As a common medical condition， vertigo can be induced by multiple diseases in the modern medical system. Its incidence rate shows an upward trend with the increase in age. According to the theory of mutual interference between clear Qi and turbid Qi in Huangdi's Internal Classic （Huang Di Nei Jing）， this paper systematically analyzes the pathogenesis of vertigo and explores the mechanism and clinical application value of Xiao Chaihutang in the treatment of vertigo. It is believed that the mutual inference between clear Qi and turbid Qi leads to the failure of clear Yang to ascend， resulting in the lack of nourishment for the brain and the inability of turbid Yin to descend， which disturbs the clear orifices， thus causing vertigo. The core pathogenesis lies in the dysfunction of Qi movement， the disorder of body fluid distribution， and the imbalance between Yin and Yang. The compatibility of Xiao Chaihutang takes into account the methods of pungent medicinal materials opening and bitter medicinal materials descending， tonifying deficiency and purging excess， and regulating Qi movement. This prescription can regulate the pathological state of the mutual interference between clear Qi and turbid Qi from three aspects： regulating Qi movement throughout the body， harmonizing the distribution of body fluids， and coordinating Yin and Yang as well as the interior and exterior， thus preventing and treating vertigo. Modern research findings show that Xiao Chaihutang can improve hemodynamics to promote cerebral blood circulation and has anti-inflammation， immunomodulatory， and anti-tumor functions， which correspond to the therapeutic effects of Xiao Chaihutang under the theory of mutual interference between clear Qi and turbid Qi. The decoction exerts therapeutic effects on vertigo caused by hypertension， stroke， otitis media， Meniere’s disease， and brain tumor as well as benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. Further exploration of the theoretical connotation of mutual inference between clear Qi and turbid Qi and analysis of the pathogenesis of vertigo and the therapeutic effect of Xiao Chaihutang can better interpret the internal correlations among the three， thus providing new ideas for the syndrome differentiation and treatment of vertigo.

Objective:To explore the effects of childhood trauma on resting blood pressure, heart rate, and heart rate variability in patients with depression.Methods:A cross-sectional study was designed to prospectively collect clinical data on a total of 163 patients with depression, including 47 males and 116 females, aged 18-50 years,with mean[ M( Q1, Q3)] [29.0, (21.0, 37.0)]years, who were either the outpatients or the inpatients in the Mental Health Center of the First Hospital of Hebei Medical University from September 2022 to June 2024. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short form (CTQ-SF) was used to assess the experience of abuse and neglect during childhood. According to the CTQ-SF score, the subjects were divided into a trauma group ( n=80) and a non-trauma group ( n=83). The 17-item Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD 17) and Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) were used to assess depressive and anxiety symptoms in the participants, respectively. A digital blood pressure monitor and an autonomic nervous system response detector were employed to measure resting blood pressure, heart rate, and heart rate variability (HRV). Spearman correlation analysis was used to examine the relationships between childhood trauma and resting blood pressure, heart rate, and HRV. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to analyze factors influencing these parameters. The Bootstrap method was employed to test the potential mediating role of parasympathetic nervous system activity in the relationships between childhood trauma and resting blood pressure, and heart rate. Results:No significant difference was observed in resting heart rate between the trauma and non-trauma groups ( P>0.05). However, the trauma group exhibited higher resting systolic and diastolic blood pressure [(123.3±9.1) mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) vs(116.9±10.8) mmHg, (80.0±8.6) mmHg vs (77.0±8.0) mmHg; Z=4.08, 2.24, all P<0.05]. HRV indices, including the standard deviation of normal to normal interval (SDNN), root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD), total power (TP), low frequency (LF), and high frequency (HF), were significantly lower in the trauma group [25.3 (19.4, 30.4) me vs 36.3 (27.4, 49.0) ms, 18.3 (12.9, 27.2) me vs 26.2 (19.0, 38.5) ms, 6.0(5.4, 6.5)ms 2vs 7.0(6.3, 7.4)ms 2,4.4(3.7,5.3)ms 2vs 5.8(4.9,6.3)ms 2, 4.2(3.4, 5.2)ms 2vs 5.2(4.6, 6.1)ms 2, respectively; all P<0.001]. Spearman correlation analysis showed that childhood trauma experiences in patients with depression were positively correlated with resting systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure ( r=0.309, 0.236; P<0.01), childhood trauma was negatively correlated with HRV (SDNN, RMSSD, TP, LF, HF) ( r=-0.264, -0.274, -0.271, -0.235, -0.279; all P<0.01). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that childhood trauma was positively correlated with resting-state systolic blood pressure and resting-state diastolic blood pressure ( β=0.305, 0.291; all P<0.001). Childhood trauma was negatively correlated with RMSSD, TP, LF, and HF( β=-0.244, -0.249, -0.233, -0.263; all P<0.01). Mediation effect analysis showed that parasympathetic activity partially mediated the relationship between childhood trauma and resting systolic blood pressure (effect size 0.04, standard error 0.02, 95% CI=0.01-0.09), accounting for 14.29% (0.04/0.28) of the total effect. Conclusion:Childhood trauma experiences are associated with elevated resting blood pressure and reduced HRV in patients with depression. Decreased parasympathetic activity partially mediates the relationship between childhood trauma and elevated resting systolic blood pressure in these patients.

