Objective:To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and trend of hospitalization of the patients with herpes zoster in Beijing from 2017 to 2022.Methods:In this retrospective study, the information of hospitalization of herpes zoster patients were collected from all medical institutions at the first level and above in Xicheng, Changping, and Miyun districts of Beijing. The age and gender specific hospitalization rates and age-standardized hospitalization rates were calculated. Joinpoint regression model was used to explore the trend of the hospitalization rates, and the influencing factors of the hospital stay length and complications were analyzed.Results:The age-standardized hospitalization rate of the patients with herpes zoster was 10.82/100 000-18.43/100 000 in Beijing from 2017 to 2022 [annual percent change (APC) =5.86%, 95% CI: -2.80%-15.98%]. The age-standardized hospitalization rate of the cases with herpes zoster as the main diagnosis showed an upward trend (APC=11.35%, 95% CI: 7.21%-16.23%). The age-standardized hospitalization rate showed an upward trend in women (APC=14.34%, 95% CI: 7.95%-22.37%). The hospitalization rate showed a downward trend in age group 30-39 years (APC=-24.92%, 95% CI: -48.56% - -1.85%) and showed upward trends in age group 70-79 years and 80-109 years (APC=23.18%, 95% CI: 13.53%-35.58%; APC=4.90%, 95% CI: 1.18%-9.19%). Complications occurred in 66.28% (680/1 026) of the patients. The median hospital stay length was 9 (5,15) days, and the patients with high age (≥80 years) and two or more complications had longer hospital stay, which were 12 (6, 23) and 14 (7, 27) days respectively ( P<0.001). Conclusions:The hospitalization rate in women and the elderly aged ≥70 years with herpes zoster as the main diagnosis showed upward trends in Beijing in recent years. The elderly aged ≥80 years usually had longer hospital stay, showing a relatively disease burden level. More attention should be paid to development of intervention strategies, such as vaccine, for this population.

Objective:To investigate gut microbiota differences between individuals with and without colorectal adenoma(CRA)and to identify gut microbes associated with CRA.Methods:This cross-sectional study analyzed the gut microbiota of 100 patients with CRA and 68 individuals without CRA(aged 40-75 years)who underwent colonoscopies between March 2021 and March 2022 at Tianjin Nankai Hospital.Fecal samples were sequenced for the V3-V4 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene using the Illumina NovaSeq platform.Results:Compared to the non-CRA group,the CRA group exhibited reduced relative abundances of identified and unidentified Lachnospiraceae,with increased Faecalibacterium and Streptococcus.In the non-CRA group,the relative abundances of Coprococcus,unidentified Clostridiaceae,and Clostridium were higher.LEfSe analysis revealed significant enrichment of Gammaproteobacteria,Proteobacteria,Enterobacteriales,and Faecalibacterium in the CRA group,while the non-CRA group was enriched for Moraxellaceae,Acinetobacter,and Anaerostipes.Conclusions:These findings suggest a discernible disparity in the gut microbiota structure between CRA patients and individuals without adenoma.The enrichment of potential pathogenic taxa,such as Faecalibacterium and Streptococcus,in the CRA group suggests a possible association with adenoma development.

Objective:To investigate the effects of Roxadustat and recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) on novel inflammatory immune indices in anemic patients with non-dialysis type 2 diabetes mellitus combined with chronic kidney disease (CKD).Methods:A retrospective case-control study was performed in this study. Patients with non-dialysis type 2 diabetes mellitus combined with CKD admitted to Shanghai First People's Hospital from December 2015 to December 2023 were selected. Among those patients, 252 cases were treated with rHuEPO (rHuEPO group) and 103 cases were treated with Roxadustat (Roxadustat group). Both group had a course of treatment over three months. The baseline data and novel inflammatory immunity indices, systemic immuno-inflammation index (SII), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) were compared between the two groups of patients before and after 3 months of treatment.Results:The differences in gender, age, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, history of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, history of hypertension, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and use of hypoglycemic, antihypertensive, and lipid-lowering medications were not statistically significant when compared between the two groups of patients (all P>0.05). Before treatment, the differences in NLR, PLR, SII, and LMR between the two groups were not statistically significant (all P>0.05); after 3 months of treatment, NLR, PLR, SII, and LMR were lower in both groups than before treatment [rHuEPO group: (2.3±0.8)% vs. (2.8±0.8)%, (83±33)% vs. (160±49)%, (2.3±0.8)% vs. (3.1±0.7)%, (476±227)% vs. (594±243)%, with t values of 9.25, 23. 20, 26.67, and 9.62, respectively, all P<0.001; Roxadustat group: (1.7±0.6)% versus (2.9±1.0)%, (72±30)% versus (162±47)%, (2.0±0.8)% versus (3.1±0.9)%, (408±151)% versus (605±267)%, with t values of 8. 38, 14.27, 8.62, and 5.97, respectively, all P<0.001], and NLR, PLR, and SII were lower in the Roxadustat group than in the rHuEPO group ( t=5.00, P<0.001, t=2.44, P=0.015, t=2.09, P=0.040). Conclusion:In patients with anemia in non-dialysis type 2 diabetes mellitus associated with CKD,Roxadustat had similar ability of reducing the level of novel inflammatory markers compared to rHuEPO.

