Abstract To improve adolescent health behavior, the study summarizes and analyzes the performance, pathways of transmission, and influencing factors of the intergenerational transmission of adolescent health behaviors from the perspective of intergenerational transmission. The study emphasizes the need to deepen research on the intergenerational transmission of adolescent health behaviors, promote multidisciplinary and cross team collaboration, and shift adolescent health care from individual focused care to a holistic approach that prioritizes family and community culture. Simultaneously, an action framework should be established to block the intergenerational transmission of health risk behaviors, with a focus on childhood and adolescence. Additionally, parent-child participatory health education and health promotion activities should be carried out under a tripartite coordinated intervention model involving the community, school, and family, collectively fostering the development of healthy behaviors among adolescents.

Objective To evaluate the performance of two molecular point-of-care testing(POCT)prod-ucts in the diagnosis of influenza A virus(Flu A)and influenza B virus(Flu B)of clinical samples,and pre-liminarily evaluate the clinical diagnostic value of the changes of infection-related indicators in peripheral blood.Methods A total of 491 oropharyngeal swabs from patients with influenza-like symptoms who were treated in the hospital were recruited into this study from November 1,2019 to June 30,2023.These swabs were collected using reverse transcription real-time quantitative fluorescent polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR),and two POCT molecular products,XpertTM Xpress Flu/RSV and EasyNAT? Flu Assay,respectively.The diagnostic performance of two POCT molecular products was analyzed using RT-qPCR reaction as a standard.According to the results of RT-qPCR method,the subjects were divided into Flu A positive group,Flu B positive group and negative group(both Flu A and Flu B were negative).The levels of indicators in pe-ripheral blood of the three groups were compared to evaluate the value of these indicators in the clinical diag-nosis of Flu A and Flu B.Results Among the 491 patient specimens,the XpertTM Xpress Flu/RSV assay showed the sensitivity for Flu A was 96.88%,and the specificity was 99.75%,and the sensitivity for Flu B was 100.00%,and the specificity was 100.00%.EasyNAT? Flu Assay assay showed the sensitivity for Flu A was 94.79%,and the specificity was 96.81%,and the sensitivity for Flu B was 100.00%,and the specificity was 100.00%.And two POCT molecular methods performed well consistency(Kappa value was 0.974).There was no significant difference in the levels of C-reactive protein and serum amyloid A among the negative group,Flu A positive group,and Flu B positive group(P>0.05).But the levels of white blood cell count in the negative group were higher than those in the Flu A positive group and Flu B positive group(P<0.01).Conclusion In this paper,two typical molecular POCT products are studied.Their sensitivity and specificity are highly consistent with the results of RT-qPCR.Molecular POCT products have the advantages of flexibil-ity and rapidity,which are of great value for the improvement of clinical diagnosis and treatment.Molecular detection combined with peripheral blood infection related indicators is helpful for the early diagnosis of influ-enza virus infectious diseases.

This paper summarizes the definition, evaluation tools, influencing factors, and cultivation strategies of moral sensitivity in nursing students, so as to provide reference for moral education of nursing students in China.

Objective:To explore the status quo of self-stigma in diabetic patients and analyze its correlation with self-compassion.Methods:In this cross-sectional study, from December 2020 to January 2021, totally 240 diabetic patients admitted at the Department of Endocrinology in two ClassⅢ Grade A hospitals in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province were selected by convenient sampling and investigated with the general information questionnaire, Self-Stigma Scale (SSS) , and Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) . Hierarchical regression analysis was used to explore the relationship between self-stigma and self-compassion in diabetic patients. A total of 240 questionnaires were issued, and 225 valid questionnaires were recovered. The effective response rate was 93.75% (225/240) .Results:The total SSS score of the 225 diabetic patients was (56.47±16.72) , and the average score of all items was (2.01±0.60) ; the total SCS score was (86.46±12.79) , and the average score of all items was (3.33±0.49) . Pearson correlation analysis showed that the total SSS score of diabetic patients was negatively correlated with the total SCS score ( P < 0.01) . Hierarchical regression analysis revealed that self-compassion was an influencing factor of self-stigma in diabetic patients ( P< 0.01) , which could independently explain 13.1% of self-stigma (Δ R2=0.131, P<0.001) . Conclusions:Self-stigma of diabetic patients is at a moderate level, and self-compassion is an influencing factor of self-stigma of diabetic patients. Nursing staff can reduce patients ' self-stigma by improving their self-compassion.

Health literacy serves as the foundation of health for all. Hence the authors introduced the connotation and extension of health literate health care organization(HLHO) and related concepts. On such basis, the paper presented the construction method of HLHO from the perspective of health policy, healthcare organizations and inter-institutional cooperation, in order to improve the health literacy of the Chinese people and implement the Healthy China initiative(2019—2030).

Objective:To translate the health literate healthcare organization 10 item questionnaire(HLHO-10) into Chinese and examine its reliability and validity.Methods:The Chinese version of HLHO-10 questionnaire(HLHO-10-C) was developed by following the Brislin translation model of translation, back translation, cultural adaptation and questionnaire epistemological survey.Five experts and 1 071 medical staff from 24 healthcare organizations in Zhejiang province were selected to conduct the validity and reliability test of the HLHO-10-C.Results:The content validity indices at the item level and total questionnaire level of HLHO-10-C were from 0.8 to 1.0 and 0.96 respectively, and the results of the exploratory factor analysis showed good structural validity.Conclusions:HLHO-10-C proves adequate reliability and validity to serve as a tool for healthcare organizations in evaluating and becoming HLHO. It can also help the implementation of the Healthy China Initiative(2019—2030), which is a performance assessment mechanism for health education and promotion of healthcare providers and health care organizations.

