ObjectiveThe exacerbating trend of global population aging poses profound socioeconomic and public health challenges, making the comprehensive elucidation of biological aging mechanisms and the discovery of effective anti-aging interventions an urgent priority in the life sciences. Based on our previous serum metabolomics findings that dimethylglycine, an intermediate metabolite of amino acid metabolism naturally present in the human body, was significantly enriched in the serum of longevity families, this study aimed to systematically investigate the anti-aging effects of dimethylglycine both in living organisms and in controlled laboratory environments, and to preliminarily elucidate its underlying molecular mechanisms. While existing literature indicates that dimethylglycine possesses antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties, its direct anti-aging efficacy and the specific molecular pathways through which it operates remain largely unexplored. MethodsTo comprehensively evaluate the anti-aging properties of dimethylglycine, we utilized replicative senescent human embryonic lung fibroblasts, specifically the WI-38 cell line, as an experimental model in a controlled laboratory environment. Cell viability and safety were thoroughly assessed using Cell Counting Kit-8 and lactate dehydrogenase release assays across various concentrations of dimethylglycine. The impact of dimethylglycine on cellular senescence phenotypes, oxidative stress, and proliferative capacity was evaluated via senescence-associated beta-galactosidase staining, reactive oxygen species fluorescence detection, and 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine incorporation assays. Furthermore, the molecular alterations of senescence-associated secretory phenotype factors and core senescence signaling pathways were quantified using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for the messenger RNA levels of interleukin-6, interleukin-8, p21, and matrix metalloproteinase-1, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the measurement of p16 and p21 protein expression levels. For the living organism model, the wild-type nematode Caenorhabditis elegans was used to evaluate systemic physiological effects. We conducted a comprehensive lifespan analysis at 20°C, heat stress resistance survival assays at 35℃, senescence-associated beta-galactosidase staining, lipofuscin accumulation tracking, intracellular reactive oxygen species measurement, and Oil Red O staining to ascertain systemic lipid accumulation. Additionally, network pharmacology bioinformatics tools, including PharmMapper and STRING databases, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis were utilized to predict target pathways, alongside highly detailed molecular docking simulations utilizing SwissDock and Protein-Ligand Interaction Profiler to examine interactions with the cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 9 protein. ResultsThe experimental outcomes robustly demonstrate the potent anti-aging capabilities of dimethylglycine. At the cellular level, toxicity analyses firmly confirmed that dimethylglycine is highly safe; continuous treatment with 50 mol/L and 70 mol/L of dimethylglycine for 5 d did not induce any cellular membrane damage or cytotoxicity, but rather actively promoted cellular proliferation. Utilizing the optimal standardized concentration of 50 mol/L, dimethylglycine treatment significantly ameliorated senescent phenotypic markers in human embryonic lung fibroblasts, which was evidenced by a drastic and highly significant reduction in the senescence-associated beta-galactosidase positive cell percentage (P<0.000 1) and intracellular reactive oxygen species levels (P<0.000 1), alongside a marked increase in the 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine-positive proliferation rate (P=0.003 5). On a molecular expression scale, dimethylglycine significantly downregulated the messenger RNA expression of multiple core senescence-associated secretory phenotype inflammatory factors, including interleukin-6, interleukin-8, p21, and matrix metalloproteinase-1. Concurrently, it effectively suppressed the protein expression of critical cell cycle arrest markers, diminishing p16 protein levels by 57.3% (P=0.000 4) and p21 protein levels by 27.2% (P=0.000 7). In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans animal model, dimethylglycine significantly extended the mean lifespan from 20.402 d to an impressive 23.066 d (P<0.000 1) and notably enhanced overall survival rates under severe heat stress environmental conditions (P=0.017). Furthermore, systemic dimethylglycine intervention significantly mitigated age-related physiological decline by decreasing bodily lipofuscin accumulation (P<0.000 1), significantly reducing senescence-associated beta-galactosidase activity, lowering systemic reactive oxygen species fluorescence (P=0.008), and effectively alleviating overall fat accumulation (P<0.000 1). Mechanistically, extensive network pharmacology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses strongly revealed that the potential targets of dimethylglycine are significantly enriched in fundamental drug metabolism and oxidative stress response pathways. Precision molecular docking simulations conclusively demonstrated that dimethylglycine forms highly stable structural interactions with the cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 9 protein, specifically highlighting the definitive formation of 5 stable hydrogen bonds involving serine 365, leucine 366, and serine 429 residues, as well as two critical salt bridge formations with arginine 97 and histidine 368 residues. It is additionally predicted to interact favorably with glutathione S-transferase family proteins. ConclusionDimethylglycine exhibits a profoundly significant and multifaceted anti-aging activity at both the cellular and entire living animal levels. By powerfully alleviating oxidative stress, heavily suppressing the core p16 and p21-dependent cellular senescence signaling pathways, and substantially mitigating the detrimental senescence-associated secretory phenotype, dimethylglycine effectively delays fundamental cellular senescence processes and drastically extends whole-organism lifespan. The biological mechanisms driving these robust protective effects are highly likely closely associated with its direct stable interactions with crucial metabolic and detoxifying enzyme systems, such as cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 9 and glutathione S-transferase family proteins, thereby systemically improving metabolic dysregulation and restoring critical redox homeostasis. This comprehensive study provides highly solid experimental evidence supporting dimethylglycine as a highly potent and safe potential anti-aging intervention agent, while simultaneously offering a clear molecular mechanistic explanation for the previously documented high abundance of dimethylglycine observed within exceptionally long-lived human populations.

