Animal model research on spleen and stomach diseases in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） is of great significance for elucidating the nature of diseases and syndromes and for revealing the mechanisms of action of Chinese herbal medicinals. At present， studies on classical TCM syndrome models of spleen and stomach diseases mainly focus on spleen deficiency syndrome， liver constraint syndrome， and damp-heat syndrome. Model construction is mostly based on the etiological and pathophysiological characteristics of syndrome， and model evaluation primarily involves macroscopic manifestations and physicochemical indicators. This paper summarizes the current research status of animal models integrating disease and syndrome for seven common spleen and stomach diseases， including chronic gastritis and gastric precancerous lesions， gastroesophageal reflux disease， functional dyspepsia， inflammatory bowel disease， irritable bowel syndrome， functional constipation， and functional diarrhea. The modeling methods and characteristics of disease-syndrome combined animal models for each disease are analyzed. It is proposed that future research on disease-syndrome integration in spleen and stomach diseases should move toward syste-matic， precise， and integrative development， and that interdisciplinary and cross-disciplinary research approaches should be adopted to enhance the predictive value and application efficiency of disease-syndrome combined animal models.

Objective To observe the effect of ultrasound-guided intercostal nerve block(ICNB)on stress response and postoperative pain in patients with transaxillay gasless endoscopic thyroidectomy(TGET).Methods A total of 60 patients who underwent TGET at Ganzhou People's Hospital from January 2023 to December 2024 were enrolled as subjects,they were divided into ICNB group(n=30)and control group(n=30),by using a random number table method.Intraoperative anesthetic dosage,pain scores within 24 hours postoperatively,levels of prostaglandin E2,norepinephrine,and cortisol,as well as the incidence rates of postoperative adverse reactions including nausea and drowsiness were compared between two groups.Results The dosage of propofol and remifentanil in ICNB group during the operation was lower than that in control group.Prince-Henry score 24h after the operation in ICNB group was lower than that in control group.Levels of prostaglandin E2,norepinephrine and cortisol in ICNB group were all lower than those in control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).The incidences of postoperative nausea and drowsiness in ICNB group were lower than those in control group.Conclusion Ultrasound-guided ICNB for TGET can reduce the use of anesthetic drugs during the operation,alleviate patient's stress response and postoperative pain,and lower the incidence of postoperative adverse reactions.

Objective To conduct a scoping review of studies on nurses' self-efficacy in disaster contexts,and to provide references for enhancing nurses' self-efficacy in disaster response.Methods Guided by the methodology of scoping review,we systematically searched PubMed,Web of Science,Cochrane Library,CINAHL,China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),Wanfang Data,VIP Database,and China Biology Medicine disc(CBM)from inception to July 3,2025.Totally 2 researchers independently screened the search results,summarized them,and extracted relevant data.Results A total of 21 studies were included.Nurses' self-efficacy in disaster contexts was generally at a moderate level,influenced by multiple factors including sociodemographic characteristics,occupational background,and physical and mental health status.The main assessment tools were the General Self-Efficacy Scale and the Disaster Response Self-Efficacy Scale.Interventions included psychological first aid training,scenario simulation training,and immersive movie escape room training.Conclusion Nurses' self-efficacy in disaster contexts is generally at a moderate level with multiple influencing factors.Relevant assessment tools need further optimization,and interventions require further refinement.

Objective To observe the effect of ultrasound-guided intercostal nerve block(ICNB)on stress response and postoperative pain in patients with transaxillay gasless endoscopic thyroidectomy(TGET).Methods A total of 60 patients who underwent TGET at Ganzhou People's Hospital from January 2023 to December 2024 were enrolled as subjects,they were divided into ICNB group(n=30)and control group(n=30),by using a random number table method.Intraoperative anesthetic dosage,pain scores within 24 hours postoperatively,levels of prostaglandin E2,norepinephrine,and cortisol,as well as the incidence rates of postoperative adverse reactions including nausea and drowsiness were compared between two groups.Results The dosage of propofol and remifentanil in ICNB group during the operation was lower than that in control group.Prince-Henry score 24h after the operation in ICNB group was lower than that in control group.Levels of prostaglandin E2,norepinephrine and cortisol in ICNB group were all lower than those in control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).The incidences of postoperative nausea and drowsiness in ICNB group were lower than those in control group.Conclusion Ultrasound-guided ICNB for TGET can reduce the use of anesthetic drugs during the operation,alleviate patient's stress response and postoperative pain,and lower the incidence of postoperative adverse reactions.

