Objective:To explore the effect of creating scenarios method in the experimental teaching of food hygiene.Methods:A total of 170 students from two grades of preventive medicine major were selected as the research objects, and the students from grade 2016 were selected as the experimental group ( n=88) taking the creating scenarios method, and the students from grade 2015 were selected as the control group ( n=82) taking the traditional method. The scores of the two groups were compared, and the evaluation from students and teachers on the course was collected. Meanwhile, the qualitative interviews with senior students and practice teachers were taken as the reference. The teaching effects was comprehensively evaluated from the student side and the teacher side. SPSS 20.0 was used for t test, and Chi-square test. Results:The scores of thinking questions in experimental reports from experimental groups (course 1, P=0.038; course 2, P=0.043) and food hygiene paper ( P=0.034) were significantly higher than those of the control group. Eighty percent of the teachers who attended the course [8 teachers of the department (80.00%), 4 teaching supervisors (80.00%)] believed that creating scenarios method fully embodied the cultivation of professional knowledge, skills, cross-professional ability and comprehensive practical ability. The qualified rates of students' self-mastery in professional knowledge, skills, cross-professional ability and comprehensive practical ability were 100% (80 students), 100% (80 students) and 97.75% (79 students), respectively. The students' satisfaction with teaching methods reached 90% (70 students). The results of qualitative interview gave a full recognition to the application of creating scenarios method. Conclusions:The application of creating scenarios method in the experimental course of food hygiene not only improves the course results of students, but also improves their cognition of the course. In addition, it can fully display the cultivation of the core competence of students majoring in preventive medicine.

Objective:To explore the effect of combining hand-brain perception training with hand-brain motor training based on mirror neuron theory on the recovery of upper limb function after a stroke.Methods:A group of 105 stroke survivors with upper limb dysfunction were randomly divided into a hand-brain perception (HP) group, a hand-brain motor (HM) group, and a combination (C) group, each of 35. In addition to conventional rehabilitation treatment (including exercise therapy, occupational therapy and physical factor therapy), the HP and HM groups were given hand-brain perception training and hand-brain motor training respectively, while group C was provided with both. Before the intervention and after 4 weeks, the upper limb motor functioning of all of the participants was assessed using the simplified version of the Fugl-Meyer upper limb motor function scale (FMA-UE). Sensory functioning was quantified using the tactile Semmes Weinstein monofilament examination (SWME), and the modified Barthel index (MBI) was used to quantify the participants′ ability in the activities of daily living.Results:After the intervention the average FMA-UE, MBI and SWME scores of all three groups had improved significantly, with group C′s average FMA-UE and MBI scores significantly better than the other two groups′ averages. The average SWME score of group C was then significantly better than that of group HM.Conclusions:Hand-brain perception combined with hand-brain motor training based on mirror neuron theory can further promote the recovery of upper limb sensory and motor functioning of stroke survivors., Such therapy is worthy of clinical promotion and application.

This paper discusses the value and significance of medical-industrial integration in the teaching reform of "food hygiene" in Nutrition and Food Hygiene. Meanwhile, the study focuses on the educational concept of medical-industrial integration practice in our university, referring to integrating food science into the teaching innovation plan of "food hygiene", and using the understanding and application from food science discipline on food hygiene even the entire industry chain, taking the "strong" of "food science" to supplement the "short" of "nutrition and food hygiene", which fulfills the improvement of the curriculum system, optimization of allocation of "double-qualified" teachers, and modification of teaching methods. The combination of the traditional teaching methods and modern educational technologies such as virtual reality can lead to the training goal of matching theory with application and cultivating compound high-quality talents with the post competencies in this field in the new era.