It is an important link and key of nursing skills improvement to effectively and comprehensively evaluate the nursing skills. Traditional evaluation method of nursing skills was single which needs to further explore the systematic and effective assessment system. Direct observation of procedural skills (DOPS) is an effectively formative evaluation method which evaluates operators and feedback immediately on clinical skills or operations by assessors. DOPS has teaching and assessment functions and has been paid attention to in the field of nursing practice. This paper combs and analyzes the application of DOPS in nursing practice so as to provide a reference and basis for further popularizing and properly use DOPS.

Objective:To implement PRECEDE-PROCEED based intervention in community patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and explore its effects on patients' diabetes knowledge and self-efficacy.Methods:Totally 86 T2DM patients treated in a community health service center in Hangzhou between May and October 2014 were selected using convenient sampling and divided into intervention group ( n=43) and control group ( n=43) . Patients in the intervention group received 6-month intervention based on PRECEDE-PROCEED, while patients in the control group received a regular community health education course once during the same period. The diabetes knowledge and self-efficacy scores were evaluated between the two groups before and 3 and 6 months after intervention. At last, a total of 40 patients in the intervention group and 42 patients in the control group completed the study. Results:Repeated measures analysis of variance showed that there were time-dependent, between-group and combined effects in diabetes knowledge and self-efficacy scores in the two groups ( P<0.05) . Pairwise comparison between the two groups revealed that there was no statistically significant difference in diabetes knowledge and self-efficacy scores between the two groups before intervention ( P>0.05) , but there were statistically significant differences in diabetes knowledge and self-efficacy scores between the two groups 3 and 6 months after intervention ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:The PRECEDE-PROCEED based intervention can effectively improve the diabetes knowledge and self-efficacy of T2DM patients, which is worth promoting in clinical practice.

Objective To establish and validate a voxel-based method for the quantitative detection of air trapping (AT),and to explore its diagnostic value by preliminarily apply this method in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients.Methods From March 2015 to February 2016,fifty healthy young volunteers and eighteen COPD patients who underwent both end-inspiratory and end-expiratory CT were included from the Digital Lung Multi-center Study.The quantitative parameters of AT and emphysema were measured by both the voxel-based quantitative method and the conventional threshold method,respectively.All subjects underwent pulmonary function examination within 3 days after CT examination.For healthy volunteers,paired sample rank-sum test was used to compare the difference of quantitative parameters between voxel-based method and threshold method,Spearman rank correlation analysis was used to investigate the correlation between quantitative parameters of the two methods and pulmonary function.For COPD patients,the distribution and extent of AT and emphysema in patients with similar degree of pulmonary function (PFT) injury were observed.Results There were varying degrees of AT in the asymptomatic youth,with a median value of 5.70％ for the voxel-based method and with a median value of 7.96％ for the conventional threshold method,there was significant difference(Z=-4.015,P＜0.001).The correlation between AT and emphysema parameters of the voxel-based method and PFT parameters (r=-0.399 and-0.494,-0.335 and-0.439 separately,P＜0.05) were higher than that of the conventional threshold method,respectively (r=-0.357 and-0.453,-0.284 and-0.391,respectively;all P＜0.05).Furthermore,the voxel-based method can classify COPD patients with similar degree of pulmonary function injury into three subtypes:AT-dominant,emphysema-dominant,and mixed.Conclusions The voxel-based AT quantitative measurement method not only has high sensitivity and accuracy,but also provides imaging phenotype for the diagnosis of COPD and provides assistant decision-making for clinical management.

Objective To investigate the radiation induced pulmonary fibrosis with a dose-response mouse model, based on the CT image changes of pulmonary fibrosis.Methods Female C57BL6 mice aged 8-10 weeks were randomly divided into 20 Gy or escalated doses of X-ray whole thoracic irradiation ( WTI) groups. CT scan was performed at different time points before and after radiation. The average lung density and lung volume changes were obtained by three-dimensional segmentation algorithm. After gene chip and pathological validation, the parameters of CT scan were subject to the establishment of logistic regression model. Results At the endpoint of 24 weeks post-irradiation, the lung density in the 20 Gy irradiation group was (-289.81± 12.06) HU, significantly increased compared with (-377.97± 6.24) HU in the control group ( P<0.001) . The lung volume was ( 0.66±0.01) cm3 in the control group, significantly larger than ( 0.44±0.03) cm3 in the irradiated mice ( P<0.001) . The results of quantitative imaging analysis were in accordance with the findings of HE and Mason staining, which were positively correlated with the fibrosis-related biomarkers at the transcriptional level ( all R2=0.75, all P<0.001) . The ED50 for increased lung density was found to be ( 13.64± 0.14) Gy ( R2=0.99, P<0.001) and ( 16.17± 4.36) Gy ( R2=0.89, P<0.001) for decreased lung volume according to the logistic regression model. Conclusions Quantitative CT measurement of lung density and volume are reliable imaging parameters to evaluate the degree of radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mouse models. The dose-response mouse models with pulmonary fibrosis changes can provide experimental basis for comparative analysis of high-dose hypofractioned irradiation-and half-lung irradiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis.