This consensus will introduce the characteristics of fillers used in the surgical cavities of domestic nasal surgery patients based on relevant literature and expert opinions. It will also provide recommendations for the selection of cavity fillers for different nasal diseases, with chronic sinusitis as a representative example.
Humans ; Nasal Cavity/surgery* ; Nasal Surgical Procedures ; China ; Consensus ; Sinusitis/surgery* ; Dermal Fillers

Allergen-specific immunotherapy（AIT） remains the only therapeutic approach with the potential to modify the natural course of allergic rhinitis（AR）. Nevertheless, considerable inter-individual variability exists in patients'responses to AIT. To facilitate more reliable assessment of treatment efficacy, the China Rhinopathy Research Cooperation Group（CRRCG） convened young and middle-aged nasal experts in China to formulate the present consensus. The recommended subjective outcome measures for AIT comprise symptom scores, medication scores, combined symptom and medication scores, quality-of-life assessments, evaluation of disease control, and assessment of comorbidities. Objective indicators may supplement these measures. Currently available objective approaches include skin prick testing, nasal provocation testing, and allergen exposure chambers. However, these methods remain constrained by practical limitations and are not yet appropriate for routine implementation in clinical efficacy evaluation. In addition, several biomarkers, including sIgE and the sIgE/tIgE ratio, sIgG4, serum IgE-blocking activity, IgA, cytokines and chemokines, as well as immune cell surface molecules and their functional activity, have been shown to have associations with AIT outcomes. While these biomarkers may complement subjective assessments, they are subject to significant limitations. Consequently, large-scale multicenter trials and real-world evidence are required to strengthen the evidence base. The present consensus underscores the necessity of integrating patients'subjective experiences with objective testing throughout the treatment process, thereby providing a more comprehensive and accurate framework for efficacy evaluation. Looking forward, future investigations should prioritize the incorporation of multi-omics data and artificial intelligence methodologies, which hold promise for overcoming current limitations in assessment strategies and for advancing both the standardization and personalization of AIT.
Humans ; Allergens/immunology* ; China ; Consensus ; Desensitization, Immunologic ; Immunoglobulin E ; Quality of Life ; Rhinitis, Allergic/therapy* ; Treatment Outcome ; East Asian People

Transent receptor potential(TRP)channels are non-selective cation channels.In recent years,a large number of studies have found that TRP channels participate in a variety of cardiovascular diseases.How mitochondrial function is regulated by TRP channels and the relationship to cardiovascular diseases have become research hotspots.Up to now,related studies have mainly focused on TRPV,TRPM,and TRPC channels.This review focuses on the roles of the above TRP channels in the regulation of mitochondrial function and their relationships to cardiovascular diseases.

As China's manned space missions gradually develop towards long-term residence and deep space exploration,astronauts will face increasingly severe psychological challenges.As a psychological adjustment method involving multiple disciplines such as music,psychology,and medicine,music therapy has the advantages of being convenient to implement,cost-effective,and highly personalized.This paper integrates the concept of music therapy and explores the research progress of music therapy in regulating psychological states in aspects such as physiology,emotional regulation,cognitive ability,and interpersonal relationships.Combined with the mechanism of action of music therapy and the practical situation in the field of manned spaceflight,it aims at the future development trends and problems to be solved,to construct a music therapy system for astronauts during on-orbit flight and ground daily training.This will help astronauts achieve healthy physical and mental development and promote the completion of missions.

