To explore the advantages of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and integrative TCM-Western medicine approaches in the treatment of diabetic microvascular complications （DMC）， refine key pathophysiological insights and treatment principles， and promote academic innovation and strategic research planning in the prevention and treatment of DMC. The 38th session of the Expert Salon on Diseases Responding Specifically to Traditional Chinese Medicine， hosted by the China Association of Chinese Medicine， was held in Beijing， 2024. Experts in TCM， Western medicine， and interdisciplinary fields convened to conduct a systematic discussion on the pathogenesis， diagnostic and treatment challenges， and mechanism research related to DMC， ultimately forming a consensus on key directions. Four major research recommendations were proposed. The first is addressing clinical bottlenecks in the prevention and control of DMC by optimizing TCM-based evidence evaluation systems. The second is refining TCM core pathogenesis across DMC stages and establishing corresponding "disease-pattern-time" framework. The third is innovating mechanism research strategies to facilitate a shift from holistic regulation to targeted intervention in TCM. The fourth is advancing interdisciplinary collaboration to enhance the role of TCM in new drug development， research prioritization， and guideline formulation. TCM and integrative approaches offer distinct advantages in managing DMC. With a focus on the diseases responding specifically to TCM， strengthening evidence-based support and mechanism interpretation and promoting the integration of clinical care and research innovation will provide strong momentum for the modernization of TCM and the advancement of national health strategies.

Objective: Miniscrews are commonly utilized as temporary anchorage devices (TADs) in cases of maxillary protrusion and premolar extraction. This study aimed to investigate the effects and potential side effects of two conventional miniscrew configurations on the maxillary incisors. Methods: Eighty-two adult patients with maxillary dentoalveolar protrusion who had undergone bilateral first premolar extraction were retrospectively divided into three groups: non-TAD, two posterior miniscrews only (P-TADs), and two anterior and two posterior miniscrews combined (AP-TADs). Cone-beam computed tomography was used to evaluate the maxillary central incisors (U1). Results: The APTADs group had significantly greater U1 intrusion (1.99 ± 2.37 mm, n = 50) and less retroclination (1.70° ± 8.80°) compared to the P-TADs (–0.07 ± 1.65 mm and 9.45° ± 10.68°, n = 60) and non-TAD group (0.30 ± 1.61 mm and 1.91° ± 9.39°, n = 54).However, the AP-TADs group suffered from significantly greater apical root resorption (ARR) of U1 (2.69 ± 1.38 mm) than the P-TADs (1.63 ± 1.46 mm) and non-TAD group (0.89 ± 0.97 mm). Notably, the incidence of grade IV ARR was 16.6% in the AP-TADs group, significantly higher than the rates observed in the P-TADs (6.7%) and non-TAD (1.9%) groups. Multiple regression analysis revealed that after excluding tooth movement factors, the AP-TADs configuration resulted in an additional 0.5 mm of ARR compared with the P-TADs group. Conclusions In cases of maxillary protrusion and premolar extraction, the use of combined anterior and posterior miniscrews enhances incisor intrusion and minimizes torque loss of the maxillary incisors. However, this approach results in more severe ARR, likely due to the increased apical movement and composite force exerted.

To investigate body composition and associated factors in adolescents undergoing long-term regular sports training.

As a new generation of time-of-flight mass spectrometry,multiple-reflection time-of-flight mass spectrometry(MR-TOF-MS)has been increasingly applied in the fields such as nuclear physics,chemistry,and biology due to its ultra-high resolution and rapid analysis capabilities.However,the analytical performance of MR-TOF-MS largely depends on the ion bunch state entering the mass analyzer.In this study,a rectangular ion trap(RIT)was developed,designed and processed using printed circuit board technology,as an ion accumulating and focusing device for MR-TOF mass analyzer.Compared to traditional ion traps composed of two sets of planar electrodes,this RIT had higher voltage utilization efficiency,resulting in more efficient ion collection and focusing.The ions were cooled to a sufficiently small bunch for precise mass measurement with MR-TOF-MS mass spectrometry in only 1 ms of cooling time in the RIT,then orthogonally ejected to the MR-TOF mass spectrometer for mass analysis.Experimental results indicated that the working cycle,ion flux,and ion focusing state of the RIT fully met the requirements of the MR-TOF mass analyzer.When coupled with the MR-TOF mass analyzer,the RIT enabled MR-TOF-MS to achieve a mass resolution of 1.5×105.