Objective:To explore the effects of childhood trauma on resting blood pressure, heart rate, and heart rate variability in patients with depression.Methods:A cross-sectional study was designed to prospectively collect clinical data on a total of 163 patients with depression, including 47 males and 116 females, aged 18-50 years,with mean[ M( Q1, Q3)] [29.0, (21.0, 37.0)]years, who were either the outpatients or the inpatients in the Mental Health Center of the First Hospital of Hebei Medical University from September 2022 to June 2024. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short form (CTQ-SF) was used to assess the experience of abuse and neglect during childhood. According to the CTQ-SF score, the subjects were divided into a trauma group ( n=80) and a non-trauma group ( n=83). The 17-item Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD 17) and Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) were used to assess depressive and anxiety symptoms in the participants, respectively. A digital blood pressure monitor and an autonomic nervous system response detector were employed to measure resting blood pressure, heart rate, and heart rate variability (HRV). Spearman correlation analysis was used to examine the relationships between childhood trauma and resting blood pressure, heart rate, and HRV. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to analyze factors influencing these parameters. The Bootstrap method was employed to test the potential mediating role of parasympathetic nervous system activity in the relationships between childhood trauma and resting blood pressure, and heart rate. Results:No significant difference was observed in resting heart rate between the trauma and non-trauma groups ( P>0.05). However, the trauma group exhibited higher resting systolic and diastolic blood pressure [(123.3±9.1) mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) vs(116.9±10.8) mmHg, (80.0±8.6) mmHg vs (77.0±8.0) mmHg; Z=4.08, 2.24, all P<0.05]. HRV indices, including the standard deviation of normal to normal interval (SDNN), root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD), total power (TP), low frequency (LF), and high frequency (HF), were significantly lower in the trauma group [25.3 (19.4, 30.4) me vs 36.3 (27.4, 49.0) ms, 18.3 (12.9, 27.2) me vs 26.2 (19.0, 38.5) ms, 6.0(5.4, 6.5)ms 2vs 7.0(6.3, 7.4)ms 2,4.4(3.7,5.3)ms 2vs 5.8(4.9,6.3)ms 2, 4.2(3.4, 5.2)ms 2vs 5.2(4.6, 6.1)ms 2, respectively; all P<0.001]. Spearman correlation analysis showed that childhood trauma experiences in patients with depression were positively correlated with resting systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure ( r=0.309, 0.236; P<0.01), childhood trauma was negatively correlated with HRV (SDNN, RMSSD, TP, LF, HF) ( r=-0.264, -0.274, -0.271, -0.235, -0.279; all P<0.01). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that childhood trauma was positively correlated with resting-state systolic blood pressure and resting-state diastolic blood pressure ( β=0.305, 0.291; all P<0.001). Childhood trauma was negatively correlated with RMSSD, TP, LF, and HF( β=-0.244, -0.249, -0.233, -0.263; all P<0.01). Mediation effect analysis showed that parasympathetic activity partially mediated the relationship between childhood trauma and resting systolic blood pressure (effect size 0.04, standard error 0.02, 95% CI=0.01-0.09), accounting for 14.29% (0.04/0.28) of the total effect. Conclusion:Childhood trauma experiences are associated with elevated resting blood pressure and reduced HRV in patients with depression. Decreased parasympathetic activity partially mediates the relationship between childhood trauma and elevated resting systolic blood pressure in these patients.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence and associated factors of eating out among children and adolescents aged 6-17 in Hebei Province, and to explore the association between eating out and overweight/obesity. Methods: Data came from Children and Nurse Nutrition Health Monitoring of China during 2016-2017. Questionnaire surveys and anthropometric measures was conducted among 3 330 children aged 6-17 in 12 survey sites. Multivariate Logistics stepwise regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of eating out and the relationship between eating out and overweight/obesity. Results: The proportion of eating out was 16.19%, and the rate of overweight and obesity was 29.43%. Multivariate analysis showed that the older children (junior high school students:OR=1.36; high school students:OR=3.57, both P<0.05) and adolescents from highincome families (10 000~<20 000 CNY:OR=1.48; ≥20 000 CNY:OR=2.93, both P<0.05) were more likely to eat out. Children and adolescents living in rural areas (OR=0.20, P<0.01), nononlychild (OR=0.76, P=0.02), day school students (OR=0.21, P<0.01), and the primary caregivers of the elderly (OR=0.69, P=0.03) were less likely to eat out. In addition, eating out was statistically associated with an increased risk of overweight and obesity (OR=1.31, P<0.01). Conclusion Eating out is common among children and adolescents aged 6-17 in Hebei Province. Residency, age, household income, onechild family, boarding and and eating out behaviors of primary caregivers are associated with eating out among children and adolescents. Eating out may increase the risk of overweight/obesity in children.

