[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.07.004.].

Objective This study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial resistance profiles of bacterial strains isolated from pediatric intensive care units(PICU)in China for better antimicrobial therapy.Methods Clinical isolates were collected from 17 institutions,including tertiary care children's hospitals and pediatric department of tertiary general hospitals in China from January 1,2020 to December 31,2022.Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out according to a unified protocol using Kirby-Bauer method or automated systems.Results were interpreted according to the breakpoints released by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI)in 2020.Results A total of 10 688 isolates were collected,including gram-positive organisms(39.2％)and gram-negative organisms(60.8％).The top three organisms were S.aureus(13.6％,1 453/10 688),A.baumannii(10.0％,1 067/10 688),and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus(9.9％,1 058/10 688).Multi-drug resistant organisms(MDROs)were very common in children.The prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA),carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales(CRE),carbapenem-resistant E.coli,carbapenem-resistant K.pneumoniae(CRKP),carbapenem-resistant A.baumannii(CRAB),and carbapenem-resistant P.aeruginosa(CRPA)was 41.1％,19.4％,8.8％,30.9％,67.4％,and 28.8％,respectively.Overall,more than 50％of Enterobacteriales isolates were resistant to cephalosporins,while nearly 25％of Enterobacteriales isolates were resistant to carbapenems.MDROs were highly resistant to commonly used antibiotics.More than 80％of CRE and CRAB strains were resistant to all beta-lactam antibiotics.CRE and CRAB showed low resistance rates to tigecycline and polymyxin.CRPA showed lower resistance rates to piperacillin,beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations than the resistance rates to third and fourth generation cephalosporins.All of the Staphylococcus and Enterococcus isolates were susceptible to vancomycin and tigecycline.None of PRSP strains isolated from meningitis and nonmeningitis samples were resistant to rifampicin,vancomycin,or linezolid.The prevalence of β-lactamase-negative ampicillin-resistant(BLNAR)strains was 43.3％in Haemophilus influenzae.Conclusions MDROs were prevalent in PICU.It is necessary to establish an effective multidisciplinary team(MDT)to control the antimicrobial resistance.

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics as well as infection prevention and control strategies of patients with Candida auris(C.auris)infection/colonization.Methods Clinical characteristics as well as preven-tion and control measures of patients detected with C.auris in a general hospital from September 2023 to March 2024 were analyzed,prevention and control measures were evaluated.Results A total of 9 patients were detected C.auris,and the specimen sources were urine from 5 cases(55.56％),sputum from 3 cases(33.33％),and ab-dominal drainage fluid from 1 case(11.11％).There were 5 cases of community-associated infection(55.56％),3 cases of community colonization(33.33％),and 1 case of hospital colonization(11.11％).There were 5 cases of deaths(55.56％),3 cases of discharges(33.33％),and 1 case of transfer(11.11％).Through measures such as training,early warning,single-room isolation,personal protection,hand hygiene,environmental cleaning and disin-fection and strengthening supervision on sampling process,supervising sampling detection and screening,terminal disinfection,and ensuring a qualified detection result of specimens before admitting new patients,no C.auris was detected from patient's surrounding environment sampling,and no cross-transmission occurred in the hospital.Conclusion Paying attention to the implementation of prevention and control measures for C.auris infection can effectively control the occurrence and cross transmission of healthcare-associated infection.

Objective This study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial resistance profiles of bacterial strains isolated from pediatric intensive care units(PICU)in China for better antimicrobial therapy.Methods Clinical isolates were collected from 17 institutions,including tertiary care children's hospitals and pediatric department of tertiary general hospitals in China from January 1,2020 to December 31,2022.Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out according to a unified protocol using Kirby-Bauer method or automated systems.Results were interpreted according to the breakpoints released by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI)in 2020.Results A total of 10 688 isolates were collected,including gram-positive organisms(39.2％)and gram-negative organisms(60.8％).The top three organisms were S.aureus(13.6％,1 453/10 688),A.baumannii(10.0％,1 067/10 688),and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus(9.9％,1 058/10 688).Multi-drug resistant organisms(MDROs)were very common in children.The prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA),carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales(CRE),carbapenem-resistant E.coli,carbapenem-resistant K.pneumoniae(CRKP),carbapenem-resistant A.baumannii(CRAB),and carbapenem-resistant P.aeruginosa(CRPA)was 41.1％,19.4％,8.8％,30.9％,67.4％,and 28.8％,respectively.Overall,more than 50％of Enterobacteriales isolates were resistant to cephalosporins,while nearly 25％of Enterobacteriales isolates were resistant to carbapenems.MDROs were highly resistant to commonly used antibiotics.More than 80％of CRE and CRAB strains were resistant to all beta-lactam antibiotics.CRE and CRAB showed low resistance rates to tigecycline and polymyxin.CRPA showed lower resistance rates to piperacillin,beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations than the resistance rates to third and fourth generation cephalosporins.All of the Staphylococcus and Enterococcus isolates were susceptible to vancomycin and tigecycline.None of PRSP strains isolated from meningitis and nonmeningitis samples were resistant to rifampicin,vancomycin,or linezolid.The prevalence of β-lactamase-negative ampicillin-resistant(BLNAR)strains was 43.3％in Haemophilus influenzae.Conclusions MDROs were prevalent in PICU.It is necessary to establish an effective multidisciplinary team(MDT)to control the antimicrobial resistance.

