Recent years have witnessed significant advancements in myopia control research through the application of diffuse optical technology(DOT)spectacle lenses. Myopia has emerged as a global public health challenge, affecting nearly half of the world's population, with childhood and adolescent myopia rates continuing to rise. DOT lenses represent an innovative myopia control intervention based on retinal contrast signal theory. These lenses incorporate micro-light scattering dots distributed across the lens surface to reduce retinal imaging contrast and modulate the influence of visual input on axial elongation, thereby slowing myopia progression. The core mechanism operates through refractive index differences between the lens substrate(1.53)and scattering dots(1.50), which generate optical scattering effects. This design maintains clear vision through a central 5 mm optical zone while effectively reducing contrast signal intensity in the peripheral retina. Large-scale randomized controlled trials, including the CYPRESS study, have demonstrated significant myopia control efficacy in children aged 6-10 years: 12-month follow-up data revealed a 74% reduction in myopia progression and a 50% reduction in axial elongation, with sustained safety and visual quality maintained over 4-year long-term follow-up. However, several aspects of DOT technology remain contentious and require further clinical validation, including its applicability across different age groups, optimal scattering dot density configurations, combined application effects with other myopia control methods, and long-term visual adaptation during extended use. This review systematically examines the theoretical foundations, design characteristics, clinical application progress, and future development directions of DOT technology, providing scientific evidence for clinical myopia prevention and control strategy formulation.

Pulpitis is a common infective oral disease in clinical situations. The regulatory mechanisms of immune defense in pulpitis are still being investigated. Osteomodulin (OMD) is a small leucine-rich proteoglycan family member distributed in bones and teeth. It is a bioactive protein that promotes osteogenesis and suppresses the apoptosis of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). In this study, the role of OMD in pulpitis and the OMD-induced regulatory mechanism were investigated. The OMD expression in normal and inflamed human pulp tissues was detected via immunofluorescence staining. Intriguingly, the OMD expression decreased in the inflammatory infiltration area of pulpitis specimens. The cellular experiments demonstrated that recombined human OMD could resist the detrimental effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation. A conditional Omd knockout mouse model with pulpal inflammation was established. LPS-induced inflammatory impairment significantly increased in conditional Omd knockout mice, whereas OMD administration exhibited a protective effect against pulpitis. Mechanistically, the transcriptome alterations of OMD overexpression showed significant enrichment in the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway. Interleukin-1 receptor 1 (IL1R1), a vital membrane receptor activating the NF-κB pathway, was significantly downregulated in OMD-overexpressing hDPSCs. Additionally, the interaction between OMD and IL1R1 was verified using co-immunoprecipitation and molecular docking. In vivo, excessive pulpal inflammation in Omd-deficient mice was rescued using an IL1R antagonist. Overall, OMD played a protective role in the inflammatory response via the IL1R1/NF-κB signaling pathway. OMD may optimize the immunomodulatory functions of hDPSCs and can be used for regenerative endodontics.
Pulpitis/metabolism* ; NF-kappa B/metabolism* ; Animals ; Signal Transduction ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Dental Pulp/metabolism* ; Disease Models, Animal ; Lipopolysaccharides

Radiotherapy (RT) can potentially induce systemic immune responses by initiating immunogenic cell death (ICD) of tumor cells. However, RT-induced antitumor immunologic responses are sporadic and insufficient against cancer metastases. Herein, we construct multifunctional self-sufficient nanoparticles (MARS) with dual-enzyme activity (GOx and peroxidase-like) to trigger radical storms and activate the cascade-amplified systemic immune responses to suppress both local tumors and metastatic relapse. In addition to limiting the Warburg effect to actualize starvation therapy, MARS catalyzes glucose to produce hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), which is then used in the Cu⁺-mediated Fenton-like reaction and RT sensitization. RT and chemodynamic therapy produce reactive oxygen species in the form of radical storms, which have a robust ICD impact on mobilizing the immune system. Thus, when MARS is combined with RT, potent systemic antitumor immunity can be generated by activating antigen-presenting cells, promoting dendritic cells maturation, increasing the infiltration of cytotoxic T lymphocytes, and reprogramming the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, the synergistic therapy of RT and MARS effectively suppresses local tumor growth, increases mouse longevity, and results in a 90% reduction in lung metastasis and postoperative recurrence. Overall, we provide a viable approach to treating cancer by inducing radical storms and activating cascade-amplified systemic immunity.