Objective:To investigate the clinical effect of four-layer reposition of skin flap, musculocutaneous flap, orbital septum flap, and orbitum septum fat flap via lower eyelid margin approach, combined with periorbital fixed-point suspension of the midfacial soft tissue, to reconstruct the aesthetic structure of lower eyelid subunits.Methods:The clinical data of patients admitted to the Department of Beauty and Plastic Surgery of Zhejiang Rongjun Hospital for midface rejuvenation via lower eyelid margin approach surgery from June 2019 to August 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. The layer above the orbital septal, maxillary space, and zygomatic space were dissected to form a musculocutaneous flap. The septal fat flap was released and fixed, then the orbital septum flap was dissected and to make a net-like fixation in horizontal and vertical arrangement around the orbit. The mid and lateral suspension points and suspension tissues were determined and marked by pushing up the facial soft tissues in the sitting position, followed by fixation. Then, the abondant part of the musculocutaneous flap and the lower eyelid margin skin were trimmed to form a flap. Post-operative follow-up was performed by patient self-assessment (very satisfied, satisfied, dissatisfied, very dissatisfied). One attending plastic surgeon who was not involved in the surgery evaluated the results of the reconstruction of the aesthetic structures of the lower lid subunits, including laughing hill, lower eyelid fold, inferior sulcus of the lower tarsal plate, and eyelid-cheek junction based on global aesthetic improvement scale (IGAIS) (-1 to 3, the higher the score the more significant the improvement).Results:A total of 96 patients were included, including 7 males and 89 females, aged 38-83 years, with an average age of 53 years. In all patients, the swelling subsided 1 week after surgery, with no complication such as hematoma, lower eyelid retraction, blepharon separation, lower eyelid ectropion, etc. There was no malar lateral soft tissue accumulation and suspension point sunken deformity. 6-12 months postoperative follow-up showed that all patients had expected benefit outcomes in the reconstruction of laughing hill, lower eyelid fold, and inferior sulcus of lower tarsal plate. Yet, fat bulgings at the eyelid-cheek junction were moderately visible in 2 cases, and it is slightly visible in 3 cases. The rest of the patients had good curvilinear continuity in the eyelid-cheek junction area. Patient self-assessment showed that 76 were very satisfied, 16 were satisfied, and 4 were dissatisfied. IGAIS score showed 96 patients scored 2.43±0.35, with 76 scored 3, 16 scored 2 and 4 scored 1.Conclusion:Four-layer reposition of skin flap, musculocutaneous flap, orbital septum flap, and orbital septum fat flap via lower eyelid margin approach, combined with periorbital fixed-point suspension of the midfacial soft tissue can effectively reconstruct the aesthetic structure of the lower eyelid subunits, including the laughing hill, lower eyelid fold, inferior sulcus of inferior tarsal plate and eyelid-cheek junction.

Objective:To investigate the clinical effect of four-layer reposition of skin flap, musculocutaneous flap, orbital septum flap, and orbitum septum fat flap via lower eyelid margin approach, combined with periorbital fixed-point suspension of the midfacial soft tissue, to reconstruct the aesthetic structure of lower eyelid subunits.Methods:The clinical data of patients admitted to the Department of Beauty and Plastic Surgery of Zhejiang Rongjun Hospital for midface rejuvenation via lower eyelid margin approach surgery from June 2019 to August 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. The layer above the orbital septal, maxillary space, and zygomatic space were dissected to form a musculocutaneous flap. The septal fat flap was released and fixed, then the orbital septum flap was dissected and to make a net-like fixation in horizontal and vertical arrangement around the orbit. The mid and lateral suspension points and suspension tissues were determined and marked by pushing up the facial soft tissues in the sitting position, followed by fixation. Then, the abondant part of the musculocutaneous flap and the lower eyelid margin skin were trimmed to form a flap. Post-operative follow-up was performed by patient self-assessment (very satisfied, satisfied, dissatisfied, very dissatisfied). One attending plastic surgeon who was not involved in the surgery evaluated the results of the reconstruction of the aesthetic structures of the lower lid subunits, including laughing hill, lower eyelid fold, inferior sulcus of the lower tarsal plate, and eyelid-cheek junction based on global aesthetic improvement scale (IGAIS) (-1 to 3, the higher the score the more significant the improvement).Results:A total of 96 patients were included, including 7 males and 89 females, aged 38-83 years, with an average age of 53 years. In all patients, the swelling subsided 1 week after surgery, with no complication such as hematoma, lower eyelid retraction, blepharon separation, lower eyelid ectropion, etc. There was no malar lateral soft tissue accumulation and suspension point sunken deformity. 6-12 months postoperative follow-up showed that all patients had expected benefit outcomes in the reconstruction of laughing hill, lower eyelid fold, and inferior sulcus of lower tarsal plate. Yet, fat bulgings at the eyelid-cheek junction were moderately visible in 2 cases, and it is slightly visible in 3 cases. The rest of the patients had good curvilinear continuity in the eyelid-cheek junction area. Patient self-assessment showed that 76 were very satisfied, 16 were satisfied, and 4 were dissatisfied. IGAIS score showed 96 patients scored 2.43±0.35, with 76 scored 3, 16 scored 2 and 4 scored 1.Conclusion:Four-layer reposition of skin flap, musculocutaneous flap, orbital septum flap, and orbital septum fat flap via lower eyelid margin approach, combined with periorbital fixed-point suspension of the midfacial soft tissue can effectively reconstruct the aesthetic structure of the lower eyelid subunits, including the laughing hill, lower eyelid fold, inferior sulcus of inferior tarsal plate and eyelid-cheek junction.