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics as well as infection prevention and control strategies of patients with Candida auris(C.auris)infection/colonization.Methods Clinical characteristics as well as preven-tion and control measures of patients detected with C.auris in a general hospital from September 2023 to March 2024 were analyzed,prevention and control measures were evaluated.Results A total of 9 patients were detected C.auris,and the specimen sources were urine from 5 cases(55.56％),sputum from 3 cases(33.33％),and ab-dominal drainage fluid from 1 case(11.11％).There were 5 cases of community-associated infection(55.56％),3 cases of community colonization(33.33％),and 1 case of hospital colonization(11.11％).There were 5 cases of deaths(55.56％),3 cases of discharges(33.33％),and 1 case of transfer(11.11％).Through measures such as training,early warning,single-room isolation,personal protection,hand hygiene,environmental cleaning and disin-fection and strengthening supervision on sampling process,supervising sampling detection and screening,terminal disinfection,and ensuring a qualified detection result of specimens before admitting new patients,no C.auris was detected from patient's surrounding environment sampling,and no cross-transmission occurred in the hospital.Conclusion Paying attention to the implementation of prevention and control measures for C.auris infection can effectively control the occurrence and cross transmission of healthcare-associated infection.

Objective:To analyze the morphology and molecular biology and clarify the taxonomic status of one Cupriavidus species strain SZY C1 isolated from clinical wound specimens. Methods:Strain SZY C1 was subjected to physiological and biochemical identification, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and whole genome sequencing. Its genomic features and virulence genes were analyzed using bioinformatics software.Results:Strain SZY C1 was a gram-negative, non-fermenting bacterium wihout flagella and the ability to form spores. After culturing on Columbia blood agar plates for 24 h, it formed grayish-white colonies that were round, raised, opaque, and had neatly defined margins. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain SZY C1 belonged to the genus Cupriavidus with the highest 98.52% similarity to Cupriavidus metallicuns. The genome size of strain SZY C1 was determined to be 5 515 517 bp, with a G+ C content of 67.87%. Whole genome sequencing showed that strain SZY C1 had the closest phylogenetic relationship with Cupriavidus agavae, with an average nucleotide identity value of 84.76% and a digital DNA-DNA hybridization value of 29.1%, which were lower than the identification threshold for prokaryotic species. The strain SZY C1 carried multiple virulence genes, drug resistance genes, and heavy metal resistance genes. Conclusions:Based on phenotypic and genomic analyses, the strain SZY C1 is a potential new species of the Cupriavidus genus.

ObjectiveTo investigate the influence of different diagnostic criteria on the short-term prognosis of patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure （ACLF）. MethodsA total of 115 ACLF patients who were hospitalized in Department of Gastroenterology， The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University， from January 2018 to January 2022 were enrolled， and all patients received internal medical treatment combined with artificial liver therapy. According to the guidelines， the patients were divided into CMA guideline group （Diagnostic and treatment guidelines for liver failure by Chinese Medical Association）（n=100）， APASL guideline group （Consensus statements of Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver）（n=94）， and EASL guideline group （Criteria proposed by European Association for the Study of the Liver）（n=36）. The above three guidelines were compared in terms of 90-day mortality rate. A one-way analysis of variance was used for comprision of continuous date between groups； the chi-square test was used for comprision of categorical date between groups. The receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curve of related variables. ResultsThe 90-day mortality rate was 50.0% in the CMA guideline group， 51.1% in the APASL guideline group， and 77.8% in the EASL guideline group， and the EASL guideline group had a significantly higher 90-day mortality rate than the CMA guideline group （χ²=8.351， P=0.004） and the APASL guideline group （χ²=7.650， P=0.006）. EASL guideline had a sensitivity of 22.2% and a specificity of 92.3% in predicting the risk of short-term mortality， with an area under the ROC curve was 0.576. ConclusionACLF patients who meet EASL guideline tend to have a worse short-term prognosis， and this guideline may help to identify patients at a relatively high risk of short-term death.