Objective To investigate the correlation between serum homocysteine(Hcy),hemoglobin(HGB)and hematocrit(HCT)levels and the severity of condition and inflammatory factor levels in patients with chronic atrophic gastritis.Methods A total of 122 patients with chronic atrophic gastritis admitted to a hospital from January 2022 to December 2023 were selected as the disease group,and the disease group was di-vided into mild group(n=63)and severe group(n=59)according to pathological grades,and 106 healthy volunteers who underwent physical examination in a hospital during the same period were selected as the con-trol group.Clinical data of patients were collected and binary Logistic regression analysis was performed to an-alyze the factors affecting the severity of patients'condition,and Pearson correlation analysis was used to ana-lyze the correlation between Hcy,HGB,HCT and the levels of inflammatory factors.Receiver operating char-acteristic(ROC)curve was drawn to analyze the diagnostic value of Hcy,HGB and HCT on the severity of patients'condition.Results Compared with the control group,the serum Hcy level in the diseased group was increased,the serum HGB and HCT levels were decreased,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Compared with the mild group,the serum Hcy level in the severe group was increased,the HGB and HCT levels were decreased,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Compared with mild group,the levels of C-reactive protein(CRP),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and interleukin(IL)-6 in se-vere group were increased,and the levels of IL-10 were decreased,with statistical significance(P<0.05).Bi-nary Logistic regression analysis showed that Hcy and CRP were the risk factors affecting the severity of pa-tients'condition(P<0.05),and HCT,HGB and IL-10 were the protective factors affecting the severity of pa-tients'condition(P<0.05).Hcy was positively correlated with CRP,TNF-α and IL-6,and negatively correla-ted with IL-10(P<0.05).HGB and HCT were negatively correlated with CRP,TNF-α and IL-6,and posi-tively correlated with IL-10(P<0.05).ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve of serum Hcy,HGB,HCT and the combined diagnosis of the severity of patients'condition were 0.834,0.814,0.822 and 0.923,respectively,and the combined diagnosis value of the three was significantly better than that of Hcy(Z=2.519,P=0.012),HGB(Z=2.660,P=0.008)and HCT(Z=2.596,P=0.009)alone.Conclusion The increase of serum Hcy and the decrease of serum HGB and HCT in patients with chronic atrophic gastritis are correlated with the severity of the patient's condition and the level of inflammatory factors.The combined de-tection of the three can be used for the diagnosis of the severity of chronic atrophic gastritis.

This article systematically summarizes the clinical experience of Professor Yang Jun,a nationally renowned traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)physician,in applying refined direct moxibustion(applying a moxibustion pen made by Chinese medical extract)to treat functional dyspepsia(FD)of the stuffiness-fullness type.Based on decades of clinical practice,Professor Yang innovatively established a moxibustion therapy system for FD,which centers on TCM syndrome differentiation and treatment.The system emphasizes the refined identification of epigastric stuffiness and fullness syndrome,particularly focusing on the relative significance of abdominal distension and poor appetite.Its therapeutic features lie in establishing the principle of"prioritizing mind regulation while holistically harmonizing body and spirit",combined with personalized moxibustion dosage control and a unique refined direct moxibustion technique.By optimizing the configuration of each step in moxibustion therapy,the system maximizes therapeutic efficacy,providing novel theoretical foundations and clinical strategies for moxibustion treatment of stuffiness-fullness type of FD.

This article introduces Professor Yang Jun's clinical experience in treating bronchial asthma using warming needle moxibustion via the governor vessel-unblocking and conception vessel-regulating method.Professor Yang posits that asthma pathogenesis-whether triggered by internal imbalances or external pathogens-ultimately stems from yin-yang disharmony leading to rebellious lung qi and impaired diffusion/descending functions.Thus,restoring dynamic yin-yang balance constitutes the core therapeutic principle.As the governor and conception vessels govern the body's yin-yang regulation,Professor Yang's decades of clinical practice substantiate that"harmonizing these vessels determines life's vitality".His protocol combines warming needle moxibustion with press needles to activate governor-conception vessel functions,achieving five therapeutic effects:(1)yin-yang harmonization,(2)qi movement regulation,(3)meridian unblocking,(4)visceral stabilization,and(5)pathogen elimination,demonstrating remarkable efficacy.

