This consensus will introduce the characteristics of fillers used in the surgical cavities of domestic nasal surgery patients based on relevant literature and expert opinions. It will also provide recommendations for the selection of cavity fillers for different nasal diseases, with chronic sinusitis as a representative example.
Humans ; Nasal Cavity/surgery* ; Nasal Surgical Procedures ; China ; Consensus ; Sinusitis/surgery* ; Dermal Fillers

Allergen-specific immunotherapy（AIT） remains the only therapeutic approach with the potential to modify the natural course of allergic rhinitis（AR）. Nevertheless, considerable inter-individual variability exists in patients'responses to AIT. To facilitate more reliable assessment of treatment efficacy, the China Rhinopathy Research Cooperation Group（CRRCG） convened young and middle-aged nasal experts in China to formulate the present consensus. The recommended subjective outcome measures for AIT comprise symptom scores, medication scores, combined symptom and medication scores, quality-of-life assessments, evaluation of disease control, and assessment of comorbidities. Objective indicators may supplement these measures. Currently available objective approaches include skin prick testing, nasal provocation testing, and allergen exposure chambers. However, these methods remain constrained by practical limitations and are not yet appropriate for routine implementation in clinical efficacy evaluation. In addition, several biomarkers, including sIgE and the sIgE/tIgE ratio, sIgG4, serum IgE-blocking activity, IgA, cytokines and chemokines, as well as immune cell surface molecules and their functional activity, have been shown to have associations with AIT outcomes. While these biomarkers may complement subjective assessments, they are subject to significant limitations. Consequently, large-scale multicenter trials and real-world evidence are required to strengthen the evidence base. The present consensus underscores the necessity of integrating patients'subjective experiences with objective testing throughout the treatment process, thereby providing a more comprehensive and accurate framework for efficacy evaluation. Looking forward, future investigations should prioritize the incorporation of multi-omics data and artificial intelligence methodologies, which hold promise for overcoming current limitations in assessment strategies and for advancing both the standardization and personalization of AIT.
Humans ; Allergens/immunology* ; China ; Consensus ; Desensitization, Immunologic ; Immunoglobulin E ; Quality of Life ; Rhinitis, Allergic/therapy* ; Treatment Outcome ; East Asian People

Objective:Pediatric chronic sinusitis （CRS） is a common disease within the field of otolaryngology-head and neck surgery. Due to the immaturity of sinus development and immune competence in children, its etiology and pathophysiology are complex, and its clinical features and outcomes differ significantly from those in adult patients. Currently, there are issues in the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric CRS, particularly in areas such as antibiotic use and surgical interventions, owing to a lack of sufficient attention. In recognition of this, the Chinese Rhinopathy Research Cooperation Group developed this expert consensus based on a systematic review of the latest literatures from both domestic and international sources, with reference to the latest evidence-based medical evidence worldwide, and in combination with their own clinical experience. The consensus covers various aspects including epidemiology, predisposing factors, pathophysiology, diagnosis and differential diagnosis, as well as treatment strategies such as medical therapy and surgical intervention. It aims to standardize the clinical diagnosis and treatment of pediatric CRS, improve clinical efficacy and patient satisfaction, reduce clinical expenditures, and decrease the occurrence of adverse reactions.
Humans ; Sinusitis/therapy* ; Chronic Disease ; Child ; Consensus ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use*

Objective To compare the diagnostic efficiency of the thyroid imaging reporting and data system (TIRADS), the Bethesda system for reporting thyroid cytopathology(BSRTC) and BRAFV600E detection, and their combined use in the differentiation between benign and malignant thyroid nodules. Methods One hundred and twenty eight patients with 128 thyroid nodules who were scheduled for ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) were recruited for the study. All of them underwent ultrasound, fine-needle aspiration cytology(FNAC) examination, and BRAFV600E detection. TIRADS and BSRTC systems were adopted to judge the ultrasound and FNAC results. The receiver operating characteristic curve was established to assess the diagnostic value of each method. Results The sensitivity, specificity, and AUC of TIRADS were 74. 3%, 84. 5%, and 0. 794, respectively. BSRTC had higher specificity(98. 3%) and equal sensitivity compared to TIRADS. The sensitivity, specificity, and AUC of BRAFV600E detection were the highest ones among the three methods. Combinations of different methods could increase the diagnostic sensitivity and accuracy. The combination of FNAC and BRAFV600E detection significantly increased the diagnostic efficiency(AUC=0. 984), with sensitivity 98. 6% and specificity 98. 3%. Conclusions The diagnostic value of BRAFV600E detection in the differentiation of benign and malignant thyroid nodules is better than both TIRADS and BSRTC, and the combination of FNAC and BRAFV600E detection reaches the best diagnostic efficiency.

Objective To construct a shuttle plasmid for inducible gene expression in Borrelia burgdorferi (B.burgdorferi) with an advantage of flexible genetic manipulation.Methods The IPTG-inducible lac repressor/operator system from Escherichia coli (E.coli) was adopted and modified in the current study.The plasmid shuttle vector was developed by inserting multiple cloning sites,FLAG and HA tags into the shuttle vector by molecular cloning approaches.The target gene was inserted at the site under the control of the promoter (Tn5 derivate) in plasmid pQE30.This promoter contained two lac operators and a codonoptimized lacI gene driven by flaB promoter.Results A plasmid shuttle vector,pJJ275,was successfully constructed with the ability to express target genes in B.burgdorferi in the presence of IPTG.By using this system,a HA-tagged rpoS gene was introduced into the typical infectious strain B.burgdorferi B31.The target gene expression induced by IPTG was confirmed at transcriptional and translational levels.The RpoS dependent virulence factor of Borrelia,OspC,was also detected,indicating that the expressed protein was functional.Conclusion The constructed plasmid shuttle vector can express exogenous genes in B.burgdorferi with an inducible feature and an advantage of flexible genetic manipulation.It can be applied for genetic manipulation of B.burgdorferi involved in gene regulation and complementation.

Objective:To investigate the expression of Rho GTPases signaling pathway in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC)and its clinical significance.Methods:Molecules of Rho GTPases signaling pathway including RhoC, E-cadherin, MMP-2, and MMP-9 were detected by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry in 36 specimens of non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). The relationship between RhoC mRNA and prognosis of patients was evaluated by using Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis.Results:There was a significant difference in the expression of RhoC mRNA between NSCLC tissues and para-cancerous tissues (P<0.01). The expression of RhoC mRNA in NSCLC was not correlated with gender, age, invasion degree, lymph node metastasis, tumor size, histological classification, and differentiation degree but correlated with different TNM stage (P<0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between the expression of RhoC protein and MMP-2 protein (r=0.474, P=0.003). The survival time of patients with weak expression of RhoC mRNA was longer than those with over-expression of RhoC mRNA, but there was no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion:Over-expression of RhoC mRNA is closely correlated with the tumorigenesis and progression of NSCLC, and may be related with invasion and metastasis of NSCLC early to middle stage.