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) is one of the most lethal malignancies. Although gemcitabine (GEM) is a standard treatment for PAAD, resistance limits its application and therapy. Secoemestrin C (Sec C) is a natural compound from the endophytic fungus Emericella, and its anticancer activity has not been investigated since it was isolated. Our research is the first to indicate that Sec C is a broad-spectrum anticancer agent and could exhibit potently similar anticancer activity both in GEM-resistant and GEM-sensitive PAAD cells. Interestingly, Sec C exerted a rapid growth-inhibiting effect (80% death at 6 h), which might be beneficial for patients who need rapid tumor shrinkage before surgery. Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) reverse assays show that Sec C sulfates cysteines to disrupt disulfide-bonds formation in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) proteins to cause protein misfolding, leading to ER stress and disorder of lipid biosynthesis. Microarray data and subsequent assays show that ER stress-mediated ER-associated degradation (ERAD) ubiquitinates and downregulates YAP to enhance ER stress via destruction complex (YAP-Axin-GSK-βTrCP), which also elucidates a unique degrading style for YAP. Potent anticancer activity in GEM-resistant cells and low toxicity make Sec C a promising anti-PAAD candidate.

Objective:To study the change of bifrontal metabolite concentration in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and its relationship with substantia alba demyelination using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) combined with linear combination of model (LCModel) quantitative technique.Methods:From May 2016 to December 2018, 25 patients with MCI (group A; 12 males, 13 females, age (60.5±5.2) years) and 15 healthy control subjects (group B; 6 males, 9 females, age (59.5±3.5) years) in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College were prospectively enrolled. The MCI patients were classified into 2 subgroups according to MRI results: group A1 with substantia alba demyelination (7 males, 4 females, age (62.1±3.9) years) and group A2 without substantia alba demyelination (5 males, 9 females, age (59.2±5.8) years). Software LCModel was used to quantitatively analyze the MRS original data and measure the absolute concentration of N-acetylaspartate compound (NAA), creatine compound (Cr), choline-containing compound (Cho), myoinositol (mI) and ratios of NAA/Cr, Cho/Cr, mI/Cr, NAA/mI in bilateral frontal lobe. Independent-sample t test was used to analyze the inter-group differences of the above parameters, while Pearson correlation analysis was performed to analyze correlations between the above parameters and cognitive function scores. Results:Compared with group B, group A had higher mI of both left and right frontal lobes (left: (5.19±1.28) vs (4.32±0.83), right: (4.87±1.11) vs (3.85±0.98); t values: 2.34, 2.93, both P<0.05); the mI/Cr of right frontal lobe in group A was also higher (1.19±0.31 vs 0.98±0.25; t=2.21, P<0.05), while the NAA/mI of right frontal lobe was lower (1.37±0.34 vs 1.78±0.47; t=-3.16, P<0.01). Differences of other parameters between group A and group B, and those between group A1 and group A2 were not significantly different ( t values: -1.70 to 1.35, all P>0.05). The mI of right frontal lobe was negatively correlated with Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score( r values: -0.35, -0.38, both P<0.05), on the contrary, NAA/mI of right frontal lobe was positively correlated with the cognitive function scores ( r values: 0.43, 0.40, both P<0.05). Conclusion:MCI may be related to the loss or dysfunction of neurons in the right frontal lobe, and MRS can provide theoretical basis for early recognition of MCI to some extent.

Objective:To study the specific mechanism of LINC01018 involved in the pathogenesis of colon cancer.Methods:The expression of LINC01018 in colon cancer tissues and cells and normal colon tissues and cells were detected by real time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). HT-29 cell line which overexpresses LINC01018 stably was established. RNA binding protein immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay was used to detect the interaction between LINC01018 and E2F1 protein. Dual luciferase assay was used to detect the regulatory effect of E2F1 on CDK6 promoter. The expression of E2F1 or CDK6 was up-regulated in HT-29 cell line which overexpresses LINC01018, then the proliferation, invasion and migration of HT-29 cells and the expression of CDK6 and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) in HT-29 cells were detected by cell counting method (CCK-8) assay, Transwell assay and Western blot.Results:The expression of LINC01018 was abnormally low in colon cancer tissues and cells. The result of RIP assay showed that LINC01018 interacted with E2F1 protein. The result of dual luciferase assay showed that E2F1 protein could enhance the efficiency of CDK6 promoter, and E2F1 had a positive regulatory effect on CDK6. Overexpression of LINC01018 could attenuate the positive regulatory effect of E2F1 on CDK6. Up-regulation of E2F1 or CDK6 expression could attenuate the effects of LINC01018 overexpression on the proliferation, invasion, migration and expression of CDK6 and MMP-2 in HT-29 cells.Conclusions:The expression of LINC01018 was abnormally low in colon cancer tissues and cells. LINC01018 may regulate the proliferation, invasion and migration of HT-29 cells through E2F1/CDK6/MMP-2 axis, and participate in the pathogenesis of colon cancer.