【Objective】 To generate reference values for inspiratory muscle of preschool children in Nanjing, so as to provide a reference index for evaluating children′s lung function and exercise performance. 【Methods】 A total of 236 preschool children were selected from the main urban area of Nanjing by stratified cluster sampling.The inspiratory muscles were evaluated by breath link respiratory function evaluation system to obtain the maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP) and inspiratory peak flow rate.Pearson analysis was used to determine the correlation of MIP and inspiratory peak flow rate with gender, age, height and weight.Multiple linear stepwise regression analysis was used to obtain the formula of MIP and inspiratory peak flow rate. 【Results】 Differences in MIP and peak inspiratory flow rate were not significant between boys and girls (P>0.05), but were statistically significant among different age groups and showed an increasing trend with age (F=13.660, 33.581, P<0.001).MIP and peak inspiratory flow rate were positively correlated with children′s age, height and weight (P<0.001).The regression model, proved to be statistically significant(F=12.913、22.398, P<0.08), indicated that height was the best predictor of MIP and age was the best predictor of inspiratory peak flow rate. 【Conclusions】 This study is the first study on the predicted value of inspiratory muscle in preschool children in China.The predicted value formula can provide a reference for clinical inspiratory muscle evaluation.

AIM: To analyze changes in the ocular surface parameters of keratoconus after long-term wearing of rigid gas permeable contact lens(RGPCL).METHODS:Prospective case study. A total of 113 keratoconus patients(213 eyes)fitted with RGPCL in the optometry center of Gansu Provincial Hospital from January 2018 to January 2022 were included. They were divided into three groups according to the severity of keratoconus, including 42 cases(80 eyes)in mild keratoconus group, 54 cases(102 eyes)in moderate keratoconus group and 17 cases(31 eyes)in severe keratoconus group. Furthermore, the non-invasive tear break-up time(NIBUT), non-invasive tear meniscus height(NITMH), red eye index, lipid layer thickness, fluorescent corneal staining, meibomian gland secretory function, Schirmer I test and ocular surface disease index(OSDI)scores were observed by Keratograph analyzer before and after wearing RGPCL for 1 wk, 1, 3, 6, 12 mo, respectively.RESULTS: There were no statistical significance in the age, NIBUT, NITMH, lipid layer thickness, meibomian gland secretory function and Schirmer I test among the three groups(P>0.05), while there were statistical significance in the sphere, cylinder, spherical equivalent, best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), non-contact intraocular pressure(IOPNCT), anterior, posterior corneal surface Kmax, corneal surface thickness at the thinnest point, eye redness index, fluorescent corneal staining, and OSDI(P<0.05). In the mild keratoconus group, NIBUT had statistical differences at 3, 6 and 12 mo after wearing RGPCL(P<0.05), NITMH had statistical differences in 6 and 12 mo(P<0.05), the eye redness index, fluorescent corneal staining and OSDI scores had statistical differences in 1 wk and 1 mo(P<0.05), and lipid layer thickness and meibomian gland secretory function had statistical differences in 12 mo(P<0.05). In the moderate keratoconus group, there were statistical differences in NIBUT at 6 and 12 mo after wearing lenses(P<0.05); there were statistical differences in the NITMH, lipid layer thickness and meibomian secretory function at 12 mo after wearing lens(P<0.05); there were statistical differences in the eye redness index at 1 wk, 1 and 3 mo after wearing RGPCL(P<0.05); there were statistical differences in the fluorescent corneal staining at 1 wk after wearing RGPCL(P<0.05); there were statistical differences in the OSDI at 1 wk and 1 mo after wearing RGPCL(P<0.05). In the severe keratoconus group, there were statistical differences in the NIBUT, NITMH and eye redness index at 1 wk, 1, 3, 6 and 12 mo after wearing RGPCL(P<0.05); there were statistical differences in the lipid layer thickness at 6,12 mo after wearing RGPCL(P<0.05); there were statistical differences in the fluorescent corneal staining and OSDI scores at 1 wk, 6 and 12 mo after wearing RGPCL(P<0.05); there were statistical differences in the meibomian secretory function at 6 and 12 mo after wearing RGPCL(P<0.05); and there were statistical differences in the Schirmer I test at 12 mo after wearing RGPCL(P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Long-term wearing of RGPCL can affect the ocular surface microcirculation in keratoconus patients, thus making differences in patients subjective. However, it has no significant impact on the visual quality of patients. Therefore, long-term wearing of RGPCL is safely to control the progression of keratoconus.

