Objective This study aimed to comprehensively survey the tick distribution in the natural scenic belts of various counties and districts in Huai'an City, Jiangsu Province, and to provide guidance on tick control measures. Methods From 2023 to 2024, questing ticks in 29 natural scenic belts spanning seven counties and districts of Huai'an City were collected using hand-scratching method. Further, parasitic ticks in the surrounding areas were collected using the animal search method. Collected ticks were subsequently identified to the species level in the laboratory. Results In total, 288 questing ticks were collected, all belonging to the genus Haemaphysalis of family Ixodidae. Hae. longicornis was the dominant species, accounting for 98.61%, followed by Hae. flava(1.04%)and Hae. phasiana(0.35%). The average tick density index in Lotus Lake Scenic Area(Jinhu County), All-People Fitness Theme Park(Lianshui County), Peach Blossom Valley(Qingjiangpu District), Huai'an Forest Park(Huai'an District), Qizu of Gaozhuang Village(Hongze District), Ancient Yellow River Sports Park(Huaiyin District), Putao Trench and(Xuyi County)was 0.022, 0.025, 0.01, 0.10,0.22,0.28, and 0.79 ticks/flag·100 m, respectively. In total,114 parasitic ticks were collected at the monitoring sites, with an average tick infestation rate of 69.25% in sheep and 100% in dogs at Tianquanhu Town in Xuyi County; all of these were Hae. longicornis. All parasitic ticks were from Xuyi County, and no parasitic ticks were found at the monitoring sites in Huai'an District, Hongze District, and Lianshui County. Conclusions Overall, with the advancement of eco-tourism resorts and urban greening construction in Huai'an City, the presence of ticks was confirmed by this study in previously unsurveyed areas. As the frequency of human-animal interactions increases in these areas, the potential risk of tick-borne diseases also rises. Furthermore, this study provides important clues for subsequent investigations into local tick-borne pathogens.

Objectives To understand the quality status of disinfection products in the market in Shaanxi Province, and to provide a basis for taking targeted management measures. Methods From 2020 to 2023, in accordance with the national disinfection product management regulations and standards, the physicochemical and microbial tests of disinfection products in Shaanxi Province were carried out through supervised sampling, and the test results were analyzed according to the active ingredients, illegal addition, stability, and bactericidal or bacteriostatic performance. Results The overall qualification rate of the active ingredient content of disinfectants sampled in Shaanxi Province was 90.48%, with the lowest qualification rate in 2023 (84.38%). The overall qualification rate of quantitative sterilization test of disinfectants was 90.12%, showing a decreasing trend year by year (P=0.272). The overall qualification rate of anti-bacterial products was 88.59%, and the bactericidal test results of 20 antibacterial products were all qualified. The overall qualification rate of bacteriostatic performance testing for bacteriostatic products was 86.17%, with the pass rate of bacteriostatic product germicidal efficacy testing of different components in descending order being quaternary ammonium salt/silver ion > guanidine > others > lysozyme, and there was statistically significant difference (P=0.004). The detection rate of illegal additives in antimicrobial products was 7.07%, with the main detection indicators being miconazole nitrate, clobetasol propionate, and dexamethasone acetate. Conclusion The qualified rate of disinfection products in Shaanxi Province is relatively high, but there is a downward trend. It is necessary to continue to strengthen the daily supervision and product testing of disinfection product manufacturers, and promote the continuous improvement of disinfection product quality.

Objective To investigate the effect of enteral nutritional support beginning at different time on aspiration events and immune function in the early post-traumatic (within 14 days) period in patients with severe traumatic brain injury.Methods From June, 2018, to February, 2021, 75 patients with acute traumatic brain injury admitted in the Department of Neurosurgery of the Second People&#39;s Hospital of Lianyungang were randomly divided into early feeding group (24 to 48 hours, n=35) and delayed feeding group (48 to 120 hours, n=40). The 14-day reflux rate, aspiration rate, incidence of aspiration pneumonia, immune indexes and complications were compared between two groups.Results There was no significant difference in the reflux rate, aspiration rate and the incidence of aspiration pneumonia between the two groups (P > 0.05). The levels of IgG, IgA, and complements C3 and C4 were significantly higher in the early feeding group than in the delayed feeding group (|t| > 1.720, P<0.001). The incidence of non-aspiratory lung infections was significantly lower in the early feeding group than in the delayed feeding group (χ2=4.728, P<0.05).Conclusion Initiating enteral nutrition within 24 to 48 hours after injury may preserve immune function and reduce the incidence of non-aspiratory lung infections in patients with severe traumatic brain injury.

AIM:To study the distribution, drug resistance and epidemic characteristics of pathogenic bacteria in neonatal eye infection in Cangnan County, Zhejiang Province from 2014 to 2018, and to provide the basis for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of clinical conditions.

METHODS: Totally 108 strains of pathogenic bacteria isolated from 294 eyes specimens from neonatal clinic from January 2014 to December 2018 were identified, common drug sensitivity test and epidemiological characteristics were summarized and analyzed.

RESULTS: The detection rate of pathogenic bacteria in 294 ocular secretions was 36.7%(108/294). The main flora included 48 strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis(44.4%), 16 strains of Staphylococcus aureus(14.8%), 24 cases of Escherichia coli(22.2%), 12 strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae(11.1%), 5 strains of Corynebacterium diphtheria(4.6%), 2 strains of Enterococcus(1.9%)and 1 case of Streptococcus (0.9%). The main pathogens are highly sensitive to amikacin and netilmicin, and are highly sensitive to jellithromycin and netilmicin. The activity of gentamicin is poor. It has good activity against quinolones.