Objective To understand the current situation of healthcare-associated infection(HAI)in China,pro-vide data support and decision-making basis for formulating scientific and effective strategies for HAI prevention and control.Methods A nationwide cross-sectional survey on HAI was conducted among various types and levels of medical institutions in China according to a unified protocol of bedside surveys and case investigations.Results In 2024,a total of 5 736 medical institutions and 2 751 765 patients were surveyed.Among them,34 889 HAI cases were identified,with a prevalence rate of 1.27％.The number of HAI episodes was 38 032,and case prevalence rate was 1.38％.The prevalence rate of HAI in medical institutions in different regions of China ranged from 0.66％to 2.35％.Among medical institutions of different scales,those with a bed capacity of ≥900 had the high-est incidence of HAI,reaching 1.65％.The most common infection site was the lower respiratory tract(44.66％),followed by the urinary tract(12.94％),surgical site(9.32％),upper respiratory tract(7.02％),and bloodstream infection(5.78％).The top 3 departments with the highest HAI rates were the general intensive care unit(10.02％),department of neurosurgery(5.51％),and department(group)of hematology(5.34％).A total of 23 238 strains of HAI pathogens were detected,with 10 714 strains(46.10％)from lower respiratory tract speci-mens.The top 5 detected strains were Klebsiella pneumoniae(14.76％),Pseudomonas aeruginosa(13.33％),Escherichia coli(12.79％),Acinetobacter baumannii(9.23％),and Staphylococcus aureus(7.88％).231 944 pa-tients underwent class Ⅰ incision surgery were monitored,with 1 647 cases experienced surgical site infection,and the prevalence rate of surgical site infection was 0.71％.The number of patients who should undergo pathogen de-tection(patients receiving therapeutic and therapeutic combined prophylactic antimicrobial agents)was 715 179,while the actual number was 480 492,with a pathogen detection rate of 67.18％.425 225 patients received patho-genic detection before treatment,with a detection rate of 59.46％.Conclusion The overall HAI prevalence in Chi-na is lower,showing disparities among medical institutions of different regions and scales.Therefore,precise imple-mentation of measures is necessary for HAI prevention and control,with a focus on high-risk institutions and high-risk departments,key areas,and critical procedures.All levels of medical institutions should continuously reduce the incidence of HAI by strengthening monitoring,standardizing the use of antimicrobial agents,and reinforcing basic HAI prevention and control measures.

