Lung transplantation is the only effective treatment for end-stage lung disease. Acute kidney injury is a common complication after lung transplantation, which is related to the occurrence of chronic kidney disease and increased postoperative fatality. The factors and mechanisms affecting the occurrence of acute kidney injury are very complex. Clinically, it has been found that various risk factors during the perioperative period of lung transplantation may lead to the occurrence of acute kidney injury, including preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative factors. Early diagnosis of acute kidney injury after lung transplantation and timely intervention are of great significance to improving patient prognosis. Therefore, this article reviews the definition of acute kidney injury, non-invasive assessment, risk factors, prognosis, and clinical management of acute kidney injury after lung transplantation, aiming to provide a reference for the diagnosis and treatment of acute kidney injury after lung transplantation in clinical practice and to improve the survival rate of lung transplant recipients.

Lung transplantation is an effective treatment for various end-stage lung diseases. Optimizing perioperative fluid management can reduce the incidence of postoperative pulmonary edema and improve the prognosis of lung transplant recipients. Excessive fluid administration may lead to pulmonary edema, ischemia-reperfusion injury of the transplant lung, and increased cardiac burden, which can induce heart failure. On the other hand, overly strict fluid restriction may lead to hypovolemia, affecting tissue perfusion and causing organ dysfunction. Therefore, precise regulation of fluid balance is crucial for the postoperative recovery of lung transplant recipients. This article reviews the physiological characteristics of lung transplant recipients, types of infused fluids, fluid therapy regimens, and hemodynamic monitoring, aiming to elucidate the particularities of perioperative fluid management in lung transplantation and provide new ideas and directions for individualized fluid management.

Viral hepatitis is an important cause of liver cirrhosis and liver cancer， which has become a major public health problem in the world. Traditional Chinese medicine has unique advantages in treating viral hepatitis， which can inhibit virus replication and enhance immunity. It can effectively prevent liver fibrosis and canceration， improving liver function and symptoms significantly with definite clinical curative effects， a high level of safety， and seldom drug resistance. In addition， it reduces the side effects of western medicine， achieving the effect of synergy and attenuation while reducing the recurrence rate of patients after drug withdrawal. Attention has been paid to the research on the treatment of viral hepatitis with traditional Chinese medicine， and great progress has been made in experimental research and clinical practice. In this paper， the research progress of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of viral hepatitis at home and abroad in recent five years was systematically reviewed. Modern research has confirmed that traditional Chinese medicine can play a role in the treatment of viral hepatitis by directly or indirectly inhibiting the virus， anti-inflammatory， anti-fibrosis， anti-oxidation， regulating immunity， regulating autophagy， and other signal pathways. In clinics， traditional Chinese medicine compound or combined with western medicine is often adopted to ameliorate the clinical symptoms of patients such as fatigue and loss of appetite， improve the immune mechanism of the body， enhance the antiviral ability， shorten the treatment course of patients and improve their quality of life. The research provides a reference for pharmacological research， clinical research， and new drug development for viral hepatitis.

Objective : To investigate the drug resistance and pathogenicity of six clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneu- moniae (Kp) ，and to provide a basis for prevention and treatment of Kp infection． Methods : The six strains from different hospitals were isolated ，cultured ，and identified by species-specific gene khe． Their whole genome se- quences (WGS) were obtained using next-generation sequencing technology (NGS) ．Based on the WGS，the cap- sular serotypes，sequence types (ST) and drug-resistance genes of six strains were identified．The capsular sero- type genes and virulence genes were validated or identified using PCR. Broth microdilution tests were conducted to validate their drug susceptibility，and mice were challenged with Kp aerosols by MicroSprayer aerosolizer to evaluate their pathogenicity. Results : The six strains were all serotype K2 but belonged to four ST types ( ST14 ，ST65， ST700，and ST86) ，and collectively carried six virulence genes and 23 drug-resistance genes．All the six strains were resistant to ampicillin，but only one strain was multidrug-resistant．Four strains exhibited high mucoid charac- teristics．Five strains could cause mortality in mice，which were preliminary identified as high virulence strains. Conclusion For the six Kp clinical isolates from different sources，only one strain named NY 13294 is both multi- drug-resistant and highly virulent，and other four highly virulent strains are resistant to one or two types of antibiot- ics.