Objective:Recently, increasing number of lung cancer patients benefit from immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). However, the data of Chinese small cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients is limited. This study aims to analyze the response and survival data of ICIs treatment in SCLC and to explore the predictive biomarkers.Methods:Forty-seven SCLC patients who received ICIs treatment from Peking University Cancer Hospital from May 2017 to September 2019 was recruited. Clinical characteristics including sex, age, smoking status, ICIs strategy, PD-L1 expression and therapeutic efficacy were collected to explore the clinical predictive biomarkers for SCLC ICIs treatment.Results:Among the 47 patients, 18 (38.3%) cases were partial repose (PR), 11 (23.4%) were stable disease (SD), 18 (38.3%) were progressive disease (PD), and the objective response rate (ORR) was 38.3%, disease control rate (DCR) was 61.7%, the median progression-free survival (PFS) was 5.3 months. ICIs monotherapy accounts for 27.7%, the ORR was 15.4%, DCR was 53.8%, median PFS was 2.7 months. Combined therapy accounts for 72.3%, the ORR was 47.1%, DCR was 64.7%, median PFS was 5.4 months. Fourteen (29.8%) patients received ICIs as the first line treatment, their ORR was 85.7%, DCR was 100%, median PFS was 9.1 month. The ORR was not related to the age, sex, body mass index (BMI), smoking status and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression ( P>0.05). The ORRs were higher in patients underwent PD-L1 monotherapy ( P=0.001), combined therapy ( P=0.002) and received ICIs as the first line treatment ( P<0.001). Log-rank analysis indicated that the PFS of female patients were 12.0 months, significantly longer than 4.4 months of male patients in ICIs treatment ( P=0.038). Patients who received PD-L1 monotherapy, combined treatment, or ICIs as the first line treatment had longer PFS than their counterparts, though no statistical significant was observed ( P>0.05). Cox multivariate analysis showed that, the gender was not an independent predictor for PFS in ICIs treatment ( HR=3.777, 95% CI=0.974~30.891, P=0.054). Conclusions:Immunotherapy is an effective treatment strategy for SCLC. Patients who receive combined ICIs treatment, first line ICIs treatment and PD-L1 treatment may get greater benefits. PD-L1 expression cannot predict the response and PFS in SCLC ICIs treatment.

Objective:Recently, increasing number of lung cancer patients benefit from immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). However, the data of Chinese small cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients is limited. This study aims to analyze the response and survival data of ICIs treatment in SCLC and to explore the predictive biomarkers.Methods:Forty-seven SCLC patients who received ICIs treatment from Peking University Cancer Hospital from May 2017 to September 2019 was recruited. Clinical characteristics including sex, age, smoking status, ICIs strategy, PD-L1 expression and therapeutic efficacy were collected to explore the clinical predictive biomarkers for SCLC ICIs treatment.Results:Among the 47 patients, 18 (38.3%) cases were partial repose (PR), 11 (23.4%) were stable disease (SD), 18 (38.3%) were progressive disease (PD), and the objective response rate (ORR) was 38.3%, disease control rate (DCR) was 61.7%, the median progression-free survival (PFS) was 5.3 months. ICIs monotherapy accounts for 27.7%, the ORR was 15.4%, DCR was 53.8%, median PFS was 2.7 months. Combined therapy accounts for 72.3%, the ORR was 47.1%, DCR was 64.7%, median PFS was 5.4 months. Fourteen (29.8%) patients received ICIs as the first line treatment, their ORR was 85.7%, DCR was 100%, median PFS was 9.1 month. The ORR was not related to the age, sex, body mass index (BMI), smoking status and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression ( P>0.05). The ORRs were higher in patients underwent PD-L1 monotherapy ( P=0.001), combined therapy ( P=0.002) and received ICIs as the first line treatment ( P<0.001). Log-rank analysis indicated that the PFS of female patients were 12.0 months, significantly longer than 4.4 months of male patients in ICIs treatment ( P=0.038). Patients who received PD-L1 monotherapy, combined treatment, or ICIs as the first line treatment had longer PFS than their counterparts, though no statistical significant was observed ( P>0.05). Cox multivariate analysis showed that, the gender was not an independent predictor for PFS in ICIs treatment ( HR=3.777, 95% CI=0.974~30.891, P=0.054). Conclusions:Immunotherapy is an effective treatment strategy for SCLC. Patients who receive combined ICIs treatment, first line ICIs treatment and PD-L1 treatment may get greater benefits. PD-L1 expression cannot predict the response and PFS in SCLC ICIs treatment.