OBJECTIVE To investigate a method for dynamic monitoring of drug consumption （DMDC） based on statistical process control （SPC）， aiming to improve the macro-supervisory capacity in the process of drug utilization. METHODS The lists of key monitoring drug varieties in our hospital were established based on drug cost and relevant national documents. Monthly consumption data of key monitoring drug varieties in the entire hospital， outpatient pharmacy and inpatient pharmacy were taken as monitoring objects，and the DMDC model was established using SPC’s X control chart， moving range control chart， and exponentially weighted moving-average control chart， monitoring from three dimensions： single-month consumption， range variation， and consumption trend. Rosuvastatin， metoprolol and meropenem were taken as examples to demonstrate the monitoring capabilities of the DMDC model. RESULTS Lists of key monitoring drug varieties were established for entire hospital， outpatient pharmacy and inpatient pharmacy， containing 203， 167 and 200 varieties， respectively. After excluding drug varieties that could not be modeled and for which modeling failed， 179， 116 and 172 DMDC models were successfully established for these three drug consumption areas， respectively. During the first four months of 2024， these three groups of model separately warned 54， 32 and 62 drug varieties. The DMDC model successfully monitored the monthly consumption of drugs，such as rosuvastatin throughout the hospital， metoprolol in outpatient pharmacy， and meropenem in inpatient pharmacy. Compared with the previously used floating rate ranking method in our hospital， the application of the DMDC model significantly improved the scope and depth of drug monitoring， with the monitored drug varieties greatly expanded from about 50 to 179， and the monitoring dimensions increased from a single dimension to three. CONCLUSIONS The DMDC model based on SPC is effective and feasible，suitable for monitoring drug varieties with stable monthly consumption.

Objective To investigate the changes of blood lipid and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in obese type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients and their relationship with insulin resistance (Homa-IR). Methods A total of 120 cases of T2DM newly diagnosed in Motuo County, Tibet from February to October 2022 were selected as the observation group. According to BMI, the patients were divided into diabetes normal weight group (46 cases), overweight group (43 cases) and obesity group (31 cases); 145 healthy subjects were selected as the control group. The levels of HbA1c, fasting blood glucose (FPG), fasting insulin (FINS), serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) were detected in the study subjects, and Homa-IR and Homa-β indices were calculated. The height, weight, and abdominal circumference were measured. The differences in the levels of the above indicators between the observation group patients and the control group, as well as among various subgroups within the observation group were compared. The influencing factors of Homa-IR in obese T2DM patients were analyzed. Results Compared with the control group, a significant increase in BMI, abdominal circumference, blood pressure, HbA1c, FBG, FINS, TC, TG, LDL-C, UA, visceral fat area, and the levels of Home-IR and Home-β was found in the observation group (all P<0.05). There were significant differences in BMI, abdominal circumference, and the levels of FINS, Homa IR, Homa-β, and HbA1c in diabetes patients with different BMI (all P<0.05). Correlation analysis showed that TG levels in obese T2DM patients in the observation group were significantly correlated with HbA1c (r=0.396, P=0.027), Homa-IR (r=0.405, P=0.024), and Home-β (r=-0.401, P=0.025); LDL-C was significantly correlated with Homa-IR (r=0.411, P=0.022) and Homa-β (r=-0.412, P=0.021); HbA1c was significantly positively correlated with BMI (r=0.371, P=0.040). Conclusion Insulin resistance is closely related to TG, LDL-C, and BMI in obese T2DM patients from the Motuo ethnic minority of Tibet, suggesting that these factors may play a role in the occurrence of T2DM.