Sichuan Province is a hilly schistosomiasis-endemic province in China with the highest endemicity and largest coverage. During the period of more than 70 years of integrated control, there are five distinct phases of schistosomiasis control in Sichuan Province, including baseline investigation, Oncomelania hupensis snail control, chemotherapy for both humans and livestock, management of source of Schistosoma japonicum infections, and sustained control and intensified surveillance and early warning, and a package of key interventions are implemented, including environmental modification, snail control with chemical treatment, large-scale chemotherapy for humans and livestock, management of source of S. japonicum infections, intensified integrated control, establishment of an early warning and surveillance system. As a result, schistosomiasis has been eliminated across all 63 disease-endemic counties (cities, districts) in Sichuan Province by June 2025. Government-led multi-sectoral collaborations, science and technology-supported precision control strategies, and a sustainable control model tailored to the ecological and socio-economic conditions in endemic regions are essential to achieving the target of schistosomiasis elimination in Sichuan Province.

This paper systematically analyzes schistosomiasis transmission risks during the elimination stage and reviews the evolution of the schistosomiasis surveillance system in China from a One Health perspective, with a special emphasis on schistosomiasis surveillance and response practices during the elimination stage from a One Health perspective. These practices include precise screening of human schistosomiasis under low-endemicity conditions, systematic monitoring of schistosomiasis in domestic and wild animals, ecological management of Oncomelania snails, and information-coordinated responses. Nevertheless, the current surveillance and response system for schistosomiasis suffers from challenges of insufficient cross-sectoral coordination and complex external environments, which constrain precise schistosomiasis surveillance and response in China. Therefore, it is urgently necessary to integrate coordination mechanisms, empower the surveillance system with technological innovation, improve capacity building, and actively promote diverse social participation in the One Health framework, so as to consolidate current schistosomiasis control achievements and achieve the target for schistosomiasis elimination across China, which may provide a replicable technical model for global zoonoses control.