Objective To evaluate the effects of chronic disease management on carotid atherosclerosis. Methods From May 2016 to October 2016, 500 subjects with carotid atherosclerosis diagnosed by ultrasound at the Physical examination center of the First Hospital of Jilin University were enrolled. The participants were aged 55?65(60.7±3.5) years. They were divided into the control group (n=250) and intervention group (n=250) using a random number table; a total of 20patients, 13 in the control group and 7 in the intervention group, were lost to follow-up at the end of the study. The control group only received anti-atherosclerosis treatment, while the intervention group underwent additional chronic disease management, and a 1-year follow-up study was conducted. The health of all the subjects was assessed at the beginning of the study and after the study, based on the health file. The chi-square test, two independent sample t-tests, and rank sum test were used to evaluate the effect of chronic disease management on carotid atherosclerosis. Results After 1 year of intervention, the proportion of patients with an unhealthy lifestyle (smoking, excessive drinking, high-salt diet intake, high-fat diet intake, lack of exercise, and overweight/obesity) decreased in the intervention group(10.3%, 13.1%, 7.8%, 8.6%, 6.2%, 28.0%, vs. 28.8%, 35.0%, 21.0%, 22.6%, 13.2%, 39.5%; χ2=26.49, 33.01, 17.09, 18.03, 6.80, 7.21; P<0.05), while the drug compliance increased(44.4% vs. 35.4%, χ2=4.15, P<0.05), and the total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoproteincholesterol (LDL-C), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), uric acid (UA) and blood pressure (BP) compliance rate also increased (91.8%, 73.3%, 83.1%, 83.1%, 52.3%, 76.5%, 74.1%, 60.5%, vs. 67.5%,72.8%,28.0%,58.8%, respectively; χ2=26.86, 8.92, 15.97, 7.49, 29.81, 17.39, respectively; P<0.05); all indicators, except the drug compliance control rate, were better than those in the control group. After 1 year of intervention, the degree of carotid atherosclerosis in the intervention group was significantly reduced compared to that in the control group. Conclusions Chronic disease management could effectively interfere the control risk factors of atherosclerosis, such as smoking, drinking, obesity or overweight, BP, levels of FPG, blood lipids, and UA, improve drug compliance, delay the progression of atherosclerosis and provide a basis for the construction of the atherosclerosis management model.

Objective: To explore the correlation of non-coding RNA and the tumor-associated antigen midkine (MK) in SKOV3cells and the clinical significance for diagnosis of ovarian cancer. Methods: The Agilent′s gene chips (miRNAs chip and lncRNAs chip) were used to analyze the differential expression of miRNAs and lncRNAs in both MK-overexpressing SKOV3-MK cells and the control SKOV3-Con cells to screen the potential biomarkers in ovarian cancer. The clinical significance of midkine in the serum and tissues samples was analyzed for the patients with ovarian cancer by quantitative PCR combined with clinical data. Results: Compared with control SKOV3-con cells, MK overexpression significantly promoted the expressions of 11 miRNAs and 7 lncRNAs in SKOV3 cells (P＜0.01, ratio＞3 fold), reduced the expressions of 8 miRNAs and 13 lncRNAs (P＜0.01, ratio＜0.3). Results of qPCR showed that the expression level of miR489 was significantly lower in ovarian cancer tissues than that of the contralateral normal ovarian tissues, while HOTAIR was significantly elevated (P＜0.05). The expression level of HOTAIR in the serum of ovarian cancer patients was significantly higher than that in healthy controls group with same age (0.036±0.024 vs 0.019±0.020, P=0.002). ROC curve analysis of HOTAIR showed that the specificity was 66.7%, the sensitivity was 75.6% and the AUC value was 0.749 as a marker for serum detection of ovarian cancer when the cutoff value was 0.017 6. Conclusion Long-chain non-coding RNA HOTAIR may be served as a potential biomarker in serum of ovarian cancer patients.