CONCLUSION:Staphylococcus is the main pathogen of neonatal eye infection, and eye antibiotics commonly used in clinic have good antibacterial activity against all kinds of pathogenic bacteria.

Objective To evaluate and analyze the panel composition and conflict of interest management of clinical practice guidelines of rehabilitation.Methods Clinical practice guidelines of rehabilitation were systematically retrieved from PubMed, EMBASE, China Biology Medicine disc, CNKI, Wanfang Data and Medlive database, the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, National Guideline Clearinghouse, The Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network, World Health Organization (WHO) and Guidelines International Network until January 11, 2020. Two researchers independently screened and cross-checked the literatures, and extracted the basic information of included guidelines, including the title, formulating institution, published journol, as well as the expert group, the number of expert group, the specific division of labor and their discipline, affiliation and the geographic location, the statement and management of conflict of interest, types of conflicts of interest, and whether to accept fund and the source of the fund.Results A total of 84 guidelines were finally included, 17 domestic ones and 67 foreign ones, in which, 52 (61.9%) reported the expert panel; 22 (26.2%) reported the number of expert panel groups, 21 (25.0%) indicated the specific division of work among the members of the expert panel, 74 (88.1%) reported the names of the members of the expert panel, 47 (56.0%) reported the subjects and specialties of the panelists, 70 (83.3%) reported the affiliation and location of panelists, 14 (16.7%) mentioned the management of conflicts of interest, and 25 (29.8%) reported if there were conflicts of interest. Only five of the 16 funded guidelines stated that there was no conflict of interest between the funding and the development of the guidelines. Among them, the reporting rate of expert panel was significantly higher in foreign countries than in China (χ2 = 9.542, P < 0.01), the reporting rate of name of expert panel members and specific division of labor were higher in foreign countries than in China ( χ2 > 4.155, P < 0.05), and the reporting rate of conflict of interest management was also higher in foreign countries than in China ( P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in whether there was a conflict of interest, whether it was funded and the type of funding at home and abroad ( P > 0.05). Conclusion In gerenal, clinical practice guidelines of rehabilitation published at home and abroad are necessary to be improved in the reporting quality of expert group formulation and division of labor, conflict of interest reporting and management. It is proposed that future guideline developers should follow the WHO Handbook for Guideline Development, assign roles of experts, strengthen the management and reporting of conflicts of interest, and standarderize the development process and reporting of the guidelines.

Objective To analyze the contents of the recommendations of stroke clinical rehabilitation guidelines in order to provide advice for the development and implementation of stroke rehabilitation guidelines.Methods PubMed, EMBASE, CNKI, China Biology Medicine disc, Wanfang databases and guideline-related websites were retrieved from the date of establishment to January 2020, to collect stroke clinical rehabilitation guidelines. The main content, recommendations based on evidence, the type of evidences, and the scope of evidence classification had been explored based on World Health Organization Handbook for Guideline Development-2nd Edition.Results A total of twelve guidelines were included in this study, one in Chinese and eleven in English. They were from the United States (3 guidelines), United Kingdom (3 guidelines), Canada (3 guidelines), Australia (2 guidelines) and China (1 guidelines), and published from September, 2005 to February, 2019. Three articles (25.0%) used the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE) for quality evaluation, and two articles (16.7%) used Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) as the grading system. The recommendations covered the areas such as: cognitive dysfunction (4 dimensions) with a recommendation of cognitive function assessment at most (7 guidelines, 66.7%), language and swallowing dysfunction (5 dimensions) with a recommendation of swallowing-related complications at most (10 guidelines, 83.3%), motor dysfunction (6 dimensions) with a recommendation of spasm treatment at most (10 guidelines, 83.3%), and psychological and behavioral dysfunction (4 dimensions) with a recommendation for assessment or monitoring at most (6 guidelines, 50.0%). There were many recommendations in these areas, but the types of evidence were different, and observational studies and/or randomized controlled trials accounted for most.Conclusion There are different types of evidence and levels of recommendation strength. It is proposed for future guideline developers in stroke rehabilitation to follow World Health Organization Handbook for Guideline Development-2nd Edition to improve the quality and the overall implementation of the rehabilitation guidelines, and to improve the quality and safety of rehabilitation.

Objective To observe the effect of Kinesio taping combining with sling exercise therapy (SET) on the motor function for children with spastic hemiplegia. Methods From October, 2014 to April, 2016, 60 children with spastic hemiplegia of cerebral palsy were randomly divided into control group (n=20), SET group (n=20) and observation group (n=20), who accepted routine rehabilitation, routine rehabilitation+SET and routine rehabilitation+SET+Kinesio taping, respectively. They were assessed with Mallet Score, modified Ashworth Scale (MAS), Peabody Developmental Motor Scale-fine motor (PDMS-2FM) and Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM)-C zone before and three months after treatment. Results The Mallet Score and the scores of PDMS-2FM and GMFM-C improved in all the groups after treatment (t>2.074, P<0.05), and improved the most in the observation group (F>10.032, P<0.001). The score of MAS decreased in the observation group after treatment (t=4.767, P<0.001), and was the least among these groups (F=4.262, P<0.05). Conclusion Kinesio taping combining with SET can improve the motion in the children with spastic hemiplegia, and promote the development of both fine and gross motor function.