The gut microbiota is regarded as the "eighth organ" of the human body and plays a critical regulatory role in the occurrence and progression of various diseases. Ulcerative colitis （UC） is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease with a complex etiology and a tendency toward recurrent episodes. In recent years， studies have shown that gut microbiota dysbiosis plays a key role in its pathological processes. Meanwhile， an increasing number of studies have demonstrated that imbalances in the gut microbiota and abnormalities in its metabolites are closely associated with the development of atrial fibrillation （AF）. Although UC and AF belong to diseases of the digestive system and cardiovascular system， respectively， both exhibit systemic inflammatory characteristics and are often accompanied by gut microbiota dysregulation and abnormal metabolic products. However， systematic investigations into the mechanisms by which gut microbiota-derived metabolites act in these two diseases remain limited. Based on this， the present study adopts literature review and theoretical analysis methods， taking the "gut microbiota-gut-heart" axis as the entry point， to systematically summarize the signaling networks of three key classes of metabolites， i.e.， short-chain fatty acids （SCFAs）， bile acids （BAs）， and trimethylamine N-oxide （TMAO）， in the comorbidity mechanism of UC and AF. The findings indicate that these metabolites may activate key inflammatory pathways， such as NF-κB and NLRP3， thereby synergistically mediating intestinal barrier dysfunction and systemic inflammation and constructing a potential comorbidity network. On this basis， potential intervention strategies for the treatment of UC-AF comorbidity， including probiotic intervention and fecal microbiota transplantation， are further discussed. This study aims to provide new theoretical evidence and research perspectives for prevention and treatment strategies of cross-system diseases.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive malignant brain tumor in adults and is poorly controlled. Previous studies have shown that both macrophages and angiogenesis play significant roles in GBM progression, and co-targeting of CSF1R and VEGFR is likely to be an effective strategy for GBM treatment. Therefore, this study developed a novel and selective inhibitor of CSF1R and VEGFR, SYHA1813, possessing potent antitumor activity against GBM. SYHA1813 inhibited VEGFR and CSF1R kinase activities with high potency and selectivity and thus blocked the cell viability of HUVECs and macrophages and exhibited anti-angiogenetic effects both in vitro and in vivo. SYHA1813 also displayed potent in vivo antitumor activity against GBM in immune-competent and immune-deficient mouse models, including temozolomide (TMZ) insensitive tumors. Notably, SYHA1813 could penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and prolong the survival time of mice bearing intracranial GBM xenografts. Moreover, SYHA1813 treatment resulted in a synergistic antitumor efficacy in combination with the PD-1 antibody. As a clinical proof of concept, SYHA1813 achieved confirmed responses in patients with recurrent GBM in an ongoing first-in-human phase I trial. The data of this study support the rationale for an ongoing phase I clinical study (ChiCTR2100045380).