Objective:To investigate the efficacy of enteral nutrition combined with trocar puncture with a sump drain in the treatment of Crohn's disease(CD)complicated by intra-abdominal abscess.Methods:A descriptive case series study was conducted.Clinical data of CD patients with intra-abdominal abscess who received enteral nutrition and trocar puncture with a sump drain at the Intestinal Fistula and Intra-abdominal Infection Center of Nanjing BenQ Hospital between June 2018 and December 2022 were retrospectively collected.Laboratory parameters,including white blood cell(WBC)count,C-reactive protein(CRP),and procalcitonin(PCT),were recorded at baseline(pre-puncture)and on days 1,3,and 7 post-puncture.Changes in clinical indicators before and after intervention were compared.Results:All 19 CD patients with intra-abdominal abscess successfully underwent CT-guided trocar puncture with a sump drain,with fistulography confirming the presence of intestinal fistula.No post-procedural complications,including puncture site infection,new-onset intestinal fistula or intra-abdominal hemorrhage,were observed.The median treatment duration was 58.3 days(range:14～300 days).10 patients achieved spontaneous healing while 9 eventually underwent surgical intervention for unresolved fistulas.Post-puncture WBC levels decreased significantly on days 1,3,and 7 compared to baseline(P<0.05).Serum CRP levels increased markedly on day 1 post-puncture(P<0.05)but declined significantly by days 3 and 7(P<0.05).No statistically significant difference was observed in serum procalcitonin levels before and after puncture(P>0.05).Conclusion:The combination of enteral nutrition and trocar puncture with a sump drain is safe,feasible,and effective for managing CD complicated by intra-abdominal abscess.

Aim To compare the observation results of atomic force microscopy(AFM)and scanning electron microscopy(SEM),and to summarize the main problems and solutions of AFM in observing biological macromolecules,using the observa-tion subjects of protein samples purified by our research group.Methods The protein samples were diluted to 15 nmol·L-1 with PBS,fixed on glass slides,silicon wafers,and mica sheets,dried,and made into solid-phase observation samples.SEM sam-ples were plated with platinum before observation.The surface structures of proteins were observed using AFM and SEM,sample heights were calculated,and differences in results were com-pared.Results Protein samples with positive charges tended to shift to the right during observation due to the repulsion of the AFM probe;mica sheets could effectively eliminate the positive charge of proteins to avoid sample movement;PBS provided a stable environment for protein samples,but the crystallization of PBS salts interfered with probe operation and imaging clarity;SEM samples needed to be plated with platinum before observa-tion and could not achieve the precision of AFM.Conclusions Both AFM and SEM can directly observe protein structures in vitro,with AFM providing higher precision results;when protein sample stability permits,ultrapure water is preferred as the sol-vent carrier,and volatile liquids such as ethanol can also serve as solvent carriers.The application of AFM offers a new approach for pharmacological studies on interactions between biological macromolecules.

Objective To analyze the association between lifestyle and the risk of type 2 diabetes(T2D)among adult residents.Methods The data was sourced from the Shanghai Suburban Adult Cohort and Biobank.A total of 42 096 adult residents who had not developed T2D were recruited from four districts of Shanghai(Songjiang,Jiading,Minhang,and Xuhui)between 2016 and 2019.The follow-up ended on Feb 28,2023.A structured questionnaire was used to collect information on six lifestyle-related items,including smoking,alcohol consumption,BMI,waist circumference(WC),physical activity,and diet.The unhealthy lifestyle scores(UHLS)were calculated by counting the number of all the unhealthy lifestyle items,with a range of 0-6.New-onset T2D events diagnosed by physicians were obtained through the medical information system.Cox proportional hazards regression model and restricted cubic spline model were utilized to evaluate the association between unhealthy lifestyles and the risk of T2D incidence.Results About 28.1%of the participants led 4-6 unhealthy lifestyles.A total of 1 752 new T2D cases were identified during 218 513.4 person-years of follow-up.Analysis of single unhealthy lifestyle showed that abnormal WC(HR=1.5,95%CI:1.4-1.7)and abnormal BMI(HR=1.3,95%CI:1.2-1.5)were associated with an increased risk of T2D.Compared with individuals with a UHLS of 0-1,those with a UHLS of 3 and 4-6 had 30%(95%CI:1.1-1.6)and 50%(95%CI:1.2-1.8)higher risks of T2D,respectively.Each additional unhealthy lifestyle was associated with a 10%increase in T2D incidence risk(HR=1.1,95%CI:1.1-1.2).Conclusion The risk of T2D in adult residents increases with the cumulative number of unhealthy lifestyles.Adult residents with abnormal WC or BMI,or have three or more unhealthy lifestyles accumulated,will increase the risk of new-onset T2D.

