Objective:To investigate the current status of occupational internal exposure of nuclear medicine staff performing 131I treatment, and explore the related influence factors, so as to provide a basis for protection against internal exposures. Methods:A survey was conducted using cluster random sampling method to ascertain all the nuclear medicine staff involved in 131I treatment in nuclear medicine hospitals in Hubei province for the years 2021 to 2023. The in vitro monitoring mesurement was made of the 131I activity in thyroid by using portable gamma spectrometer, and the committed effective dose was estimated. Results:The positive detection rate of 131I in treatment staff was between 18.75% and 21.12%, with an average of 20.08%. The highest value found in cleaning and nursing staff in iodine therapy workplaces. The detection rate found in two hospitals were up to 75.61% and 64.71%, respectively. The detection rate was positive for the three consecutive years. There was no statistically significant difference in the committed effective dose between different treatment positions, and the level of internal exposure was lower than the external exposure arising from nuclear medicine practice. Factors affecting detection rate of 131I in thyroid included the amount of 131I used for treatment, and disorder type for treatment, 131I dose, use or otherwise of automated radiopharmaceutical dispenser, and ventilation in treatment rooms. Conclusions:Continuous attention should be paid to the internal exposure of nuclear medicine staff for use of 131I for treatment. Ventilation should be provided regularly, as required, to the 131I treatment rooms and active rooms and the staff should wear masks during the relevant working processes.

Objective:To investigate the current status of occupational internal exposure of nuclear medicine staff performing 131I treatment, and explore the related influence factors, so as to provide a basis for protection against internal exposures. Methods:A survey was conducted using cluster random sampling method to ascertain all the nuclear medicine staff involved in 131I treatment in nuclear medicine hospitals in Hubei province for the years 2021 to 2023. The in vitro monitoring mesurement was made of the 131I activity in thyroid by using portable gamma spectrometer, and the committed effective dose was estimated. Results:The positive detection rate of 131I in treatment staff was between 18.75% and 21.12%, with an average of 20.08%. The highest value found in cleaning and nursing staff in iodine therapy workplaces. The detection rate found in two hospitals were up to 75.61% and 64.71%, respectively. The detection rate was positive for the three consecutive years. There was no statistically significant difference in the committed effective dose between different treatment positions, and the level of internal exposure was lower than the external exposure arising from nuclear medicine practice. Factors affecting detection rate of 131I in thyroid included the amount of 131I used for treatment, and disorder type for treatment, 131I dose, use or otherwise of automated radiopharmaceutical dispenser, and ventilation in treatment rooms. Conclusions:Continuous attention should be paid to the internal exposure of nuclear medicine staff for use of 131I for treatment. Ventilation should be provided regularly, as required, to the 131I treatment rooms and active rooms and the staff should wear masks during the relevant working processes.

Objective To develop an automatic urine volume detection and collection device to solve the problems of routine urine test.Methods An automatic urine volume detection and collection device was developed with the components of a main control system,a detection system,a prompting system and a grasping and moving system.The main control system consisted of two STM32 microcontrollers and a reset switch;the detection system was made up of a weighing module,an infrared module and indicator lights,which had its urine volume automatic detection algorithm developed based on the Keil5 platform;the prompting system realized voice broadcasting through the voice module fixed on the back panel of the box;the grasping and moving system was composed of a rail drive motor(86CM stepper motor),a photoelectric switch and a motorized gripper.Results The device developed tested urine samples with an accuracy of 99.44％,and could collect qualified samples automatically and quickly.Conclusion The device developed detects urine volume and collects samples automatically,and enhances the accuracy and efficiency of urine examination.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2024,45(4):66-69]