Objective:To explore the clinical effects of plantar split-thickness skin grafts in repairing the deep burn wounds in the back and buttocks.Methods:A retrospective observational study was conducted. From January 2011 to February 2022, 98 patients with deep burn who met the inclusion criteria were admitted to the 910 th Hospital of Joint Service Support Unit of PLA, including 64 males and 34 females, aged 17 to 78 years, with total burn areas of 35%-95% total body surface area (TBSA). The area of full-thickness burns in the back and buttocks ranged from 5% to 17% TBSA and the wounds were repaired only using stamp-shaped split-thickness skin grafts from plantar areas of both feet or combined with Meek microskin grafts or stamp-shaped skin grafts from other sites. According to the times of skin graft harvesting from both soles, these patients were divided into one-harvesting group (29 cases), two-harvesting group (38 cases), three-harvesting group (21 cases), and four-harvesting group (10 cases). The area of skin grafts harvested each time from both soles, the healing time of donor sites after each skin graft harvesting, and the survival rate of plantar skin graft in recipient site at 7 days after each skin graft harvesting in 98 patients, the interval between two adjacent skin graft harvesting in 69 patients with skin grafts harvested twice or more, as well as the healing time of donor site and survival rate of skin graft in recipient site after the last skin graft harvesting from both soles of patients in the 4 groups were recorded. The patients were followed up to observe the appearance, texture, and scar in recipient site of plantar skin grafts as well as the scar and function in plantar donor sites. Data were statistically analyzed with one-way analysis of variance, Kruskal-Wallis test, and chi-square test. Results:In the 98 patients, the area of skin graft was 2.0%-4.5% ((3.4±0.6)%) TBSA harvested each time from both soles, the healing time of donor site after each skin graft harvesting was 7-10 (7.8±1.1) d, and the survival rate of plantar skin graft in recipient site at 7 days after each skin graft harvesting was 93% (92%, 95%). The interval between two adjacent skin graft harvesting in the 69 patients was 7-38 (11.2±0.5) d. The healing time of donor site and survival rate of skin graft in recipient site after the last skin graft harvesting from both soles of patients in the 4 groups showed no statistically significant differences ( P>0.05). A total of 88 patients were followed up for 3 months to 5 years, the appearance in recipient site of plantar skin graft was smooth, the texture was firm, the scar hyperplasia was mild, and the area was compressive- and wear-resistant. Among them, the plantar donor site recovered well in 85 patients, without obvious scar hyperplasia and only 3 patients had small area of scar hyperplasia in the non-weight-bearing areas which did not affect walking or wearing shoes or socks. Ten patients were lost in the follow up after discharge. Conclusions:Stamp-shaped split-thickness skin grafts can be repeatedly harvested from both soles of patient to repair the deep burn wounds in the back and buttocks, with high survival rate of skin grafts, thus can reduce the burden of other donor sites. Moreover, the skin grafts have good wear-resistance and pressure-resistance, without affecting postoperative normal walk.

ObjectiveThe monitoring of fluoride in drinking water in Qingpu District was conducted to evaluate the external exposure of residents through drinking water， and to provide data support for the continuous improvement of drinking water quality in the area and the health level of residents. MethodsFrom 2016 to 2021， the pipe network water was collected from 42 monitoring points in Qingpu District， every month， and the fluoride concentration in the pipe network water was detected by ion chromatography. ResultsThe fluctuation range of fluoride concentration in drinking water in Qingpu District from 2016 to 2021 was between 0.10 and 0.96 mg·L^-1. The fluoride in drinking water did not exceed the standard， which was lower than the lower limit of the WHO recommended range. The median fluoride concentration in drinking water in the Qingcaosha water source area was 0.20 mg·L^-1， and the median fluoride concentration in drinking water in the Dianshan lake water source area was 0.44 mg·L^-1， and the difference between the two was statistically significant （Z=20.260， P<0.001）. The fluoride concentration in drinking water had a decreasing trend year by year， especially in the water supply area of Dianshan lake water system. The fluoride concentration in drinking water in Qingcaosha water source water supply area decreased relatively gently， from 0.25 mg·L^-1 in 2017 to 0.20 mg·L^-1 gradually. According to the "Chinese Residents' Dietary Nutrient Reference Intake 2013 Edition"， the requirement of 1.5 mg·d^-1 of suitable fluoride intake （AI） for adults. About 50% of the residents in the water supply area of Dianshan lake would consume less than0.75 mg·d^-1， fluoride through drinking water， which was lower than 1/2 of the AI value. The fluoride content in the water supply area of Qingcaosha water source was relatively low， and 75% of the residents ingested fluoride through drinking water was lower than 0.37 mg·d^-1， which was lower than the 1/4 of the AI value. ConclusionThe concentration of fluoride in drinking water in Qingpu District is lower than the sanitary standard of drinking water in China，and the risk of excessive fluoride exposure is very low. However， the fluoride concentration in drinking water has a decreasing trend year by year， and intervention measures should be used rationally to reduce the health risks caused by insufficient fluoride intake.