Objective To develop a tumor vaccine containing broad-spectrum neoantigen tumor cell lysate(TCL)and CpG adjuvant,and to effectively deliver it to lymph node dendritic cells.Methods A novel polymer,9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl-polyethylene glycol-glycocholic acid(Fmoc-PEG-GCA),was employed to encapsulate the TCL and CpG through π-π stacking,resulting in high-density polyethylene glycol-modified glycocholic acid-decorated micelles TCL/CpG@GNP.The vaccine′s drug loading,encapsulation efficiency,particle size,polydispersity index(PDI),zeta potential,morphology,stability,cellular safety,uptake capability,immune stimulation effects on bone marrow-derived dendritic cells(BMDCs)and in vivo anti-tumor efficacy were evaluated.Results The vaccine TCL and CpG demonstrated a drug loading capacity of 6.26%and the encapsulation rate was 37.59%.The drug loading capacity of CpG was 7.05%,and the encapsulation efficiency was 56.86%.The particle size measured(139.26±27.23)nm,with a PDI of 0.249±0.015,indicating favorable dispersion properties.The zeta potential was recorded at(-21.23±0.36)mV.The TCL/CpG@GNP vaccine demonstrated good stability,cell safety and uptake ability,and can promote the activation and maturation of BMDCs.In tumor-bearing mouse models,TCL/CpG@GNP inhibited tumor growth,increased the proportion of T lymphocytes in peripheral blood,and elevated IFN-γ levels in spleen.Conclusion The TCL/CpG@GNP tumor vaccine can effectively activate BMDCs and induce strong anti-tumor immune memory in a mouse lung cancer model.

Objective:To analyze the MYH9 gene sequence of a patient with hereditary thrombocytopenia and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and his family members,and to explore the relationship between MYH9 gene and tumors.Methods:Peripheral blood samples were collected from the patients and their family members for complete blood count analysis.The platelet morphology was observed under microscope.The MYH9 gene sequence was analyzed by Whole Exon Sequencing and Sanger Sequencing.Results:The mutation site c.279C＞A:p.(Asn93Lys)in exon 2 of the MYH9 gene were found in patient and his family members,both presenting as thrombocytopenia.The platelet count was significantly increased after the administration of Avatrombopag.Conclusion:A novel mutation of MYH9 was found in this study,and the case was sensitive to Avatrombopag,by exploring the relationship between the MYH9 gene and tumors,suggesting that the MYH9 gene may be associated with the development of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

Objective:To investigate the effects of Roxadustat and recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) on novel inflammatory immune indices in anemic patients with non-dialysis type 2 diabetes mellitus combined with chronic kidney disease (CKD).Methods:A retrospective case-control study was performed in this study. Patients with non-dialysis type 2 diabetes mellitus combined with CKD admitted to Shanghai First People's Hospital from December 2015 to December 2023 were selected. Among those patients, 252 cases were treated with rHuEPO (rHuEPO group) and 103 cases were treated with Roxadustat (Roxadustat group). Both group had a course of treatment over three months. The baseline data and novel inflammatory immunity indices, systemic immuno-inflammation index (SII), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) were compared between the two groups of patients before and after 3 months of treatment.Results:The differences in gender, age, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, history of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, history of hypertension, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and use of hypoglycemic, antihypertensive, and lipid-lowering medications were not statistically significant when compared between the two groups of patients (all P>0.05). Before treatment, the differences in NLR, PLR, SII, and LMR between the two groups were not statistically significant (all P>0.05); after 3 months of treatment, NLR, PLR, SII, and LMR were lower in both groups than before treatment [rHuEPO group: (2.3±0.8)% vs. (2.8±0.8)%, (83±33)% vs. (160±49)%, (2.3±0.8)% vs. (3.1±0.7)%, (476±227)% vs. (594±243)%, with t values of 9.25, 23. 20, 26.67, and 9.62, respectively, all P<0.001; Roxadustat group: (1.7±0.6)% versus (2.9±1.0)%, (72±30)% versus (162±47)%, (2.0±0.8)% versus (3.1±0.9)%, (408±151)% versus (605±267)%, with t values of 8. 38, 14.27, 8.62, and 5.97, respectively, all P<0.001], and NLR, PLR, and SII were lower in the Roxadustat group than in the rHuEPO group ( t=5.00, P<0.001, t=2.44, P=0.015, t=2.09, P=0.040). Conclusion:In patients with anemia in non-dialysis type 2 diabetes mellitus associated with CKD,Roxadustat had similar ability of reducing the level of novel inflammatory markers compared to rHuEPO.