Objective To conduct a scoping review of studies on nurses' self-efficacy in disaster contexts,and to provide references for enhancing nurses' self-efficacy in disaster response.Methods Guided by the methodology of scoping review,we systematically searched PubMed,Web of Science,Cochrane Library,CINAHL,China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),Wanfang Data,VIP Database,and China Biology Medicine disc(CBM)from inception to July 3,2025.Totally 2 researchers independently screened the search results,summarized them,and extracted relevant data.Results A total of 21 studies were included.Nurses' self-efficacy in disaster contexts was generally at a moderate level,influenced by multiple factors including sociodemographic characteristics,occupational background,and physical and mental health status.The main assessment tools were the General Self-Efficacy Scale and the Disaster Response Self-Efficacy Scale.Interventions included psychological first aid training,scenario simulation training,and immersive movie escape room training.Conclusion Nurses' self-efficacy in disaster contexts is generally at a moderate level with multiple influencing factors.Relevant assessment tools need further optimization,and interventions require further refinement.

Objective To investigate the effect of transcutaneous electric acupoint stimulation(TEAS)on stress response and the incidence of postoperative delirium in elderly patients with thyroid cancer after radical surgery under general anesthesia.Methods 62 elderly patients who underwent radical thyroidectomy under general anesthesia in Ganzhou People's Hospital from November 2023 to February 2025 were selected and divided into the TEAS group(T group)and the sham stimulation group(C group)by the random number table method,with 31 cases in each group.Observe the postoperative stress response levels and the occurrence of delirium in two groups of patients.Results The level of postoperative stress response in T group was lower than that in C group(P＜0.05).The incidence of delirium 3 days before operation in T group was lower than that in C group,but there was no statistical difference(P＞0.05).Conclusion TEAS can effectively relieve post-operative stress reaction,stabilize cardiovascular function and improve agitation during extubation in elderly patients with thyroid cancer during recovery from general anesthesia.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of adjuvant intervention of Fuyuan Fuheng Decoction for chemotherapy in the treatment of patients with colorectal cancer(CRC)of spleen-kidney deficiency syndrome,and to observe its effects on cellular immune function,adverse reactions and the prognosis of CRC treated by chemotherapy.Methods From January 2021 to January 2023,a retrospective study was conducted on 120 patients with CRC of spleen-kidney deficiency syndrome admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine.The patients were divided into a study group and a control group according to the treatment protocols,with 60 patients in each group.The patients of the two groups were treated by radical resection of CRC,and then the control group was given mFOLFOX6 chemotherapy(5-Fluorouracil+Oxaliplatin+Calcium Folinate)while the study group was given Fuyuan Fuheng Decoction together with mFOLFOX6 chemotherapy after operation.Fourteen days constituted a cycle of treatment,and the two groups were given 12 consecutive cycles of treatment.Before and after treatment,the two groups were observed in the changes of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndrome scores,cellular immune function indicators[T-lymphocyte subsets CD3+,CD4+,CD4+/CD8+and natural killer(NK)cells],European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30(EORTC QLQ-C30)scores,Piper's Fatigue Scale(PFS)scores of cancer-related fatigue,Karnofsky Performance Status(KPS)scores,and prognosis-related markers[carbohydrate antigen 199(CA199),carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA),vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)].After treatment,the therapeutic efficacy,the incidence of adverse reactions,and the one-year survival rate of the two groups were compared.Results(1)After 12 cycles of treatment,the overall response rate of the study group was 75.00％(45/60),which was significantly higher than that of the control group[53.33％(32/60)],the difference being statistically significant(x2=6.125,P＜0.05).(2)After treatment,the scores of TCM symptoms of fatigue and weakness,soreness and weakness in the waist and knee,poor appetite,vertigo and dizziness,and loose stools in the two groups were significantly decreased compared with those before treatment(P＜0.05),and the decrease in the study group was significantly superior to that in the control group(P＜0.01).(3)After treatment,the levels of cellular immune function indicators of peripheral T-lymphocyte subset CD3+,CD4+,CD4+/CD8+,and NK cells of the two groups were all decreased compared with those before treatment(P＜0.05),but the decrease in the study group was significantly milder than that in the control group(P＜0.01).(4)After treatment,the EORTC QLQ-C30 score and KPS score in the two groups were increased compared with those before treatment(P＜0.05),and the PFS score was decreased compared with that before treatment(P＜0.05).The increase of the EORTC QLQ-C30 score and KPS score as well as the decrease of the PFS score in the study group were significantly superior to that in the control group(P＜0.01).(5)After treatment,the serum levels of prognosis-related markers of CA199,CEA,VEGF,and LDH in the two groups were significantly decreased compared with those before treatment(P＜0.05),and the decrease in the study group was significantly superior to that in the control group(P＜0.01).(6)The incidence of adverse reactions such as nausea/vomiting,gastrointestinal reactions,thrombocytopenia,leukopenia,and erythrocytopenia in the study group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).(7)One year of follow-up after the completion of treatment showed that three cases in the study group and five cases in the control group fell off during the follow-up period.Among the patients who completed the follow-up,the survival rate of the study group was 96.49％(55/57),which was significantly higher than that of the control group[83.64％(46/55)],the difference being statistically significant(x2=5.223,P=0.022).Conclusion Adjuvant intervention of Fuyuan Fuheng Decoction can enhance the overall response rate of the patients with CRC treated by mFOLFOX6 chemotherapy,and is effective on improving clinical symptoms,immune function,and performance status of the patients,enhancing the quality of life,alleviating cancer-related fatigue,increasing the survival rate,reducing the incidence of adverse reactions,and then improving the prognosis of the patients.

