Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) among college students in Yangzhou from 2020 to 2024, so as to provide a scientific basis for developing prevention and control strategies. Methods: An epidemiological investigation was conducted among 162 college students with PTB, and 7 134 of their contacts were screened. Data were obtained from the tuberculosis information management system and on campus screening records. Using descriptive epidemiological methods, trends in incidence, seasonal distribution, and bacteriological characteristics were analyzed. Results: From 2020 to 2024, the annual average incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis among college students in Yangzhou was 29.42 per 100 000, showing an overall fluctuating downward trend ( χ 2=12.36, P <0.01). Cases were mainly concentrated in summer and autumn, with the highest proportion in autumn (41.36%, 67/162), followed by summer (23.46%, 38/162). The proportion of etiologically positive cases increased from 37.21% in 2020 to 71.43% in 2024; among positive cases, the proportion of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) decreased from 66.67% (10/15) to 26.67% (4/15). The etiological positive rate was higher in females than in males ( χ 2= 11.76 , P <0.01). Comparison of screening methods showed that among index cases, the LTBI detection rate of the recombinant Mycobacterium tuberculosis fusion protein skin test (C-TST) was higher than that of the tuberculin skin test (TST), but the difference was not statistically significant ( χ 2=0.65, P =0.42); among close contacts, the detection rate of TST was higher than that of C-TST (15.1%,10.1%; χ 2=5.23, P <0.05). Conclusion From 2020 to 2024, the annual average incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis among college students in Yangzhou showed an overall fluctuating downward trend, with differences in TB infection screening methods and gender.

To address the growing challenge of an increasing number of elderly lung cancer patients amidst China's aging population and to fill the gap in quality control standards for surgical treatment in this special population, this study aimed to develop a standardized surgical evaluation system for elderly lung cancer patients tailored to China's national conditions. The system was established through a literature review, integrated the pathophysiological characteristics of elderly patients, and was constructed following review, feedback, and revision by experts from multiple thoracic surgery centers. Employing a 100-point scoring system, it comprises three primary domains: physical infrastructure and geriatric adaptability foundational conditions (10 points); management level and perioperative care models (20 points); and technical proficiency and clinical outcomes (70 points). The system places a strong emphasis on geriatric adaptability, proposing specific, quantifiable indicators for age-friendly facility modifications, control of elderly-specific complications, multidisciplinary collaboration, and standardized perioperative management. It provides a convenient and measurable assessment tool for quality control in the surgical treatment of elderly lung cancer in China, which is expected to promote the standardization and homogenization of diagnosis and treatment.

Laparoscopic subtotal cholecystectomy (LSC) has been a safe and viable alternative to conversion to laparotomy in cases of severe cholecystitis. The objective of this study is to determine the utility of intraoperative choledochoscopy in LSC for the exploration of the gallbladder, cyst duct, and subsequent stone clearance of the cystic duct in cases of severe cholecystitis. A total of 72 patients diagnosed with severe cholecystitis received choledochoscopy-assisted laparoscopic subtotal cholecystectomy (CALSC). A choledochoscopy was performed to explore the gallbladder cavity and/or cystic duct, and to extract stones using a range of techniques. The clinical records, including the operative records and outcomes, were subjected to analysis. No LSC was converted to open surgery, and no bile duct or vascular injuries were sustained. All stones within the cystic duct were removed by a combination of techniques, including high-frequency needle knife electrotomy, basket, and electrohydraulic lithotripsy. A follow-up examination revealed the absence of residual bile duct stones, with the exception of one common bile duct stone, which was extracted via endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. In certain special cases, CALSC may prove to be an efficacious treatment for the management of severe cholecystitis. This technique allows for optimal comprehension of the situation within the gallbladder cavity and cystic duct, facilitating the removal of stones from the cystic duct and reducing the residue of the non-functional gallbladder remnant.

Objective To explore the effects of different education and examination methods on the examination results during the screening/evaluation of patent foramen ovale by contrast-enhanced transcranial Doppler(cTCD).Methods Patients who underwent cTCD screening/evaluation for patent foramen ovale in our hospital from May 2023 to February 2024 were retrospectively selected as the research subjects.The patients were divided into the observation group and the control group according to different education and examination methods during the peri-examination period.Patients who received video education,modified Valsalva maneuver,and injection of contrast agent with 20 mL syringe were included into the observation group,and patients who received artificial education,Valsalva maneuver,and injection of contrast agent with 10 mL syringe were included into the control group.The positive detection rate of patent foramen ovale,right-to-left shunt microbubble grading during Valsalva/modified Valsalva maneuver,systolic blood flow velocity,pulsatility index(PI),resistive index(RI),examination duration,total physician-patient communication time,whether occlusion surgery was performed,and patient satisfaction were compared between the two groups.Results The positive detection rate of patent foramen ovale by cTCD(82.93%vs.95.92%),the detection rate of the maximum amout(grade Ⅲ)of microbubbles(39.02%vs.61.22%),the total physician-patient communication time during the peri-examination period[11.30(10.00,14.00)minutes vs.8.23(7.00,10.00)minutes],the rate of occlusion surgery(48.78%vs.73.47%),and the total patient satisfaction(80.49%vs.91.84%)showed statistically significant differences between the control group and the observation group(P<0.05).Additionally,the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis showed that the area under the curve(AUC)for diagnosing patent foramen ovale were 0.718 in the control group and 0.855 in the observation group.Conclusion Peri-examination interventions such as video education,modified Valsalva maneuver,and injection of contrast agent with 20 mL syringe can improve the positive detection rate of patent foramen ovale,reduce ineffective physician-patient communication,and improve patient satisfaction.

Objective To examine the changing prevalence and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Burkholderia cepacia in 52 hospitals across China from 2015 to 2021.Methods A total of 9 261 strains of B.cepacia were collected from 52 hospitals between January 1,2015 and December 31,2021.Antimicrobial susceptibility of the strains was tested using Kirby-Bauer method or automated antimicrobial susceptibility testing systems according to a unified protocol.The results were interpreted according to the breakpoints released in the Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI)guidelines(2023 edition).Results A total of 9 261 strains of B.cepacia were isolated from all age groups,especially elderly patients.The proportion was 11.1％(1 032 strains)in children,significantly lower than the proportion in adults.About half(46.5％,4 310/9 261)of the strains were isolated from patients at least 60 years old and 42.3％(3 919/9 261)of the strains were isolated from young adults.Most isolates(71.1％)were isolated from sputum and respiratory secretions,followed by urine(10.7％)and blood samples(8.1％).B.cepacia isolates were highly susceptible to the five antimicrobial agents recommended in the CLSI M100 document(33rd edition,2023).B.cepacia isolates showed relatively higher resistance rates to meropenem and levofloxacin.However,the resistance rates to ceftazidime,trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole,and minocycline remained below 8.1％.The percentage of B.cepacia strains resistant to levofloxacin was the highest compared to other antibiotics in any of the three age groups(from 12.4％in the patients＜18 years old to 20.6％in the patients aged 60 years or older).Conclusions B.cepacia is one of the clinically important non-fermenting gram-negative bacteria.Accurate and timely reporting of antimicrobial susceptibility test results and ongoing antimicrobial resistance surveillance are helpful for rational prescription of antimicrobial agents and proper prevention and control of nosocomial infections.

Objective:To investigate the clinical features and genetic etiology of a case of Kartagener syndrome with obstruc-tive azoospermia(KS-OAS).Methods:We collected the clinical data and results of examinations of a male infertility patient treated in the Women and Children's Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University.We analyzed the genetic etiology of the patient by high-through-put sequencing and bioinformatics,verified the pathogenic variants of CCDC1 14 by Sanger sequencing of the family members,and de-termined the protein expression of CCDC114 in normal subjects by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining.Results:The patient was confirmed with KS-OAS,and found with biallelic variation of CCDC114(c.71-2A＞C,c.816_817insGCAG)by se-quencing,which were inherited from father and mother,respectively.According to the American College of Medical Genetics and Ge-nomics(ACMG)guidelines,the variants were pathogenic.Two offspring were obtained by intracytoplasmic sperm injection(ICSI).Conclusion:The above findings have broadened the variation spectrum of the CCDC114,and provided some new ideas for genetic and assisted reproduction counseling for patients with Kartagener syndrome.The variation of CCDC114 does not affect the pregnancy out-come of ICSI.

Numerous studies have shown that depression is main-ly associated with the abnormal expression of connexin 43(Cx43)in astrocytes(Astro)and its mediated dysfunction of gap junction(GJ).However,the molecular mechanism of post-translational modifications targeting Cx43 to regulate neuroin-flammation-associated depression is still unclear.Post-transla-tional modifications of Cx43 mainly include phosphorylation of specific amino acid sites by PKC,PKA,PKG,MAPK and PTK,and protein degradation of Cx43 through the K48/K63 polyubiq-uitylation and deubiquitination pathways,which ultimately lead to protein degradation through K48/K63 polyubiquitination and deubiquitination.These modifications are ultimately involved in the regulation of neuroinflammatory responses through the associ-ation of GJ function.In this paper,we systematically review the role of Cx43 post-translational modifications in neuroinflamma-tion,with the aim of further exploring the potential application of targeting these modifications to modulate the inflammatory re-sponse mechanism in improving depressive symptoms.