ObjectiveTo summarize and compare the main traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndromes of Delta and Omicron variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 （SARS-CoV-2） carriers to provide references for the syndrome evolution and syndrome differentiation of SARS-CoV-2 infection. MethodThe TCM medical records of imported and local cases of infection with Delta and Omicron variants of SARS-CoV-2 in Changsha since September 23， 2021 to March 27， 2022 were collected， including 18 Delta variant cases and 36 Omicron variant cases. Their TCM diagnosis information and TCM pathogenesis were analyzed and compared. ResultThe common manifestations in Delta variant cases were cough， fever， chest distress/shortness of breath， sore muscles， nausea， dry mouth， dry or sore throat， thick and greasy tongue coating， and rapid and slippery pulse. The predominant pathogenesis was dampness-heat in the upper-energizer and heat stagnation in the lesser Yang combined with dampness. The occurrence of chest distress/shortness of breath， greasy tongue coating， slippery pulse， and the proportion of dampness-heat in the upper-energizer syndrome were higher in Delta variant cases than in Omicron variant cases （P<0.05）. The common manifestations in Omicron variant cases were itchy and sore throat， nasal congestion， running nose， fever， mild aversion to cold， dry mouth， dizziness， slightly reddish tongue with thin white coating， and rapid or wiry pulse. The predominant pathogenesis was wind-dryness invading defensive exterior， and heat stagnation in the lesser Yang. The occurrence of white-coated tongue and the proportion of wind-dryness invading defensive exterior syndrome were higher in Omicron variant cases than in Delta variant cases （P<0.05）. ConclusionThere are certain differences in TCM syndromes and the corresponding pathogenesis between Delta variant and Omicron variant cases in Changsha， Hunan. The Delta variant of SARS-COV-2 tends to induce dampness-heat syndrome， whereas Omicron variant infection tends to elicit wind-dampness syndrome， which is expected to provide a reference for the pathogenesis evolution of SARS-COV-2 infection.

Objective:To explore the application value of virtual reality(VR) technology in the surgical diagnosis and treatment of congenital heart disease complicated with ventricular outflow tract stenosis.Methods:From November 2017 to October 2018, a total of 11 cases of congenital heart disease complicated with ventricular outflow tract stenosis were diagnosed and treated by VR technology assisted surgery in our center, including 9 cases of tetralogy of Fallot, 1 case of right ventricular double outlet stenosis and 1 case of right ventricular double outlet complicated with right ventricular outflow tract and pulmonary valve stenosis. The matching degree and value score of VR model by surgeons after operation. The data of these cases, including postoperative severe complications, maximum flow velocity and peak pressure difference and left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF) 3 months after surgery, were retrospectively analyzed to evaluate the application value of VR technology and summarize the application experience of our center.Results:The operations were successful in all the 11 cases with no death in hospital. No serious complications related to the ventricular outflow tract occurred after the operation. The peak systolic velocity of the ventricular outflow tract in all the patients decreased to less than 2 m/s, and LVEF was in the normal range three months after the operation. In terms of VR model scores, the matching degree of all cases was 8/10 or above and 8 patients received a 3/3 of value score.Conclusion:For patients with congenital heart disease complicated with ventricular outflow tract stenosis, VR technology based on CT three-dimensional reconstruction can help surgeons more intuitively understand the spatial location information of each intra- and extra-cardiac structure and evaluate the feasibility of key surgical procedures, which is conducive to individual surgery and guarantees a good surgical outcome.