Objective To investigate the effect of transcutaneous electric acupoint stimulation(TEAS)on stress response and the incidence of postoperative delirium in elderly patients with thyroid cancer after radical surgery under general anesthesia.Methods 62 elderly patients who underwent radical thyroidectomy under general anesthesia in Ganzhou People's Hospital from November 2023 to February 2025 were selected and divided into the TEAS group(T group)and the sham stimulation group(C group)by the random number table method,with 31 cases in each group.Observe the postoperative stress response levels and the occurrence of delirium in two groups of patients.Results The level of postoperative stress response in T group was lower than that in C group(P＜0.05).The incidence of delirium 3 days before operation in T group was lower than that in C group,but there was no statistical difference(P＞0.05).Conclusion TEAS can effectively relieve post-operative stress reaction,stabilize cardiovascular function and improve agitation during extubation in elderly patients with thyroid cancer during recovery from general anesthesia.

The methodological framework for interventional clinical research of Chinese medicine （CM） under the research mode of syndrome dominating disease provides a set of technical principles and methods to design， evaluate， and implement of this kind. It consists of three main parts including general principles， research points and key design elements， with a total of 25 items. This methodological framework proposes implementing requirements and recommendations in a variety of aspects， including basic norms to be followed in relevant studies， perspectives for selecting research topics， as well as the technological details on study population （P）， intervention （I） and comparison（C）， outcome measurement （O）， time frame （T） of treatment and follow-up， sample orientation （prospective versus retrospective）， study design （S） format and type. To provide practical guidance for future studies， this article clearly explains each items of the methodological framework through some supportive cases.

Background Schizophrenia patients often face high level of stigma and low level of self-esteem,significantly hindering their recovery.Mindfulness-based intervention has proven be effective in reducing stigma and improving self-esteem.However,traditional mindfulness intervention typically involve high costs and require long-term professional involvement.Objective To explore the effects of blended mindfulness interventions on stigma and self-esteem in patients with stable schizophrenia,so as to provide references for reducing stigma,enhancing self-esteem and promoting recovery.Methods Patients receiving outpatient treatment at the Third Hospital of Daqing from June 2022 to January 2023,who met the diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia in the International Classification of Diseases,tenth edition(ICD-10)and were in a stable phase,were recruited for the study(n=84).According to the random number table method,participants were randomly assigned to study group and control group,with 42 cases in each group.Both groups received treatment with the second-generation antipsychotic medications,while the study group additionally received blended mindfulness intervention for 8 weeks,with sessions lasting 45～60 minutes,three times a week.Both groups were evaluated with Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire(FFMQ),Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness Inventory(ISMI)and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale(RSES)at baseline and after 8-week intervention.Covariance analysis was used to compare the FFMQ,ISMI and SES scores between two groups after 8-week intervention.Results After 8-week intervention,there were statistically significant differences between two groups in total FFMQ scores,as well as in the observation,acting with awareness,non-judgment and non-reactivity subscale scores(F=50.680,12.952,13.567,22.799,14.043,P<0.01).Statistically significant differences were observed in total ISMI scores,and in the alienation,stereotype endorsement,discrimination experience,stigma resistance and social withdrawal subscale scores(F=513.125,148.990,125.055,75.996,154.850,54.125,P<0.01).The difference in RSES scores between two groups was also statistically significant(F=19.478,P<0.01).Conclusion Blended mindfulness intervention may help improve the mindfulness and self-esteem in stable schizophrenia patients while reducing stigma.