Aim To explore the mechanism of ligustil-ide(LIG)improving demyelination by inhibiting in-flammatory response in mice with distal middle cerebral artery occlusion(dMCAO)through AIM2/caspase-1 signal pathway.Methods Thirty C57BL/6N male mice were randomly divided into three groups:sham operation group(Sham group,n=10),model group(dMCAO group,n=10)and treatment group(LIG group,n=10).The dMCAO mouse model was estab-lished by electrocoagulation in dMCAO group and LIG group.The mice were scored by Longa after waking up,and the changes of cerebral blood flow were moni-tored by laser speckle blood flow imaging system after dMCAO.One hour after modeling,LIG(30 mg·kg-1·d-1)was injected intraperitoneally in LIG group,and the same amount of normal saline was injected in sham group and dMCAO group for one week until the end of the experiment.The mice in each group were stained with TTC,and the brain injury was observed pathologically.Fatigue turning bar test and open field test were used to evaluate the motor function and anxie-ty degree of mice,and then the brain tissues of mice were taken for black gold staining to compare the chan-ges of myelin sheath in each group.Immunofluores-cence staining was used to detect the average fluores-cence intensity of MBP,IBA1 and GFAP in CC,CPU and CX regions of mouse brains.ELISAwas used to de-tect the contents of TNF-α,IL-6,IL-1 β,IL-17A and BDNF in brain tissue proteins of mice.Western blot-ting was used to detect the protein expressions of AIM2,caspase-1 and ASC-in each group.Results Compared with the dMCAO group,the infarct area was reduced,the behavior was significantly improved and the demyelination was reduced in the LIG group.The expression of MBP protein in CC,CPU and CX regions increased(P＜0.05),the expression of IBA1 in CX decreased(P＜0.01),and the expression of GFAP in-creased in CC,CPU and CX regions(P＜0.01).The results of ELISA showed that the levels ofTNF-α(P＜0.01),IL-6(P＜0.01),IL-1β(P＜0.05)and IL-17A(P＜0.01)significantly decreased,while the ex-pression of BDNF increased(P＜0.05).The protein expression levels of AIM2,caspase-1 and ASC in mouse brain decreased after treatment(P＜0.01).Conclusion LIG has a protective effect on demyelina-tion in dMCAO mice,which may be related to the inhi-bition of AIM2/caspase-1 signaling pathway and in-flammation and to the promotion of BDNF secretion.

Objective:To compare the embryo development potential and clinical outcomes between the patients with and without oocyte degeneration.Methods:This retrospective cohort study included a total of 242 cycles underwent ICSI that cultured in time-lapse incubator from January 2019 to June 2023 at the Reproductive and Genetic Center of Suzhou Municipal Hospital and all 3 119 oocytes were evaluated. Data collection continued to February 5th,2024 until the last birthing of the study. Patients were divided into degenerated group (140 cycles) and control group (102 cycles) according to whether oocyte degenerated after ICSI. Then the embryo developmental potential and clinical outcomes were compared. Furthermore, we also investigated whether embryo morphokinetics could be different between the two groups.Results:Female age, duration of infertility, body mass index, basal follicle sitmulating hormone, basal luteinizing hormone, basal estrogen (E 2), antral follicle count, anti-Müllerian hormone, factors of infertility and source of semen were similar between the two groups ( P>0.05). E 2 on human chorionic gonadotropin triggered day [2 513.00 (1 842.20, 3 638.50) ng/L], number of oocytes retrieved (13.56±4.80) and oocyte maturation rate [84.35% (1 601/1 898)] were significantly higher in degenerated group than those in control group [2 270.50 (1 472.00, 3 044.20) ng/L, P=0.019; 11.97±4.71, P=0.011; 81.08% (990/1 221), P=0.017], while normal fertilization rate [69.33% (1 103/1 591)], day 3 (D3) good-quality embryos [57.85% (634/1 096)], blastocyst formation rate [50.87% (469/922)] and embryo utilized rate [58.30% (643/1 103)] were significantly lower in degenerated group than those in control group [85.56% (847/990), P<0.001; 65.72% (556/846), P<0.001; 61.26% (446/728), P<0.001; 66.12% (560/847), P<0.001] . In addition, the proportion of low cell number (<7) of D3 embryos [33.76% (370/1 096)] and high fragmentation (fragmentation ≥50%, fragmentation 20%-50%) of D3 embryos [10.01% (109/1 089), 18.64% (203/1 089)] in degenerated group were significantly higher than those in control group [27.19% (230/846), P=0.002; 6.06% (51/841), P=0.002; 14.15% (119/841), P=0.009], and so were the incidence of DC1 and CC [5.98% (66/1 103) vs. 2.48% (21/847), P<0.001; 2.45% (27/1 103) vs. 0.94% (8/847), P=0.013]. As regard to the utilized embryos, there were no significant differences in t5, cc2, cc3 and s2 ( P>0.05), but tPNf [22.82(21.13, 24.84) h], t2 [25.37 (23.62, 27.37) h], t3 [35.64 (33.10, 38.03) h] and t4 [36.85 (34.70, 39.52) h] in degenerated group were significantly earlier than those in control group [23.04 (21.76, 25.41) h, P=0.001; 25.91 (24.15, 28.05) h, P=0.001; 36.16 (33.11, 38.81) h, P=0.040; 37.39 (35.11, 40.27) h, P=0.026]. Further more, after the first transfer of fresh or frozen embryos, there were no significant differences in clinical pregnancy rate, implantation rate, early abortion rate, live birth rate, sex ratio, preterm birth rate, low birth weight rate and birth defect rate between the two groups (all P>0.05). ICSI degeneration was not an independent factor of implantation rate, early abortion rate and live birth rate after ICSI treatment, but number of embryos transferred was an independent factor of implantation rate and live birth rate after ICSI treatment ( OR=2.806, 95% CI: 1.179-6.677, P=0.020; OR=2.622, 95% CI: 1.129-6.090, P=0.025). Conclusion:The presence of oocyte degeneration after ICSI may affect the overall developmental potential of its sibling oocytes and may also disturb the morphokinetics of the embyos, however the pregnancy outcomes and neonatal birth outcomes may not be affected if transfer the best embryo in the first fresh or frozen cycle.