BACKGROUND: Lung cancer is the cancer with the highest mortality at home and abroad at present. The detection of lung nodules is a key step to reducing the mortality of lung cancer. Artificial intelligence-assisted diagnosis system presents as the state of the art in the area of nodule detection, differentiation between benign and malignant and diagnosis of invasive subtypes, however, a validation with clinical data is necessary for further application. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of artificial intelligence-assisted diagnosis system in predicting the invasive subtypes of early‑stage lung adenocarcinoma appearing as pulmonary nodules. METHODS: Clinical data of 223 patients with early-stage lung adenocarcinoma appearing as pulmonary nodules admitted to the Lanzhou University Second Hospital from January 1st, 2016 to December 31th, 2021 were retrospectively analyzed, which were divided into invasive adenocarcinoma group (n=170) and non-invasive adenocarcinoma group (n=53), and the non-invasive adenocarcinoma group was subdivided into minimally invasive adenocarcinoma group (n=31) and preinvasive lesions group (n=22). The malignant probability and imaging characteristics of each group were compared to analyze their predictive ability for the invasive subtypes of early-stage lung adenocarcinoma. The concordance between qualitative diagnostic results of artificial intelligence-assisted diagnosis of the invasive subtypes of early-stage lung adenocarcinoma and postoperative pathology was then analyzed. RESULTS: In different invasive subtypes of early-stage lung adenocarcinoma, the mean CT value of pulmonary nodules (P<0.001), diameter (P<0.001), volume (P<0.001), malignant probability (P<0.001), pleural retraction sign (P<0.001), lobulation (P<0.001), spiculation (P<0.001) were significantly different. At the same time, it was also found that with the increased invasiveness of different invasive subtypes of early-stage lung adenocarcinoma, the proportion of dominant signs of each group gradually increased. On the issue of binary classification, the sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve (AUC) values of the artificial intelligence-assisted diagnosis system for the qualitative diagnosis of invasive subtypes of early-stage lung adenocarcinoma were 81.76%, 92.45% and 0.871 respectively. On the issue of three classification, the accuracy, recall rate, F1 score, and AUC values of the artificial intelligence-assisted diagnosis system for the qualitative diagnosis of invasive subtypes of early-stage lung adenocarcinoma were 83.86%, 85.03%, 76.46% and 0.879 respectively. CONCLUSIONS Artificial intelligence-assisted diagnosis system could predict the invasive subtypes of early‑stage lung adenocarcinoma appearing as pulmonary nodules, and has a certain predictive value. With the optimization of algorithms and the improvement of data, it may provide guidance for individualized treatment of patients.
Adenocarcinoma/pathology* ; Adenocarcinoma of Lung/pathology* ; Artificial Intelligence ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms/pathology* ; Multiple Pulmonary Nodules ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Retrospective Studies

Objective:To analyze and compare the clinical characteristics and prognosis of imported patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Omicron variants and Delta variants, so as to provide references for clinical diagnosis, treatment and epidemic prevention strategies.Methods:The patients with imported 2019-nCoV infection from August 1, 2021 to January 18, 2022 in Guangzhou Eighth People′s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University were retrospectively analyzed. According to the whole genome sequencing of 2019-nCoV in nasal or throat swabs, they were divided into Omicron group and Delta group. The clinical characteristics, laboratory tests, antibody levels, viral nucleic acid (the cycle threshold (Ct) of N gene and open reading frame ( ORF) 1 ab), main treatment measures and clinical prognosis were analyzed in the two groups. Statistical analysis was performed using the rank sum test, chi-square test or Fisher′s exact test. Results:A total of 344 cases were enrolled, including 152 cases in the Delta group and 192 cases in the Omicron group, and there were 240 males (69.8%), with a median age of 33 years old. One hundred and two (29.7%) of those patients had underlying disease.Two hundred and seventy-one had completed full or booster vaccination. The overall full vaccination rate in Omicron group was 70.8%(136/192), which was higher than 51.3%(78/152) in Delta group. The proportion of mild patients in Omicron group was higher than that in Delta group (57.3%(110/192) vs 24.3%(37/152), respectively), and the proportions of common type and severe type were lower than those of the Delta group (33.9%(65/192) vs 55.3%(84/152) and 0(0/192) vs 10.5%(16/152)), the differences were all statistically significant ( χ2=37.64 and 15.84, respectively, Fisher′s exact test; all P<0.001). The duration and peak of fever in Omicron group were 1.5(1.0, 2.0) d and 38.1(37.8, 38.5) ℃, respectively, which were lower than those in Delta group (3.0(1.0, 4.8) d and 38.5(38.1, 39.0) ℃, respectively), and the differences were both statistically significant ( Z=-4.14 and -3.85, respectively, both P<0.001). The 2019-nCoV antibody IgG and the Ct values of virus nucleic acid N gene and ORF1 ab gene in the vaccinated Omicron group at admission were higher than those in the Delta group ( Z=-3.25, -2.18 and -2.82, respectively, all P<0.050). Compared with patients in Delta group, patients in Omicron group had lower proportion of receiving respiratory therapy support, shorter oxygen therapy time, shorter reversion time from admission to nucleic acid Ct value≥35 and shorter hospitalization time. The differences were all statistically significant ( χ2=47.86, Z=-5.41, -5.60 and -4.71, respectively, all P<0.001). There was no critical illness or 28-day death case in both groups. Conclusions:The severity of patients infected with Omicron variants is lighter than that of patients with Delta variants, and the viral nucleic acid has shorter conversion time, which is mainly related to the virulence of variant strain and vaccination.

Fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) have emerged as promising targets for anticancer therapy. In this study, we synthesized and evaluated the biological activity of 66 pyrazolo[3,4-

Objective: To identify confounding factors associated with dental caries prevention, as the basis for the development of subsequent health management plan for dental caries prevention in young children. Methods: From June to September 2019, a questionnaire survey was conducted among parents of young children enrolled in five kindergartens in the district of Shanggang Steel Community, Pudong New District, Shanghai, using the convenience sampling method. The survey included basic demographic characteristics on parents and children, as well as information factor, motivation factor, behavioral skills, and caries prevention behavior. Results: Among 718 parents surveyed, the median information factor score was 8 (7, 9), the median personal motivation factor score was 20 (19, 20), the median social motivation factor score was 9 (8, 10), the median behavioral skills score was 25 (24, 25), and the median caries prevention behavior score was 7 (5, 8). Motivation factor was positively associated with behavioral skills, both information factor and behavioral skills were positively associated with dental caries prevention (P<0.05). Personal motivation factor had a direct influence factor of 0.80 on behavioral skills and an indirect influence factor of 0.15 on dental caries prevention behavior; behavioral skills and information factor had a direct influence factor of 0.19 and 0.26 respectively on dental caries prevention. Conclusion The finding suggest that in addition to oral hygiene information and education for parents of young children, mental support should be a key component of any community-based dental caries prevention program.

Objective:To investigate the protective effects of bovine lactoferrin (bLF) supplementation on intestinal mucosal tissue and its influence on of inflammatory factors in the premature rats model of necrotizing enterocolitis(NEC), and to provide the theoretical basis for prevention of NEC by bLF supplementation.Methods:Premature SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups, 25 cases in each group.Control group: oral feeding; model group : oral feeding with lipopolysaccharides(LPS) gavage + hypoxic stimulation; high dose bLF intervention group: daily bLF (7 g/L) + oral feeding with LPS gavage + hypoxic stimulation; low dose bLF intervention group: daily bLF (2 g/L) + oral feeding with LPS gavage + hypoxic stimulation.Histopathological analysis was performed by HE staining.The expression levels of interleukin-1β(IL-1β)and interleukin-6(IL-6)in intestinal mucosa were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results:(1) Morphological observation: the intestinal wall of model group was thin, and there were different degrees of pneumoconiosis and effusion in intestinal cavity.Under the microscopy, it could be observed that the intestinal tissue necrosis was serious, the intestinal villi fell off, glands arranged disorderly, epithelial edema was significant, the lamina propria and submucosa had severely edema and were separated, and there were a large number of inflammatory cells infiltrated.The above-mentioned manifestations were alleviated in the high-dose and low-dose bLF intervention groups, and no significant abnormalities were found in the control group.(2) The expression of IL-1β and IL-6 in intestinal tissue: the tissue concentration of IL-1β and IL-6 in the model group rats [(380.89±20.25) ng/L, (485.12±31.44) ng/L]were significantly higher than those in the control group[(270.69±45.58) ng/L, (212.62±89.46) ng/L]( q =9.785, 14.030, all P<0.01). The expression of IL-1β and IL-6 in mucosal tissue of ileum was significantly inhibited in hypoxic and LPS-stimulated rats fed with bLF(IL-1β: q=9.105, 8.761, all P<0.01; IL-6: q=8.175, 8.996, all P<0.01). There was no significant difference in the expression of IL-1β and IL-6 between high dose bLF(7 g/L) and low dose bLF (2 g/L) inter vention groups (IL-1β: q=-0.084, P>0.05; IL-6: q=-1.140, P>0.05). Conclusion:Enteral bLF supplementation can alleviate the damage of intestinal tissue in NEC model of premature SD rats, inhibit the expression of IL-1β and IL-6 inflammatory factors in intestinal tissue, and have a protective effect on intestinal tissue.