Objective: To investigate the potential mechanism of Wendan decoction in obesity by screening target genes with promoter region methylation changes and constructing a multiple signaling pathways network based on promoter methylation. Methods: The methylation degree of Itgad, Col8a1, Adra2b, Jund, Rab2a, Wnt8b, Fzd9, B4galt7, Pik3cd, Creb1, Stard8, and Mmp1 in the abdominal adipose tissue of obese rats was determined using the Agena MassARRAY system. Western blot was performed to assess protein expression levels. Target genes were identified based on the methylation degree in the promoter region and protein expression. Enrichment analysis of signaling pathways was conducted to identify relevant target genes and obtain a multiple signaling pathway network associated with obesity. Core and terminal effector molecules in the pathway networks were selected as research targets for reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis. Results: Four genes (Adra2b, Creb1, Itgad, and Pik3cd) showed a degree of promoter methylation consistent with their respective protein expression levels. Among them, Adra2b, Creb1, and Pik3cd expression increased, while that of Itgad decreased. Enrichment analysis revealed that Creb1 and Pik3cd were involved in 6 signaling pathways related to obesity: tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling pathway, growth hormone synthesis/secretion and action, adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway, relaxin signaling pathway, cyclic nucleotide (cAMP) signaling pathway, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) signaling pathway. Subsequently, a multiple signaling pathways network was constructed based on promoter methylation. Key molecules including protein kinase B (AKT), mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), and unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1 (ULK1), as well as terminal effector molecules interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 (CXCL2) were selected as research targets. Wendan decoction decreased the expressions of AKT, mTORC1, IL-1β, IL-6, and CXCL2 while up-regulating ULK1 expression. Conclusion The mechanism of Wendan decoction in preventing obesity involves the regulation of multiple signaling pathways through the control of Creb1 and Pik3cd gene promoter methylation. However, the associated multi-path gene regulation mechanism in preventing obesity is complex. Thus, further exploration is needed to elucidate the role of methylation changes in this mechanism.

Background Schizophrenia patients often face high level of stigma and low level of self-esteem,significantly hindering their recovery.Mindfulness-based intervention has proven be effective in reducing stigma and improving self-esteem.However,traditional mindfulness intervention typically involve high costs and require long-term professional involvement.Objective To explore the effects of blended mindfulness interventions on stigma and self-esteem in patients with stable schizophrenia,so as to provide references for reducing stigma,enhancing self-esteem and promoting recovery.Methods Patients receiving outpatient treatment at the Third Hospital of Daqing from June 2022 to January 2023,who met the diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia in the International Classification of Diseases,tenth edition(ICD-10)and were in a stable phase,were recruited for the study(n=84).According to the random number table method,participants were randomly assigned to study group and control group,with 42 cases in each group.Both groups received treatment with the second-generation antipsychotic medications,while the study group additionally received blended mindfulness intervention for 8 weeks,with sessions lasting 45～60 minutes,three times a week.Both groups were evaluated with Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire(FFMQ),Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness Inventory(ISMI)and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale(RSES)at baseline and after 8-week intervention.Covariance analysis was used to compare the FFMQ,ISMI and SES scores between two groups after 8-week intervention.Results After 8-week intervention,there were statistically significant differences between two groups in total FFMQ scores,as well as in the observation,acting with awareness,non-judgment and non-reactivity subscale scores(F=50.680,12.952,13.567,22.799,14.043,P<0.01).Statistically significant differences were observed in total ISMI scores,and in the alienation,stereotype endorsement,discrimination experience,stigma resistance and social withdrawal subscale scores(F=513.125,148.990,125.055,75.996,154.850,54.125,P<0.01).The difference in RSES scores between two groups was also statistically significant(F=19.478,P<0.01).Conclusion Blended mindfulness intervention may help improve the mindfulness and self-esteem in stable schizophrenia patients while reducing stigma.