Objective:To sinicize the adolescent personality structure questionnaire(APS-Q), and to examine the psychometric properties of APS-Q among Chinese adolescents.Methods:APS-Q was sinicized and the Chinese version of APS-Q was used for investigation.A sample of 1 207 adolescents were investigated firstly and randomly divided into sample 1 ( n1=590) and sample 2 ( n2=617) for exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis, respectively. Moreover, the sample 3 ( n3=420) was collected to conduct confirmatory factor analysis for the second time.Sample 4( n4=83) was used to assess the test-retest reliability of APS-Q. The Chinese big five personality inventory-15 (CBF-PI-15), generalized anxiety disorder-7 (GAD-7) and patient health questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) were used as criterion tools. Both SPSS 21.0 and Mplus 7.4 software were used for the data analysis. Results:Item analysis showed that the CITCs for items 27, 31 and 35 were low.Exploratory factor analysis suggested that after deleting items 3, 4, 21, 22, 24, 25, 26, 27, 31 and 35, the revised APS-Q was consisted with 25 items, covering 6 dimensions, which were investment and goals, aggression, sense of self, relationship with family, relationship with friends, and self-acceptance, respectively. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the six-factor model fitted well (sample 2: χ2/ df=1.94, RMSEA=0.04, CFI=0.94, TLI=0.93, and SRMR=0.05; sample 3: χ2/ df=2.12, RMSEA=0.05, CFI=0.95, TLI=0.92, and SRMR=0.06). Multigroup CFA indicated that the six-factor structure of APS-Q had strict measurement invariance across sex. The scores of APS-Q were significantly correlated with big five personality, depression, and anxiety(all P<0.05). The total score of APS-Q demonstrated satisfactory internal consistency (α=0.90, ω=0.90, split-half reliability=0.82, MIC=0.27) and test-retest reliability ( r=0.84), while the subscale scores of APS-Q showed acceptable internal consistencies (α=0.71-0.82, ω=0.72-0.82, split-half reliabilities=0.60-0.79, MIC=0.36-0.52) and test-retest coefficients ( r=0.66-0.77). Conclusion:The Chinese version of APS-Q can be used as a reliable and valid measurement to assess personality function for Chinese adolescents.

Objective:To compare the embryo development potential and clinical outcomes between the patients with and without oocyte degeneration.Methods:This retrospective cohort study included a total of 242 cycles underwent ICSI that cultured in time-lapse incubator from January 2019 to June 2023 at the Reproductive and Genetic Center of Suzhou Municipal Hospital and all 3 119 oocytes were evaluated. Data collection continued to February 5th,2024 until the last birthing of the study. Patients were divided into degenerated group (140 cycles) and control group (102 cycles) according to whether oocyte degenerated after ICSI. Then the embryo developmental potential and clinical outcomes were compared. Furthermore, we also investigated whether embryo morphokinetics could be different between the two groups.Results:Female age, duration of infertility, body mass index, basal follicle sitmulating hormone, basal luteinizing hormone, basal estrogen (E 2), antral follicle count, anti-Müllerian hormone, factors of infertility and source of semen were similar between the two groups ( P>0.05). E 2 on human chorionic gonadotropin triggered day [2 513.00 (1 842.20, 3 638.50) ng/L], number of oocytes retrieved (13.56±4.80) and oocyte maturation rate [84.35% (1 601/1 898)] were significantly higher in degenerated group than those in control group [2 270.50 (1 472.00, 3 044.20) ng/L, P=0.019; 11.97±4.71, P=0.011; 81.08% (990/1 221), P=0.017], while normal fertilization rate [69.33% (1 103/1 591)], day 3 (D3) good-quality embryos [57.85% (634/1 096)], blastocyst formation rate [50.87% (469/922)] and embryo utilized rate [58.30% (643/1 103)] were significantly lower in degenerated group than those in control group [85.56% (847/990), P<0.001; 65.72% (556/846), P<0.001; 61.26% (446/728), P<0.001; 66.12% (560/847), P<0.001] . In addition, the proportion of low cell number (<7) of D3 embryos [33.76% (370/1 096)] and