Objective:To explore the gaze characteristics towards emotional portraits in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD),in order to reveal their potential unique patterns of emotional cognition.Methods:A case-control design was employed,including 81 children diagnosed with the DSM-5 ADHD and 57 normal control(NC)children.Emotional images from the Chinese Children's Emotional Image Library were used as stimuli.The Tobii Pro X3-120 eye-tracking device was utilized to record fixation count(FC)and fixation duration percentage(FDP)under a free-viewing paradigm.Mixed-effects ANOVA was applied to explore the effects of group,gaze region(eyes and mouth),and emotional attributes on gaze characteristics,controlling for gen-der and age.Results:The FC and FDP of ADHD children were lower than those of NC children,particularly in the eye region of non-negative emotional images(P＜0.05).However,no significant differences were observed be-tween the two groups when viewing negative emotional images(sadness and anger)(P＞0.05).NC children ex-hibited a significant emotional bias effect in their gaze behavior towards emotional portraits(P＜0.05),whereas ADHD group showed only slight differences between non-negative emotional images(adjusted P＜0.05),indica-ting a weaker overall emotional attention bias.Conclusion:Children with ADHD display reduced attention to non-negative emotional expressions and a diminished emotional attention bias,suggesting potential deficits in emotional processing during face perception.

Objective:To explore the gaze characteristics towards emotional portraits in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD),in order to reveal their potential unique patterns of emotional cognition.Methods:A case-control design was employed,including 81 children diagnosed with the DSM-5 ADHD and 57 normal control(NC)children.Emotional images from the Chinese Children's Emotional Image Library were used as stimuli.The Tobii Pro X3-120 eye-tracking device was utilized to record fixation count(FC)and fixation duration percentage(FDP)under a free-viewing paradigm.Mixed-effects ANOVA was applied to explore the effects of group,gaze region(eyes and mouth),and emotional attributes on gaze characteristics,controlling for gen-der and age.Results:The FC and FDP of ADHD children were lower than those of NC children,particularly in the eye region of non-negative emotional images(P＜0.05).However,no significant differences were observed be-tween the two groups when viewing negative emotional images(sadness and anger)(P＞0.05).NC children ex-hibited a significant emotional bias effect in their gaze behavior towards emotional portraits(P＜0.05),whereas ADHD group showed only slight differences between non-negative emotional images(adjusted P＜0.05),indica-ting a weaker overall emotional attention bias.Conclusion:Children with ADHD display reduced attention to non-negative emotional expressions and a diminished emotional attention bias,suggesting potential deficits in emotional processing during face perception.

Child atopic disease is a global public health problem.Because it can cause various mental health problems, it is getting more and more attention.In recent decades, the prevalence of child atopic diseases is dramatica-lly increasing, and children′s physical and mental health are affected to different degrees.There are several hypotheses about the potential mechanism between atopic diseases and psychological problems.Herein, the psychological and behavioral problems in children with atopic diseases and the associated mechanism will be discussed.Furthermore, it suggests that the professionals should pay more attention to the children′s psychosomatic diseases, and pay more attention to the interactive effect between atopic diseases and mental health problems.It is important for the diagnosis, prevention and intervention of children with the psychosomatic diseases.

Objective Taking the hippocampus as seed,to investigate the characteristics of white matter in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar depression (BD).Methods 33 MDD and BD according with the Fourth Edition of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders diagnostic criteria,accompanying with 33 healthy controls (HC) matching with age,sex and education years were analyzed.All subjects underwent MRI scanning,acquiring diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)data.Taking the hippocampus as seed,to adopt diffusion tensor fiber tracing by DSIstudio to obtain and calculate basic index of DTI,then find the differences among three groups;furthermore,calculating the fiber number (FN) evaluating the connective strength between areas between hippocampus and other areas.Additionally,Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyses the relationship between the difference index and clinical characteristics.Results Compared with HC,radial diffusivity (RD) in the left hippocampus had significant difference (P=0.014)in BD group.While no significance parameter was found between MDD group and the other two groups.Compared with HC group,the reduction of FN value in MDD patients mainly exists in left inferior frontal gyrus(0(0,25)vs.0(0,1),P=0.018)and left middle occipital gyrus (38.6±6.7 vs.26.9±25.6,P=0.015).Compared with HC,FN value of BD increase in the left parahippocampal gyms (47.2± 24.0 vs.65.8 ± 30.1,P=0.007) and tongue gyrus (50.4 ± 33.2 vs.74.2 ± 35.9) in BD (P=0.012).Pearson correlation analysis found that RD mean of left hippocampus remain positively correlated with the duration of disease in BD group (r=0.418,P=0.016).Conclusions BD has some changes mainly in the left hippocampus,which exists myelin sheath degeneration and the alteration of white matter fiber connected with left parahippocampal gyrus and tongue gyrus,while MDD shows some differences of connectivity between left hippocampus and frontal lobe,and between right hippocampus and occipital lobe as well.

Objective Taking the hippocampus as seed,to investigate the characteristics of white matter in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar depression (BD).Methods 33 MDD and BD according with the Fourth Edition of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders diagnostic criteria,accompanying with 33 healthy controls (HC) matching with age,sex and education years were analyzed.All subjects underwent MRI scanning,acquiring diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)data.Taking the hippocampus as seed,to adopt diffusion tensor fiber tracing by DSIstudio to obtain and calculate basic index of DTI,then find the differences among three groups;furthermore,calculating the fiber number (FN) evaluating the connective strength between areas between hippocampus and other areas.Additionally,Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyses the relationship between the difference index and clinical characteristics.Results Compared with HC,radial diffusivity (RD) in the left hippocampus had significant difference (P=0.014)in BD group.While no significance parameter was found between MDD group and the other two groups.Compared with HC group,the reduction of FN value in MDD patients mainly exists in left inferior frontal gyrus(0(0,25)vs.0(0,1),P=0.018)and left middle occipital gyrus (38.6±6.7 vs.26.9±25.6,P=0.015).Compared with HC,FN value of BD increase in the left parahippocampal gyms (47.2± 24.0 vs.65.8 ± 30.1,P=0.007) and tongue gyrus (50.4 ± 33.2 vs.74.2 ± 35.9) in BD (P=0.012).Pearson correlation analysis found that RD mean of left hippocampus remain positively correlated with the duration of disease in BD group (r=0.418,P=0.016).Conclusions BD has some changes mainly in the left hippocampus,which exists myelin sheath degeneration and the alteration of white matter fiber connected with left parahippocampal gyrus and tongue gyrus,while MDD shows some differences of connectivity between left hippocampus and frontal lobe,and between right hippocampus and occipital lobe as well.