OBJECTIVE:To observe the effects of Salvia miltiorrhiza-volatile oil of Dalbergia odorifera on blood lipid and blood coagulation system in coronary heart disease myocardial ischemia miniature swine with blood stasis syndrome. METHODS:A total of 18 swine were randomly divided into sham operation group (routine feed),model group (routine feed) and S.miltiorrhiza-volatile oil of D. odorifera group(1 g/kg S. miltiorrhiza+0.1 mL/kg oil of D. odorifera,mixing administration),for consecutive 8 weeks. At 4th week,coronary heart disease myocardial ischemia model of blood stasis syndrome was established by Ameriod coarctation ring implantation in other 2 groups except for sham operation group. At 8th week,the syndrome of the model was observed according to coronary angiography and the macroscopic indications. At 2th,6th,8th week,intravenous blood was collected to test the serum levels of TC,TG,LDL-C,HDL-C,apolipoprotein A1(apoA1),apoB,PT,APTT,TT and FIB in miniature swine. RESULTS:At 6th,8th week,compared with sham operation group,serum levels of TC,TG,LDL-C,apoB and FIB were increased in model group,while PT,APTT and TT were shortened and the levels of HDL-C and apoA1 were decreased,with statistical significance(P<0.05 or P<0.01). Compared with model group,the serum levels of TC,TG,LDL-C and apoB were decreased in S. miltiorrhiza-volatile oil of D. odorifera group,while PT,APTT and TT were prolonged and the levels of HDL-C and apoA1 were increased, with statistical significance (P<0.05 or P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The S.miltiorrhiza-volatile oil of D. odorifera could reduce blood lipid and improve blood coagulation system index disorder in coronary heart disease myocardial ischemia miniature swine with blood stasis syndrome.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of common enterovirus infections among children in Hangzhou ,2016 .Methods A total of 2977 of throat swabs samples or stool samples from suspected children with enterovirus infection at Hangzhou Children′s Hospital in 2016 were collected . Enterovirus universal nucleic acid ,enterovirus type 71 (EV71) ,Coxsackievirus A (CoxA)16 ,CoxA6 , CoxA4 and CoxA10 were detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative polyoneras chain reaction .The detection positive rates among children with different genders and ages were compared by χ2 test .Results The total enterovirus positive rate of 2977 specimens was 49 .7％ (1480/2977) .Among them ,CoxA6 , EV71 ,CoxA16 ,CoxA4 ,CoxA10 and other enteroviruses accounted for 30 .2％ (447) ,19％ (281) , 10 .2％ (151) ,6 .8％ (101) ,3 .4％ (51) and 30 .3％ (449) ,respectively .Among 1480 enterovirus positive children ,882 cases were male and 598 were female ,with no statistical significance (χ2 = 4 .564 , P=0 .471) .The detection rates of enterovirus in children with hand ,foot and mouth disease (HFMD ) , herpangina and other diseases were 64 .4％ (1051/1632) ,52 .4％ (323/616) and 14 .5％ (106/729) , respectively .The difference among groups was significant (χ2 =503 .387 , P<0 .01) .The prevalences of CoxA6 ,EV71 and CoxA16 in enterovirus-positive HFMD children were 36 .7％ (386) ,25 .3％ (266) and 12 .4％ (130 ) , respectively . The prevalences of CoxA4 , CoxA6 and CoxA10 in enterovirus-positive herpangina children were 20 .1％ (65 ) , 14 .9％ (48 ) and 8 .7％ (28) , respectively , and those of entrovirus ,CoxA4 and CoxA6 in other enterovirus-positive specimens were 59 .4％ (63) ,14 .2％ (15) and 12 .3％ (13 ) , respectively . The enterovirus constituent ratios among children with HFMD , herpangina and other diseases was statistically different (χ2 =399 .758 ,P<0 .01) .The positive rates of enterovirus among different age groups were statistically different (χ2 = 142 .899 , P< 0 .01 );the constituent ratios of enterovirus among different age groups were also statistically different (χ2=106 .160 , P<0 .01) .Conclusion The enterovirus detection rate of CoxA6 is highest ,followed by EV71 and CoxA16 among children in Hangzhou ,2016 .