high fragmentation (fragmentation ≥50%, fragmentation 20%-50%) of D3 embryos [10.01% (109/1 089), 18.64% (203/1 089)] in degenerated group were significantly higher than those in control group [27.19% (230/846), P=0.002; 6.06% (51/841), P=0.002; 14.15% (119/841), P=0.009], and so were the incidence of DC1 and CC [5.98% (66/1 103) vs. 2.48% (21/847), P<0.001; 2.45% (27/1 103) vs. 0.94% (8/847), P=0.013]. As regard to the utilized embryos, there were no significant differences in t5, cc2, cc3 and s2 ( P>0.05), but tPNf [22.82(21.13, 24.84) h], t2 [25.37 (23.62, 27.37) h], t3 [35.64 (33.10, 38.03) h] and t4 [36.85 (34.70, 39.52) h] in degenerated group were significantly earlier than those in control group [23.04 (21.76, 25.41) h, P=0.001; 25.91 (24.15, 28.05) h, P=0.001; 36.16 (33.11, 38.81) h, P=0.040; 37.39 (35.11, 40.27) h, P=0.026]. Further more, after the first transfer of fresh or frozen embryos, there were no significant differences in clinical pregnancy rate, implantation rate, early abortion rate, live birth rate, sex ratio, preterm birth rate, low birth weight rate and birth defect rate between the two groups (all P>0.05). ICSI degeneration was not an independent factor of implantation rate, early abortion rate and live birth rate after ICSI treatment, but number of embryos transferred was an independent factor of implantation rate and live birth rate after ICSI treatment ( OR=2.806, 95% CI: 1.179-6.677, P=0.020; OR=2.622, 95% CI: 1.129-6.090, P=0.025). Conclusion:The presence of oocyte degeneration after ICSI may affect the overall developmental potential of its sibling oocytes and may also disturb the morphokinetics of the embyos, however the pregnancy outcomes and neonatal birth outcomes may not be affected if transfer the best embryo in the first fresh or frozen cycle.

Aim To explore the mechanism of ligustil-ide(LIG)improving demyelination by inhibiting in-flammatory response in mice with distal middle cerebral artery occlusion(dMCAO)through AIM2/caspase-1 signal pathway.Methods Thirty C57BL/6N male mice were randomly divided into three groups:sham operation group(Sham group,n=10),model group(dMCAO group,n=10)and treatment group(LIG group,n=10).The dMCAO mouse model was estab-lished by electrocoagulation in dMCAO group and LIG group.The mice were scored by Longa after waking up,and the changes of cerebral blood flow were moni-tored by laser speckle blood flow imaging system after dMCAO.One hour after modeling,LIG(30 mg·kg-1·d-1)was injected intraperitoneally in LIG group,and the same amount of normal saline was injected in sham group and dMCAO group for one week until the end of the experiment.The mice in each group were stained with TTC,and the brain injury was observed pathologically.Fatigue turning bar test and open field test were used to evaluate the motor function and anxie-ty degree of mice,and then the brain tissues of mice were taken for black gold staining to compare the chan-ges of myelin sheath in each group.Immunofluores-cence staining was used to detect the average fluores-cence intensity of MBP,IBA1 and GFAP in CC,CPU and CX regions of mouse brains.ELISAwas used to de-tect the contents of TNF-α,IL-6,IL-1 β,IL-17A and BDNF in brain tissue proteins of mice.Western blot-ting was used to detect the protein expressions of AIM2,caspase-1 and ASC-in each group.Results Compared with the dMCAO group,the infarct area was reduced,the behavior was significantly improved and the demyelination was reduced in the LIG group.The expression of MBP protein in CC,CPU and CX regions increased(P＜0.05),the expression of IBA1 in CX decreased(P＜0.01),and the expression of GFAP in-creased in CC,CPU and CX regions(P＜0.01).The results of ELISA showed that the levels ofTNF-α(P＜0.01),IL-6(P＜0.01),IL-1β(P＜0.05)and IL-17A(P＜0.01)significantly decreased,while the ex-pression of BDNF increased(P＜0.05).The protein expression levels of AIM2,caspase-1 and ASC in mouse brain decreased after treatment(P＜0.01).Conclusion LIG has a protective effect on demyelina-tion in dMCAO mice,which may be related to the inhi-bition of AIM2/caspase-1 signaling pathway and in-flammation and to the promotion of BDNF secretion.

