old (9.84%, 330/335). The typing results showed that in 2022, the prevalence of HRSV-A was predominant (71.79%, 28/39), and in 2023, HRSV-A and HRSV-B subtypes coexisted. Conclusions:The prevalence of HRSV in Shenzhen from 2019 to 2023 has obvious seasonality, mainly in summer and early autumn. Children under five years old are the main population of HRSV infections.

Cohort study of children and adolescents health is an ideal method to explore health-related problems from childhood to adulthood, to which more attention has been paid. This paper summarizes the progress in cohort study of children and adolescents health conducted both at home and abroad by introducing the study design, main contents. Emphasizing the international exchange and cohort integration, continuously expanding cohort research field, and using multi-source data for high-quality follow-up have become the trend of cohort study of children and adolescents health.

Objective:To understand the epidemiological characteristics of human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) among cases presenting with influenza-like illness (ILI) in Shenzhen City from 2019 to 2023.Methods:Respiratory specimens were collected from two national sentinel hospitals in Shenzhen from March 2019 to December 2023, specifically targeting cases of ILI. The real-time PCR method was used for the detection and genotyping of HRSV. Basic demographic information was collected and used for the epidemiological analysis.Results:A total of 9 278 respiratory specimens of influenza-like cases were collected and detected, with a total positive rate of 4.77% (443/9 278) for HRSV. In 2021 (8.48%, 167/1 970), the positive rate of HRSV was significantly higher than in 2019 (3.35%, 52/1 552), 2022 (1.80%, 39/2 169), and 2023 (4.49%, 133/2 960), and the difference was statistically significant ( χ 2=102.395, P<0.001). The prevalence of HRSV was mainly in summer and early autumn (September), and there was an abnormal increase in the positive rate of HRSV in winter 2022. The highest positive rate of HRSV was in children under five years old (9.84%, 330/335). The typing results showed that in 2022, the prevalence of HRSV-A was predominant (71.79%, 28/39), and in 2023, HRSV-A and HRSV-B subtypes coexisted. Conclusions:The prevalence of HRSV in Shenzhen from 2019 to 2023 has obvious seasonality, mainly in summer and early autumn. Children under five years old are the main population of HRSV infections.

Objective To determine the median effective dose(ED50)of ropivacaine for spinal anesthesia in sub-high altitude cesarean sections.Methods A total of 30 parturients from sub-high altitudes received initial 14 mg(1.4 mL)of 1%ropivacaine intrathecally.Effectiveness was defined by sensory block to T6 within 15 minutes without additional epidural anesthesia.Doses were adjusted by±1 mg based on response.ED50 and 95%CI were estimated using Dixon's method and isotonic regression.Adverse reactions were noted.Results Thirty parturients with an average age of(30.88±5.56)years,gestational weeks of(40±1.41)weeks,height of(156.69±5.80)cm,and weight of(67.44±10.48)kg were studied.The ED50 was 10.68 mg(95%CI:9.65-12.58 mg)by Dixon's method and 10.33 mg(95%CI:9.41-12.07 mg)by isotonic regression.Intraoperatively,8 cases of hypotension,1 case of bradycardia,and 7 cases of nausea and vomiting were observed,no hypertension or shivering occurred among the parturients.Conclusion The ED50 for ropivacaine in sub-high altitude cesarean sections is 10.68 mg,which is higher than the currently known ED50 required for patients in plain areas.

Objective:To analyze the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with invasive fungal sinusitis (invasive fungal rhinosinusitis, IFR) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) and explored the risk factors for IFR after allo-HSCT.Methods:Nineteen patients with IFR after allo-HSCT at Peking University People’s Hospital from January 2012 to December 2021 were selected as the study group, and 95 patients without IFR after allo-HSCT during this period were randomly selected as the control group (1:5 ratio) .Results:Nineteen patients, including 10 males and 9 females, had IFR after allo-HSCT. The median age was 36 (10–59) years. The median IFR onset time was 68 (9–880) days after allo-HSCT. There were seven patients with acute myeloid leukemia, five with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, two with myelodysplastic syndrome, two with chronic myeloid leukemia, one with acute mixed-cell leukemia, one with multiple myeloma, and one with T-lymphoblastic lymph node tumor. There were 13 confirmed cases and 6 clinically diagnosed cases. The responsible fungus was Mucor in two cases, Rhizopus in four, Aspergillus in four, and Candida in three. Five patients received combined treatment comprising amphotericin B and posaconazole, one patient received combined treatment comprising voriconazole and posaconazole, nine patients received voriconazole, and four patients received amphotericin B. In addition to antifungal treatment, 10 patients underwent surgery. After antifungal treatment and surgery, 15 patients achieved a response, including 13 patients with a complete response and 2 patients with a partial response. Multivariate analysis revealed that neutropenia before transplantation ( P=0.021) , hemorrhagic cystitis after transplantation ( P=0.012) , delayed platelet engraftment ( P=0.008) , and lower transplant mononuclear cell count ( P=0.012) were independent risk factors for IFR after allo-HSCT. The 5-year overall survival rates in the IFR and control groups after transplantation were 29.00%±0.12% and 91.00%±0.03%, respectively ( P<0.01) . Conclusion:Although IFR is rare, it is associated with poor outcomes in patients undergoing allo-HSCT. The combination of antifungal treatment and surgery might be effective.

Objectives:To determine the effect of glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency on patients’ complications and prognosis following allogeneic stem cell hematopoietic transplantation (allo-HSCT) .Methods:7 patients with G6PD deficiency (study group) who underwent allo-HSCT at Peking University People's Hospital from March 2015 to January 2021 were selected as the study group, and thirty-five patients who underwent allo-HSCT during the same period but did not have G6PD deficiency were randomly selected as the control group in a 1∶5 ratio. Gender, age, underlying diseases, and donors were balanced between the two groups. Collect clinical data from two patient groups and perform a retrospective nested case-control study.Results:The study group consisted of six male patients and one female patient, with a median age of 37 (range, 2-45) years old. The underlying hematologic diseases included acute myeloid leukemia ( n=3), acute lymphocytic leukemia ( n=2), and severe aplastic anemia ( n=2). All 7 G6PD deficiency patients achieved engraftment of neutrophils within 28 days of allo-HSCT, while the engraftment rate of neutrophils was 94.5% in the control group. The median days of platelet engraftment were 21 (6–64) d and 14 (7–70) d ( P=0.113). The incidence rates of secondary poor graft function in the study group and control group were 42.9% (3/7) and 8.6% (3/35), respectively ( P=0.036). The CMV infection rates were 71.4% (5/7) and 31.4% (11/35), respectively ( P=0.049). The incidence rates of hemorrhagic cystitis were 57.1% (4/7) and 8.6% (3/35), respectively ( P=0.005), while the bacterial infection rates were 100% (7/7) and 77.1% (27/35), respectively ( P=0.070). The infection rates of EBV were 14.3% (1/7) and 14.3% (5/35), respectively ( P=1.000), while the incidence of fungal infection was 14.3% (1/7) and 25.7% (9/35), respectively ( P=0.497). The rates of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) were 0% and 5.7%, respectively ( P=0.387) . Conclusions:The findings of this study indicate that blood disease patients with G6PD deficiency can tolerate conventional allo-HSCT pretreatment regimens, and granulocytes and platelets can be implanted successfully. However, after transplantation, patients should exercise caution to avoid viral infection, complications of hemorrhagic cystitis, and secondary poor graft function.