OBJECTIVE To explore the effects and mechanism of Huayu qutan formula on atherosclerosis （AS） in ApoE－/－ mice. METHODS Thirty ApoE－/－ mice were randomly divided into model group， Huayu qutan formula group [20 g/（kg·d）]， rosuvastatin group [1.55 mg/（kg·d）]， with 10 mice in each group. Another 10 C57BL/6J mice were selected as normal control group. ApoE－/－ mice were given high-lipid diet for 12 weeks to induce AS model. After modeling， each group was given relevant medicine or normal saline intragastrically， once a day， for 4 consecutive weeks. After the last administration， the levels of total cholesterol （TC）， triglycerides （TG）， low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C）， high-density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL- C）， 5，6-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid （5，　6-EET）， 8，9-EET， 11，12-EET， 14，15-EET， interleukin-1β （IL-1β） and IL-18 in serum were detected； mRNA expressions of inhibitor of nuclear factor κB （IκB）， nuclear factor κB （NF-κB）， NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 （NLRP3）， Caspase-1， IL-1β and IL-18 in the aortic tissue of mice were detected； protein expression levels of IκB， NF- κB， NLRP3， apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing CARD （ASC）， Caspase-1， gasdermin D （GSDMD）， IL-1β and IL-18 in the aortic tissue of mice were detected. The morphological changes of the aortic tissue were observed. RESULTS Compared with model group， the serum levels of TC， TG， LDL-C， IL-1β and IL-18， the mRNA expressions of IκB， NF-κB， NLRP3， Caspase-1， IL-1β and IL-18 in aortic tissue， and the protein expressions of IκB， NF-κB， NLRP3， ASC， Caspase-1， GSDMD， IL-1β and IL-18 were all decreased significantly in Huayu qutan formula group and rosuvastatin group （P＜0.05）， while the serum levels of 5，6-EET， 8，9-EET， 11，12-EET and 14，15-EET were increased significantly （P＜0.05）. The aortic atherosclerotic plaques were alleviated significantly. CONCLUSIONS Huayu qutan formula can play role of anti-AS through EETs-mediated pyroptosis.

By consulting the relevant literature and historical herbal literature,the name,origin and harvesting,efficacy and indications,as well as nature,taste,and meridians of Bunge pricklyash seed were reviewed."Jiaomu"as a medicinal herb name was first recorded in the"Compendium of Materia Medica Annotations",and later generations also used"Jiaomu"as a proper name.Bunge pricklyash seeds are the seeds of the Rutaceae plant Sichuan Bunge pricklyash seed or green Bunge pricklyash seed.They are harvested when they mature in autumn from August to October,and can be processed by net,stir-frying or salt.It can promote diuresis and reduce swelling,treat kidney deficiency and tinnitus,and is mainly used to treat bloating in the abdomen.It is non-toxic or slightly toxic.This article traced the origin of Bunge pricklyash seed,studied the history of medicine,clarified the original traditional Chinese medicine properties of Bunge pricklyash seed,and provided scientific basis for the correct clinical use and the national formulation of quality standards for this herb.