Aim To explore the mechanism by which dioscin regulates IL-17+γδT cells in the treatment of arthritis.Methods A collagen-induced arthritis(CIA)model was established in DBA/1 mice using bovine type Ⅱ collagen.The mice were randomly divid-ed into the CIA model group,methotrexate(MTX)positive control group,and dioscin low-dose(Dioscin-L),medium-dose(Dioscin-M),and high-dose(Dios-cin-H)groups.After intervention,the therapeutic effects were evaluated using scoring methods.Joint pathological damage was analyzed by hematoxylin and eosin(HE)staining.The levels of anti-collagen-spe-cific antibodies and the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-17 were measured by ELISA.The expressions of γδT cells and their subtypes,as well as the secretion level of IL-17,were detected by flow cytometry.Results Dioscin significantly reduced the arthritis severity score in collagen-induced arthritis(CIA)mice,alleviated joint pathological damage,inhibited the production of IL-17 by splenic lymphocytes and the levels of anti-col-lagen-specific antibodies total IgG and IgG3,and de-creased the proportion of γδT cells in the lymph nodes,splenic γδT cells,and the Vδ4+T-cell subset.The level of IL-17 produced by the Vδ4 subtype in the lymph nodes of the intervention groups was lower than that in the model group,but the difference was not sta-tistically significant.Conclusion Dioscin has signifi-cant therapeutic effect on CIA,and its mechanism may be through the inhibition of γδT cells,but it is unlikely to be related to IL-17 derived from γδT cells.

Objective:To explore the application effect of family participatory multisensory support programme based on the theory of enriched environment on preterm infants and their mothers in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).Methods:A historical comparative study was conducted. One hundred and sixteen pairs of preterm infants and their mothers admitted to NICU, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities from March to October 2023 were selected by convenience sampling method and divided into control group and experimental group according to the time of admission. The control group was given routine care, while the experimental group implemented a family participatory multisensory support programme based on the enriched environment theory on the basis of the control group. The amplitude-integrated electroencephalography (aEEG) scores and the Chinese version of Parent-Child Interaction Feeding Scale (PCI-FS-C) scores before and after intervention, the Gesell developmental quotients at 40 weeks and 3 months of gestational age, the Chinese version of Maternal Attachment Inventory (CMAI) scores of preterm mothers on the day of discharge and 1 and 3 months after discharge were compared between the two groups.Results:A total of 105 pairs of premature infants and their mothers were included, 52 premature infants of control group, 29 males and 23 females; 53 premature infants of experimental group, including 32 males and 21 females. Before intervention, there were no significant differences in aEEG scores and PCI-FS-C scores between the two groups (all P>0.05). After intervention, the scores of aEEG and PCI-FS-C in the experimental group were (10.91 ± 2.18) and (12.62 ± 1.32) points, respectively, which were higher than (9.67 ± 1.94) and (10.42 ± 1.45) points in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant ( t=3.06, 8.15, both P<0.05). The Gesell developmental quotient were (54.03 ± 9.73), (55.17 ± 11.19), (57.20 ± 11.04), (53.60 ± 9.74), (55.17 ± 10.11) at 40 weeks of gestational age, and (77.15 ± 11.55), (76.62 ± 9.90), (72.76 ± 11.90), (81.47 ± 10.01), (76.51 ± 12.25) at 3 months of gestational age, respectively, which were higher than the control group (49.70 ± 9.07), (49.06 ± 8.61), (52.41 ± 9.01), (49.28 ± 8.78), (50.07 ± 12.52), and (71.10 ± 11.87), (69.02 ± 12.53), (65.77 ± 12.24), (75.08 ± 11.08), (68.63 ± 10.89), the differences were statistically significant ( t values were 2.30-3.49, all P<0.05). The CMAI scores of preterm mothers in the experimental group were (82.81 ± 12.85), (87.70 ± 10.29), (95.91 ± 8.76) points on the day of discharge and 1 and 3 months after discharge, respectively, which were higher than (68.71 ± 14.15), (82.04 ± 11.87), (90.98 ± 11.13) points of the control group, the differences were statistically significant ( t=5.35, 2.61, 2.52, all P<0.05). Conclusions:The family participatory multisensory support programme based on the theory of enriched environment can accelerate the maturation of brain electrical activity in preterm infants and promote brain function and neurobehavioural development; meanwhile, it improves maternal sensitivity and promotes the establishment of mother-infant attachment relationship in preterm infants.