From April to November 2019, 5 community health service centers in Shanghai Hongkou District were randomly selected for thematic group interviews to investigate the current status, problems and challenge for further development of chronic disease management. The community chronic disease management was mainly divided into growth period (typically hypertension and diabetes) and introduction period (cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, dementia, osteoporosis). The management of hypertension and diabetes in the growing stage mainly faced difficulties such as refusal or non-cooperation of patients, loss of follow-up, incomplete quality control, not meeting quality control indicators, repeated management of comorbidities, insufficient information sharing, and discrepancy in assessment indicators of multiple parties. The management of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, respiratory diseases and other diseases in the introduction period mainly faced poor awareness rate of patients, loss of follow-up, difficulty in diagnosis, irregular medication, insufficient information sharing, lack of management plan, insufficient resource investment, and few variety of medicines in the community. The current management system should be refined to provide more effective and efficient chronic disease management in the community. Meanwhile, the awareness of residents, the information network and multi-center collaborative research also need to be strengthened.

Objective:To observe the effect of observing good swallowing on the swallowing action of stroke survivors with dysphagia.Methods:Eighteen stroke survivors with dysphagia were randomly divided into a treatment group ( n=9) and a control group ( n=9). In addition to routine swallowing rehabilitation therapy, the treatment group was asked to simulate swallowing after watching a video of normal people′s swallowing action. They did so 5 times a week for 10 minutes, while the control group just watched landscape videos at the same time. The treatment lasted 8 weeks. Before and after the treatment, both groups were assessed using the eating assessment tool (EAT-10), the functional oral intake scale (FOIS) and the penetration and aspiration scale (PAS). Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was also used to observe their swallowing action. Results:There was no significant difference between the two groups in any of the measurements before the treatment. After the 8 weeks of treatment the average EAT-10, FOIS and PAS scores of the treatment group were all significantly better than before the treatment and better than the control group′s averages at the time. fMRI showed significantly more areas activated in the precuneus, parietal lobe, posterior central gyrus, BA7, BA5, frontal lobe and paracentral lobule in the treatment group compared with before the intervention and also more than in the control group.Conclusions:Observing proper swallowing action can improve dysphagia and activation of the swallowing-related brain areas of stroke survivors.

Objective:To observe any effect of repeated unilateral high frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on the swallowing function and functional magnetic resonance images of dysphagic stroke survivors.Methods:Twenty stroke survivors with dysphagia were randomly divided into a treatment group ( n=10) and a control group ( n=10). Both groups received traditional swallowing rehabilitation training, while the treatment group was additionally provided with high frequency rTMS over the cortical area of the suprahyoid muscle group of the healthy contralateral cerebral hemisphere. The stimulation frequency was 5Hz and the stimulation intensity was 80% of the resting movement threshold. During the 20-minute treatment, there was a 20-second interval between each 2-second dose of stimulation. Before and after the treatment, both groups were evaluated using the Eating Assessment Tool-10 (EAT-10), a swallowing functional communication measurement (FCM) and the modified Mann Assessment of Swallowing Ability (MMASA). In addition, functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to observe any changes in the relevant brain regions. Results:After the treatment the average EAT-10, FCM and MMASA scores of both groups were significantly better than those before the treatment, with the treatment group′s averages significantly superior to those of the control group. After the treatment, the activation range of the parietal lobe, the superior parietal lobule, the BA7 region and the BA40 area in the treatment group was significantly larger than before the treatment and larger than the control group′s ranges.Conclusions:Repeated high-frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation of the cortical area of the suprahyoid muscles in the contralateral cerebral hemisphere can improve dysphagia and promote the activation of brain areas related to swallowing after a stroke.

The pneumonia caused by the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), which began in December 2019, has become the most serious public health problem, threatening people's health and life. This threat is posing a severe challenge on the diagnosis and treatment of 2019-nCoV infection, the prevention and control of hospital cross infection of medical staff. It is suggested that in addition to strengthening the organization and leadership of the abovementioned work, establishing and improving the prevention and control mechanism deserve greater attention. Furthermore, special attention should be given to the safety of the medical staff, strengthening their infection monitoring and outbreak management. Medical staff in different work areas and positions should be placed under careful protection, cleaning and disinfection measures. The protection during specimen collection, transportation and medical waste management should also be prioritized. This paper also put forward management suggestions for the outpatient department, isolation ward and other key departments. These measures are proposed to provide a guidance for the prevention and control of 2019-nCoV nosocomial infection in the pediatric outpatient and ward.