BACKGROUND: Delivery room resuscitation assists preterm infants, especially extremely preterm infants (EPI) and extremely low birth weight infants (ELBWI), in breathing support, while it potentially exerts a negative impact on the lungs and outcomes of preterm infants. This study aimed to assess delivery room resuscitation and discharge outcomes of EPI and ELBWI in China. METHODS: The clinical data of EPI (gestational age [GA] <28 weeks) and ELBWI (birth weight [BW] <1000 g), admitted within 72 h of birth in 33 neonatal intensive care units from five provinces and cities in North China between 2017 and 2018, were analyzed. The primary outcomes were delivery room resuscitation and risk factors for delivery room intubation (DRI). The secondary outcomes were survival rates, incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), and risk factors for BPD. RESULTS: A cohort of 952 preterm infants were enrolled. The incidence of DRI, chest compressions, and administration of epinephrine was 55.9% (532/952), 12.5% (119/952), and 7.0% (67/952), respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that the risk factors for DRI were GA <28 weeks (odds ratio [OR], 3.147; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.082-4.755), BW <1000 g (OR, 2.240; 95% CI, 1.606-3.125), and antepartum infection (OR, 1.429; 95% CI, 1.044-1.956). The survival rate was 65.9% (627/952) and was dependent on GA. The rate of BPD was 29.3% (181/627). Multivariate analysis showed that the risk factors for BPD were male (OR, 1.603; 95% CI, 1.061-2.424), DRI (OR, 2.094; 95% CI, 1.328-3.303), respiratory distress syndrome exposed to ≥2 doses of pulmonary surfactants (PS; OR, 2.700; 95% CI, 1.679-4.343), and mechanical ventilation ≥7 days (OR, 4.358; 95% CI, 2.777-6.837). However, a larger BW (OR, 0.998; 95% CI, 0.996-0.999), antenatal steroid (OR, 0.577; 95% CI, 0.379-0.880), and PS use in the delivery room (OR, 0.273; 95% CI, 0.160-0.467) were preventive factors for BPD (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Improving delivery room resuscitation and management of respiratory complications are imperative during early management of the health of EPI and ELBWI.
Birth Weight ; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia ; China/epidemiology* ; Delivery Rooms ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Extremely Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Extremely Premature ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Pregnancy

Objective: To investigate the association between blood pressure and all-cause mortality in Shanxi, China. Methods: The '2002 China Nutrition and Health Survey' baseline data in Shanxi province was used. A retrospective investigation was performed in 2015. The effects of SBP and DBP on the all-cause mortality were analyzed using the Cox regression model. The hazard ratio ( Results: The follow-up rate was 76.52% over 13 years, while the cumulative mortality rate for all participants was 917.12/100,000 person-years. The mortality rose with an increasing SBP ( Conclusion Adults with SBP > 160 mmHg and DBP > 100 mmHg had a higher mortality risk. Sex and age difference was noted in both DBP and mortality risk.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Blood Pressure ; China ; Cohort Studies ; Female ; Health Surveys ; Humans ; Hypertension/mortality* ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mortality/trends* ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Young Adult

Objective:To investigate the prognosis of severe hyperbilirubinemia in full-term infants who met the exchange transfusion criteria and were treated by blood exchange transfusion and phototherapy.Methods:A total of 168 full-term infants with severe hyperbilirubinemia who met the criteria for exchange transfusion and were hospitalized in the Neonatology Department of seven tertiary hospitals in Hebei Province from June 2017 to December 2018 were retrospectively included. According to the treatment protocol, they were divided into two groups: exchange transfusion group (38 cases) and phototherapy group (130 cases). Two independent sample t-test and Chi-square test were used to compare the clinical manifestations and follow-up results between the two groups. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors for poor prognosis. Results:Neonatal severe hyperbilirubinemia in the exchange transfusion and phototherapy group were both mainly caused by hemolytic disease [42.1%(16/38) and 29.2%(38/130)], sepsis [28.9%(11/38) and 11.5%(15/130)] and early-onset breastfeeding jaundice [15.8%(6/38) and 11.5%(15/130)]. Total serum bilirubin level on admission in the exchange transfusion group was significantly higher than that in the phototherapy group [(531.7±141.3) vs (440.0±67.4) μmol/L, t=3.870, P<0.001]. Moreover, the percentage of patients with mild, moderate and severe acute bilirubin encephalopathy in the exchange transfusion group were higher than those in the phototherapy group [15.8%(6/38) vs 3.8%(5/130), 7.9%(3/38) vs 0.8%(1/130), 13.2%(5/38) vs 0.0%(0/130); χ2=29.119, P<0.001]. Among the 168 patients, 135 were followed up to 18-36 months of age and 12 showed poor prognosis (developmental retardation or hearing impairment) with four in the exchange transfusion group (12.9%, 4/31) and eight in the phototherapy group (7.7%, 8/104). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that for full-term infants with severe hyperbilirubinemia who met the exchange transfusion criteria, phototherapy alone without blood exchange transfusion as well as severe ABE were risk factors for poor prognosis ( OR=14.407, 95% CI: 1.101-88.528, P=0.042; OR=16.561, 95% CI: 4.042-67.850, P<0.001). Conclusions:Full-term infants who have severe hyperbilirubinemia and meet the exchange transfusion criteria should be actively treated with blood exchange transfusion, especially for those with severe ABE, so as to improve the prognosis.