Objective:To sinicize the adolescent personality structure questionnaire(APS-Q), and to examine the psychometric properties of APS-Q among Chinese adolescents.Methods:APS-Q was sinicized and the Chinese version of APS-Q was used for investigation.A sample of 1 207 adolescents were investigated firstly and randomly divided into sample 1 ( n1=590) and sample 2 ( n2=617) for exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis, respectively. Moreover, the sample 3 ( n3=420) was collected to conduct confirmatory factor analysis for the second time.Sample 4( n4=83) was used to assess the test-retest reliability of APS-Q. The Chinese big five personality inventory-15 (CBF-PI-15), generalized anxiety disorder-7 (GAD-7) and patient health questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) were used as criterion tools. Both SPSS 21.0 and Mplus 7.4 software were used for the data analysis. Results:Item analysis showed that the CITCs for items 27, 31 and 35 were low.Exploratory factor analysis suggested that after deleting items 3, 4, 21, 22, 24, 25, 26, 27, 31 and 35, the revised APS-Q was consisted with 25 items, covering 6 dimensions, which were investment and goals, aggression, sense of self, relationship with family, relationship with friends, and self-acceptance, respectively. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the six-factor model fitted well (sample 2: χ2/ df=1.94, RMSEA=0.04, CFI=0.94, TLI=0.93, and SRMR=0.05; sample 3: χ2/ df=2.12, RMSEA=0.05, CFI=0.95, TLI=0.92, and SRMR=0.06). Multigroup CFA indicated that the six-factor structure of APS-Q had strict measurement invariance across sex. The scores of APS-Q were significantly correlated with big five personality, depression, and anxiety(all P<0.05). The total score of APS-Q demonstrated satisfactory internal consistency (α=0.90, ω=0.90, split-half reliability=0.82, MIC=0.27) and test-retest reliability ( r=0.84), while the subscale scores of APS-Q showed acceptable internal consistencies (α=0.71-0.82, ω=0.72-0.82, split-half reliabilities=0.60-0.79, MIC=0.36-0.52) and test-retest coefficients ( r=0.66-0.77). Conclusion:The Chinese version of APS-Q can be used as a reliable and valid measurement to assess personality function for Chinese adolescents.

Objective:To investigation the situation of water improvement projects in villages affected by drinking water-type endemic fluorosis in Qinghai Province and the prevalence of dental fluorosis among children, in order to provide a basis for consolidating the achievements in prevention and control of drinking water-type endemic fluorosis and adjusting prevention and control measures.Methods:The monitoring data on drinking water-type endemic fluorosis were collected from the disease prevention and control centers in various counties of Qinghai Province from 2021 to 2023, the situation of water improvement projects, the fluorine content of domestic drinking water and the prevalence of dental fluorosis in children aged 8 to 12 years old were retrospectively analyzed.Results:From 2021 to 2023, the numbers of villages affected by drinking water-type endemic fluorosis in Qinghai Province were 338, 335, and 328, respectively. The numbers of water improvement projects were 125, 127 and 124, respectively. The normal operation rates were 100%, 100% and 99.19% (123/124), respectively. The qualified rates of water fluoride level were 100%, 99.21% (126/127) and 99.19% (123/124), respectively. The detection rates of dental fluorosis among children aged 8 to 12 were 4.34% (515/11 877), 5.70% (646/11 331) and 4.48% (490/10 943), respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in the detection rate of dental fluorosis among children in different years (χ 2 = 22.79, P < 0.001). Conclusions:The overall operation status of water improvement project in villages affected by drinking water-type endemic fluorosis in Qinghai Province is generally good, but there has been some relaxation in management and maintenance in the later stage, and there is a phenomenon of project intermittency. The detection rate of dental fluorosis among children aged 8 to 12 remains low, and endemic fluorosis caused by drinking water is under continuous control.