Objective: To investigate the effect of hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy (HDCP) on the mortality and early complications of premature infants. Methods: The general clinical data of preterm infants with gestational age 24-36^{+ 6} weeks were collected from the cooperative units in the task group from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2014.According to the severity of HDCP, the infants were divided into 4 groups: HDCP group, preeclampsia group, eclampsia group and non HDCP group, the mortality and major complications of preterm infants were compared, and the influencing factors were analyzed. Results: The mortality rate of preterm in the HDCP group was significantly higher than that of non HDCP group, and there was statistical significance (χ²=9.970, P=0.019). Eclampsia had a highest fatality rate (4.8%) in the early stage, compared with non HDCP group (2.2%), and the difference was statistically significant.Comparison of HDCP group (1.8%) and eclampsia group (3.2%) suggested that there was no statistically significant difference.The incidence of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in preterm in HDCP group was significantly higher than that of non HDCP group, and there was statistical significance (χ²=13.241, P=0.004). Eclampsia group showed the highest incidence (35.4%), compared with non HDCP group (16.2%), the difference was statistically significant, but compared with HDCP group (19.9%), preeclampsia group (17.1%), there was no significant diffe-rence.The incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in preterm in HDCP group was significantly higher than that of non HDCP group (χ²=9.592, P=0.022), the highest incidence showed up in eclampsia group (9.7%), compared with non HDCP group (2.0%) and HDCP group (1.7%), the difference was statistically significant.But there was no statistically significant difference, compared with preeclampsia group.As the degree of HDCP aggravated, the incidence of BPD gradually rose.There was no significant impact on necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and sepsis of HDCP (χ²=7.054, 7.214, 0.358, 3.852; P=0.070, 0.065, 0.949, 0.278). Considering the overall outcome of the child, that was, whether the child died or survived, he had at least one complication, and HDCP had an effect on it (χ²=15.697, P=0.001), so the incidence increased while the degree of HDCP rose gradually.After adjusting gestational age, birth weight, sex, way of delivery, placental abruption and front placenta, prenatal hormonal, gestational diabetes, neonatal asphyxia and other factors, the results displayed that HDCP was the factor leading to the death of premature baby (OR=2.159, 95%CI: 1.093-4.266), and comparison between preeclampsia and eclampsia showed no statistical difference (P=0.714, 0.389); HDCP had no significant influence on RDS, BDP, ICH, NEC, ROP and sepsis. Conclusions HDCP leads to increased risk of premature death, but also leads to the increased incidence of RDS and BPD, but it had no obvious effect on NEC, ROP, IVH, sepsis and other complications.

Objective To study the relationship between reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as total antioxidant capacity ( TAC ) within follicle fluid and body mass index ( BMI ) in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).Methods All patients enrolled in this study were infertile women receiving in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) treatment.55 PCOS patients were divided into over-weight group ( n =23 ) and non-over-weight group ( n =32 ).Another 55 age-matched non-PCOS women were also divided into control group ( n =30) and overweight group ( n =25 ).Plasma sex hormone,triglycerides,and total cholesterol were determined.On oocyte retrieval day after ovarian stimulation,ROS and TAC in follicular fluid were assayed.Results Subjects in over-weight and PCOS over-weight groups had higher triglycerides than those in control and PCOS non-over-weight groups [ ( 1.9 ±1.1,1.7 ± 0.9,1.0 ± 0.5,1.2 ± 0.7 ) mmol/L,respectively,all P＜0.05],so did total cholesterol [ ( 4.8 ± 1.2,5.2 ± 1.1,4.0 ± 0.6) mmol/L,respectively,all P＜0.05].In PCOS over-weight group,ROS and ROS/TAC within follicular fluid were ( 35.4 ± 6.7 ) RLU/S and 39.8 ± 22.0,both were higher than those in the other 3 groups ( all P＜0.05).TAC [ (0.8 ± 0.5 ) Mm] was lower in PCOS over-weight group than that among the other 3 groups( all P＜0.05 ).ROS/TAC was higher in PCOS non-over-weight group than that of control group ( 26.5 ± 14.5 vs 14.2 ± 12.5,P＜0.05 ).Univariate analysis showed that both ROS and ROS/TAC within follicular fluid in PCOS patients were positively correlated with BMI ( r =0.34 and r =0.32,both P＜0.05 ).Conclusion Abnormal oxidative stress exists in follicular fluid of PCOS patients,and the oxidative stress parameters show positive correlation with BMI.