Objective: To determine interleukin (IL)-23 and IL-17 level in latent autoimmune diabetes in adult (LADA) patients, and to explore the relationship of IL-23, IL-17and β-cell function in these patients. Methods: Forty LADA patients from 2011 to 2016 in our hospital were selected as LADA group, and forty participants were as normal control group. Clinical and biochemical data was collected and the level of the IL-23 and IL-17 was measured with the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The differences in interleukin levels among the two groups were compared. Pearson correlation analysis was used for investigating the relationship between the dependent of statistical significant interleukins and the independent data in the LADA patients, all closely related variables then were included in a stepwise multiple linear regression analysis. Results: The levels of serum IL-23 , IL-17 and IL-23/IL-17 were significantly higher in LADA group than those in control groups [3.54(2.88~5.24)μg/L vs 1.98(1.62~2.18)μg/L, P<0.05], [22.42(17.71~26.07)ng/L vs 17.97(17.15~20.70)ng/L, P<0.05], (175.79±38.67 vs 105.22±19.08, P<0.01). IL-23 and IL-17 in the LADA group were negatively correlated with fasting C peptide (FCP) (r=-0.42, r=-0.48, P<0.05), and the ratio of IL-23/IL-17 was positively correlated with fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (r=0.44, P=0.00). Stepwise multiple liner regression analysis showed that serum IL-23 and IL-17 level were independently associated with the FCP in LADA group. Conclusions IL-23 and IL-17 were possibly important proinflammatory factor in LADA patients, and can provide the new immunodiagnosis markers for LADA.

Objective:To observe the effect of applying repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on swallowing function and auditory evoked potentials in the brain-stems of stroke survivors with dysphagia.Methods:Sixty stroke survivors with dysphagia were randomly assigned to an observation group and a control group, each of 30. Both groups were given 30 minutes of routine swallowing training 6 times a week for 5 weeks, while the observation group was additionally provided with two-second bursts of rTMS on the left and right brain hemispheres alternately for 20 minutes daily. The frequency was 3.0Hz and the strength was 80% of the resting motor threshold (RMT), with an interval of 10 seconds between bursts. Before and after the treatment, both groups′ swallowing was assessed using the functional communication measure (FCM) and the modified Mann swallowing capacity evaluation scale (MMASA). Brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP) were recorded to detect any changes in the peak latency (PL) and inter-peak latency (IPL). The clinical efficacy was also observed.Results:After the treatment, the average FCM results of both groups had improved significantly, but the observation group had improved significantly more. The average MMASA total scores and the average scores on all the sub-items had improved significantly more in the observation group except for the expressive speech disorder and anarthria scores. After the treatment, improvement was observed in respiration, anarthria, range of motion of the tongue muscles, strength of the tongue muscles, gag reflex and soft palate movement compared with before the intervention. Peak and inter-peak latencies had also improved significantly more in the observation than in the control group, on average.Conclusions:rTMS combined with conventional swallowing training can significantly improve the swallowing of dysphagic stroke survivors, and shorten the PL of the BAEP so as to better regulate deglutition.

The epidemic of COVID-19 has become the topmost public health threat worldwide. The authors suggested that in addition to strengthening the organization and leadership of the abovementioned work, greater attention be paid to establishing and improving the prevention and control mechanism.Furthermore, special efforts should be given to the safety of the medical workers, by strengthening their infection monitoring and outbreak management. Medical workers in different work areas and positions should be placed under careful protection with due cleaning and disinfection measures. The protection during specimen collection, transportation and medical waste management should also be prioritized. Such special issues in the management of pediatric patients, as allocation of nurses, the screening and management of caregivers, the problem of breastfeeding, and the disinfection of children′s toys and diapers were discussed. This paper also put forward management suggestions for the outpatient department, isolation ward and other key departments, which aim to guide the prevention and control of COVID-19 nosocomial infection in the pediatric outpatient and ward.