Kidney cancer usually requires multidisciplinary individualized treatments. No matter what kind of treatment, drugs are essential. According to the "six-step process" (prescription legitimacy review, patient basic information evaluation review, treatment protocol review, organ function and laboratory index review, pretreatment review, and unconventional prescription review) in prescription review proposed by the anti-tumor drug prescription review expert group and referring to domestic and foreign kidney cancer guidelines and drug instructions in recent years, this consensus selects 9 targeted drugs and 4 immunotherapeutic drugs that are currently commonly used in China and elaborates the key review points in patient basic information evaluation review, treatment protocol review, and organ function and laboratory index review of kidney cancer drug treatment, in order to provide reference for clinical front-line pharmacists to review prescriptions of kidney cancer patients and promote rational drug use in clinic.

Kidney cancer usually requires multidisciplinary individualized treatments. No matter what kind of treatment, drugs are essential. According to the "six-step process" (prescription legitimacy review, patient basic information evaluation review, treatment protocol review, organ function and laboratory index review, pretreatment review, and unconventional prescription review) in prescription review proposed by the anti-tumor drug prescription review expert group and referring to domestic and foreign kidney cancer guidelines and drug instructions in recent years, this consensus selects 9 targeted drugs and 4 immunotherapeutic drugs that are currently commonly used in China and elaborates the key review points in patient basic information evaluation review, treatment protocol review, and organ function and laboratory index review of kidney cancer drug treatment, in order to provide reference for clinical front-line pharmacists to review prescriptions of kidney cancer patients and promote rational drug use in clinic.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the association of waist circumference (WC) with all-cause mortality among Chinese adults. Methods: The baseline data were from Shanxi Province of 2002 China Nutrition and Health Survey. The death investigation and follow-up visit were conducted from December 2015 to March 2016. The visits covered up to 5,360 of 7,007 participants, representing a response rate of 76.5%. The Cox regression model and floating absolute risk were used to estimate hazard ratio and 95% floating of death by gender and age groups (≥ 60 and < 60 years old). Sensitivity analysis was performed by excluding current smokers; participants with stroke, hypertension, and diabetes; participants who accidentally died; and participants who died during the first 2 years of follow-up. Results: This study followed 67,129 person-years for 12.5 years on average, including 615 deaths. The mortality density was 916 per 100,000 person-years. Low WC was associated with all-cause mortality among men. Multifactor-adjusted hazard ratios ( ) were 1.60 (1.35-1.90) for WC < 75.0 cm and 1.40 (1.11-1.76) for WC ranging from 75.0 cm to 79.9 cm. Low WC (< 70.0 cm and 70.0-74.9 cm) and high WC (≥ 95.0 cm) groups had a high risk of mortality among women. The adjusted s of death were 1.43 (1.11-1.83), 1.39 (1.05-1.84), and 1.91 (1.13-3.22). Conclusion WC was an important predictor of death independent of body mass index (BMI). WC should be used as a simple rapid screening and predictive indicator of the risk of death.
Adult ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; China ; epidemiology ; Cohort Studies ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mortality ; Obesity, Abdominal ; complications ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Risk Factors ; Sex Factors ; Waist Circumference ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE: Obesity is recognized as a significant risk factor for diabetes and hypertension. The present study aimed to examine the associations between adults'obesity risk and childhood and parental obesity. METHODS: A total of 204 children aged 6-17 years were recruited in 2002 with an average follow-up period of 13.2 years. Height and body weight were measured by trained staffs. Overweight and obesity were defined based on the Chinese standard for children and adults. T-test, analysis of variance, and Chi-square analysis were used for single factor analysis. Multiple linear and logistic regression analyses were used to perform multifactor analysis. RESULTS: The percentage of non-obese children who grew up to be non-obese adults was 62.6%, and that of obese children who grew up to be obese adults was 80.0%. There was a significant association between childhood body mass index (BMI) and adulthood BMI with a β regression coefficient of 3.76 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.36-6.16], and between childhood obesity and adulthood obesity with an odds ratio of 5.76 (95% CI: 1.37-24.34). There was no statistical difference between parental obesity at baseline and children's adulthood obesity, after adjustment of confounders. Male participants and those aged 10.0-13.0 years had a higher risk of adulthood obesity with odds ratios of 2.50 (95% CI: 1.12-5.26) and 3.62 (95% CI: 1.17-11.24), respectively. CONCLUSION Childhood obesity is an important predictor of adulthood obesity.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Body Mass Index ; Child ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Obesity ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Odds Ratio ; Parents ; Pediatric Obesity ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Prevalence ; Prospective Studies ; Young Adult