Objective:To explore the value of CO 2 laser therapy, photodynamic therapy, and follow-up observation in the management of cervical low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL). Methods:Women diagnosed with cervical LSIL and high risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection through colposcopy-guided biopsy from January 1, 2021 to December 31, 2023 were collected. According to a 1∶1 ratio, 107 cases were included in each of the laser treatment, photodynamic therapy, and follow-up groups. The complete remission rate and HR-HPV clearance rate were compared during the 6-12 months follow-up period.Results:(1) Comparison of clinical data among the three groups before treatment: the median age of the 321 patients was (34.9±8.1) years. Before treatment, cytological abnormalities were present in 51.7% (166/321) of patients, and 35.2% (113/321) had human papillomavirus (HPV) 16/18 infections. The accuracy rate of colposcopic diagnosis was 69.2% (222/321). Age, cytology results, HPV 16/18 infection, and colposcopy diagnosis in the laser group, photodynamic group, and follow-up group were compared, and there were not statistically significant differences (all P>0.05). (2) During the 6-12 months follow-up period, the complete remission rate was 89.7% (96/107) in the laser group, slightly higher than the 86.9% (93/107) in the photodynamic group, with no statistical difference between the two groups ( χ2=0.41, P=0.523). However, both were significantly higher than the 64.5% (69/107) in the follow-up group ( χ2=19.30, P<0.001; χ2=14.63, P<0.001). The HR-HPV clearance rates in the laser and photodynamic groups were 73.8% (79/107) and 68.2% (73/107), respectively, both significantly higher than the 32.7% (35/107) in the follow-up group ( χ2=36.34, P<0.001; χ2=26.99, P<0.001), but with no statistical difference between the laser and photodynamic groups ( χ2=0.82, P=0.366). Conclusions:CO 2 laser therapy and photodynamic therapy are effective treatments for cervical LSIL, significantly superior to follow-up observation in terms of lesion remission and HR-HPV clearance rates. Individualized treatment plans could be developed based on the patient′s age, duration of HR-HPV infection, colposcopic impression, and economic conditions.

AIM To investigate the effects of Moluodan Dami Pills on chronic atrophic gastritis(CAG)rats and their mechanism.METHODS The rat models were randomly divided into the model group,the low-dose group and high-dose Moluodan Dami Pills groups(2.43 g/kg and 4.86 g/kg),and vitamin A group(0.32 g/kg),following the 16 weeks successful induction of CAG by five-factor modeling method,in contrast to another 10 normal rats of the control group.After 8 weeks corresponding administration,the rats of each group had their general physiological status and pH value of gastric juice assessed;their pathological changes of gastric mucosa observed by naked eyes combined with HE staining;their changes of gastrin-secreting cells(G cells)and somatostatin-secreting cells(D cells)in gastric mucosa observed by immunohistochemistry;and their serum levels of pepsinogen Ⅰ/pepsinogen Ⅱ(PG Ⅰ/PG Ⅱ)ratio,TNF-α and IL-6 detected by ELISA.RESULTS Compared with the model group,the groups intervened with Moluodan Damei Pills and vitamin A displayed lower pH values of gastric juice(P＜0.05),improved pathological changes of gastric mucosa,increased G and D cells counts(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),increased ratio of serum PGⅠ/PGⅡ,and decreased levels of IL-6 and TNF-α(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).CONCLUSION Moluodan Dami Pills can effectively improve the symptoms of CAG rats through its influence on the number and secretion abilityof G and D cells,the levels of serum PG Ⅰ/PG Ⅱ ratio and inflammatory factors.

Immunoscenescence plays a key role in the initiation and development of tumors. Furthermore, immunoscenescence also impacts drug delivery and cancer therapeutic efficacy. To reduce the impact of immunosenescence on anti-tumor therapy, this experimental plan aimed to use neutrophils with tumor tropism properties to deliver sialic acid (SA)-modified liposomes into the tumor, kill tumor cells via SA-mediated photochemotherapy, enhance infiltration of neutrophils into the tumor, induce immunogenic death of tumor cells with chemotherapy, enhance infiltration of CD8⁺ T cells into the tumor-draining lymph nodes and tumors of immunosenescent mice, and achieve SA-mediated photochemotherapy. We found that CD8⁺ T cell and neutrophil levels in 16-month-old mice were significantly lower than those in 2- and 8-month-old mice; 16-month-old mice exhibited immunosenescence. The anti-tumor efficacy of SA-mediated non-photochemotherapy declined in 16-month-old mice, and tumors recurred after scabbing. SA-mediated photochemotherapy enhanced tumor infiltration by CD8⁺ T cells and neutrophils, induced crusting and regression of tumors in 8-month-old mice, inhibited metastasis and recurrence of tumors and eliminated the immunosenescence-induced decline in antitumor therapeutic efficacy in 16-month-old mice via the light-heat-chemical-immunity conversion.

Oxidative Phosphorylation ; Acetylglucosamine ; Uridine Diphosphate N-Acetylglucosamine/metabolism*