The study aims to examine the effects and potential mechanisms of disulfiram (DSF) on cardiac hypertrophic injury, focusing on the role of transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1)-mediated pan-apoptosis (PANoptosis). H9C2 cardiomyocytes were treated with angiotensin II (Ang II, 1 µmol/L) to establish an in vitro model of myocardial hypertrophy. DSF (40 µmol/L) was used to treat cardiomyocyte hypertrophic injury models, either along or in combination with the TAK1 inhibitor, 5z-7-oxozeaenol (5z-7, 0.1 µmol/L). We assessed cell damage using propidium iodide (PI) staining, measured cell viability with CCK8 assay, quantified inflammatory factor levels in cell culture media via ELISA, detected TAK1 and RIPK1 binding rates using immunoprecipitation, and analyzed the protein expression levels of key proteins in the TAK1-mediated PANoptosis pathway using Western blot. In addition, the surface area of cardiomyocytes was measured with Phalloidin staining. The results showed that Ang II significantly reduced the cellular viability of H9C2 cardiomyocytes and the binding rate of TAK1 and RIPK1, significantly increased the surface area of H9C2 cardiomyocytes, PI staining positive rate, levels of inflammatory factors [interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-18, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α)] in cell culture media and p-TAK1/TAK1 ratio, and significantly up-regulated key proteins in the PANoptosis pathway [pyroptosis-related proteins NLRP3, Caspase-1 (p20), and GSDMD-N (p30), apoptosis-related proteins Caspase-3 (p17), Caspase-7 (p20), and Caspase-8 (p18), as well as necroptosis-related proteins p-MLKL, RIPK1, and RIPK3]. DSF significantly reversed the above changes induced by Ang II. Both 5z-7 and exogenous IL-1β weakened these cardioprotective effects of DSF. These results suggest that DSF may alleviate cardiac hypertrophic injury by inhibiting TAK1-mediated PANoptosis.
Animals ; MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases/physiology* ; Rats ; Myocytes, Cardiac/pathology* ; Disulfiram/pharmacology* ; Cardiomegaly ; Apoptosis/drug effects* ; Cell Line ; Angiotensin II ; Necroptosis/drug effects* ; Interleukin-1beta/metabolism* ; Receptor-Interacting Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism* ; Lactones ; Resorcinols ; Zearalenone/administration & dosage*

Anxiety disorder is a highly prevalent psychological illness, and research has shown that obesity is a significant risk factor for its development. This study explored the ameliorative effects and mechanisms of saponins from Panax japonicus(SPJ) on anxiety disorder in mice fed a high-fat diet(HFD). Fifty C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into normal control diet(NCD) group, HFD group, and low-and high-dose SPJ groups. At week 12, six mice from the HFD group were further divided into a control group(treated with DMSO) and an exogenous fibroblast growth factor 21(FGF21) group(administered rFGF21). The anxiety-like behavior of the mice was assessed using the open field test and elevated plus maze test. Hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining and oil red O staining were performed to observe pathological changes in the liver and adipose tissue. Glucose metabolism was evaluated through the glucose tolerance test(GTT) and insulin tolerance test(ITT). Western blot analysis was performed to detect the expression of FGF21 and its downstream-related proteins in the liver and cortex, along with the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF), disks large homolog 4(DLG4), and synaptophysin(SYP) in the cortex. Real-time quantitative fluorescent PCR(qPCR) was used to detect the expression of FGF21 and its receptor genes in the liver and cortex. Immunofluorescence staining was employed to examine the expression of neuronal activator c-Fos, FGF21, and the FGF21 co-receptor β-klotho in the cerebral cortex. The results showed that SPJ significantly improved the frequency of activity in the open arms of the elevated plus maze and the central area of the open field in HFD mice, up-regulated the expression of BDNF, DLG4, and SYP, and effectively alleviated anxiety-like behaviors in HFD mice. Compared with the NCD group, HFD mice exhibited up-regulated expression of FGF21 in the liver and cerebral cortex, while the expression of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1(FGFR1) and β-klotho was significantly down-regulated, suggesting that HFD mice exhibited FGF21 resistance. SPJ markedly up-regulated the β-klotho levels in HFD mice, reversing FGF21 resistance. Further comparison with exogenously administered FGF21 revealed that SPJ activates brain cortical regions in a consistent manner, and additionally, SPJ promotes the number and colocalization of c-Fos and β-klotho positive cells in the brain cortex. In summary, SPJ effectively alleviates anxiety-like behaviors in HFD mice. Its mechanism is associated with up-regulation of β-klotho expression in the brain, reversal of FGF21 resistance, and subsequent activation of neurons in the cerebral cortex and amygdala.
Animals ; Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects* ; Fibroblast Growth Factors/genetics* ; Mice ; Male ; Panax/chemistry* ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Anxiety/etiology* ; Saponins/administration & dosage* ; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/genetics* ; Humans ; Liver/metabolism* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration & dosage*