Dental pulp-dentin complex defects remain a major unresolved problem in oral medicines. Clinical therapeutic methods including root canal therapy and vital pulp therapy are both considered as conservative strategies, which are incapable of repairing the pulp-dentin complex defects. Although biomaterial-based strategies show remarkable progress in antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and pulp regeneration, the important modulatory effects of nerves within pulp cavity have been greatly overlooked, making it challenging to achieve functional pulp-dentin complex regeneration. In this study, we propose an injectable bioceramics-containing composite hydrogel in combination of Li-Ca-Si (LCS) bioceramics and gelatin methacrylate matrix with photo-crosslinking properties. Due to the sustained release of bioactive Li, Ca and Si ions from LCS, the composite hydrogels possess multiple functions of promoting the neurogenic differentiation of Schwann cells, odontogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells, and neurogenesis-odontogenesis couples in vitro. In addition, the in vivo results showed that LCS-containing composite hydrogel can significantly promote the pulp-dentin complex repair. More importantly, LCS bioceramics-containing composite hydrogel can induce the growth of nerve fibers, leading to the re-innervation of pulp tissues. Taken together, the study suggests that LCS bioceramics can induce the innervation of pulp-dentin complex repair, offering a referable strategy of designing multifunctional filling materials for functional periodontal tissue regeneration.
Dental Pulp/drug effects* ; Hydrogels/pharmacology* ; Animals ; Ceramics/pharmacology* ; Dentin/drug effects* ; Biocompatible Materials/pharmacology* ; Rats ; Gelatin ; Regeneration/drug effects* ; Cell Differentiation/drug effects* ; Injections ; Humans ; Odontogenesis/drug effects*

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to explore the association between body mass index (BMI) and mortality based on the 10-year population-based multicenter prospective study. METHODS: A general population-based multicenter prospective study was conducted at four sites in rural China between 2013 and 2023. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models and restricted cubic spline analyses were used to assess the association between BMI and mortality. Stratified analyses were performed based on the individual characteristics of the participants. RESULTS: Overall, 19,107 participants with a sum of 163,095 person-years were included and 1,910 participants died. The underweight (< 18.5 kg/m ²) presented an increase in all-cause mortality (adjusted hazards ratio [ aHR] = 2.00, 95% confidence interval [ CI]: 1.66-2.41), while overweight (≥ 24.0 to < 28.0 kg/m ²) and obesity (≥ 28.0 kg/m ²) presented a decrease with an aHR of 0.61 (95% CI: 0.52-0.73) and 0.51 (95% CI: 0.37-0.70), respectively. Overweight ( aHR = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.67-0.86) and mild obesity ( aHR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.59-0.87) had a positive impact on mortality in people older than 60 years. All-cause mortality decreased rapidly until reaching a BMI of 25.7 kg/m ² ( aHR = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.92-0.98) and increased slightly above that value, indicating a U-shaped association. The beneficial impact of being overweight on mortality was robust in most subgroups and sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSION This study provides additional evidence that overweight and mild obesity may be inversely related to the risk of death in individuals older than 60 years. Therefore, it is essential to consider age differences when formulating health and weight management strategies.
Humans ; Body Mass Index ; China/epidemiology* ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Rural Population/statistics & numerical data* ; Aged ; Follow-Up Studies ; Adult ; Mortality ; Cause of Death ; Obesity/mortality* ; Overweight/mortality*

Objective To investigate the genotypic and phenotypic characteristics of AB type GM2 gangliosidosis(GM2-GLS)with onset during childhood.Methods The report analyzed the clinical data and gene detection results of a 4-year-old child with AB type GM2-GLS diagnosed by Trio whole exome detection in March 2022 admitted to the Department of Pediatrics of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region People's Hospital.The clinical data and genetic testing results are analyzed.A literature review was also conducted on relevant studies published between 1991 and 2022 in the PubMed database.Results The results of Trio whole exome sequencing and Sanger verification showed that the GM2A gene carried two compound heterozygous mutations:c.158_159delTG and c.496G>A,which caused p.L53Rfs*3 frameshift mutation and p.G166R missense mutation,respectively.A total of 20 cases were reported in 22 articles.A total of 11 mutation types of GM2A gene were included in the ClinVar Database.Conclusions AB type GM2-GLS is a rare autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disease,and its gene test is helpful for definite diagnosis.

Ten compounds were isolated from the 95% ethanol extract of the whole plant of Bidens pilosa L. by silica gel column chromatography, polyamide column chromatography, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, MCI column chromatography, and semi-preparative HPLC methods. Based on its physicochemical properties and spectral data (UV, IR, MS, NMR), the structures of the isolates were identified as bidpilaurone glycoside A (1), Z-6-O-(4″-O-acetyl-6″-O-p-coumarinyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-6,7,3′,4′-tetrahydroxyaurone (2), okanin 4′-O-β-D-(4″,6″-diacetyl) glucopyranoside (3), Z-6-O-(6″-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-6,7,3′,4′-tetrahydroxyaurone (4), 6,7,3,4′-tetrahydroxyaurone (5), Z-6-O-(6-O-coumarinyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-6,7,3′,4′-tetrahydroxyaurone (6), Z-6-O-(4,6-acetyl-β-D-pyranosyl)-6,7,3,4′-tetrahydroxyaurone (7), Z-6-O-(6″-O-p-coumarinyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-6,7,3′,4′-tetrahydroxyaurone (8), luteolin (9), and 7-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-5,3′-dihydroxy-3,6,4′-trimethoxyflavone (10). Among them, compound 1 was a new aurone glycoside from B. pilosa L. Compounds 4 and 9 could partially inhibit the lipid deposition induced by sodium oleate and palmitate in human liver HepG2 cells. Molecular docking technology predicts that the potential target for its hypolipidemic activity may be peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors γ (PPARγ).

Twelve compounds were isolated and purified from 95% ethanol extract of the whole plant of C. lucidissima by silica gel column chromatography, MCI column chromatography and ODS column chromatography, polyamide column chromatography, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, combined with semi-preparative HPLC methods. Based on the physicochemical properties and spectral data (UV, IR, MS, NMR), the structures of the isolates were identified as canlucdiphenyl ether A (1), canlucdiphenyl ether B (2), canlucbenzophenone A (3), (-)-pinoresinol (4), 3-hydroxybenzoic acid (5), 1,3,8-trihydroxy-6-hydroxymethylanthraquinone (6), dihydrokaempferol (7), 6,7-dihydroxycoumarin (8), 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzoic acid (9), 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxycinnamic acid (10), 2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid (11), (-)-syringaresinol (12). Among them, compounds 1 and 2 are two new diphenyl ether and 3 is a new natural product. Compound 8 exhibited some anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting the lipopolysaccharide-induced NO production in RAW264.7 cells.

Gap junction(GJ),also known as gap junction,is widely found between neurons and glial cells,and can connect neighboring cells and mediate the transmission of electrical sig-nals between neighboring cells.The GJ channel,which exists between neurons and mediates intercellular electrical signaling,is also known as an electrical synapse.Connexins(Cxs)are the molecular basis of GJ,and are expressed to different degrees in different neurons and glial cells.The presence of GJ mediates different functions among neurons and glial cells,which further influences the establishment of various mature neural circuits,re-flecting the importance of GJ in the maintenance of neural cir-cuits.This review summarizes the relationship between GJ and neural circuits in relation to the effects of GJ and different Cxs on neurons and glial cells,providing new research ideas for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect and mechanism of Dahuang Zhechong Pill (DHZCP) on liver fibrosis. METHODS: Liver fibrosis cell model was induced by transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in hepatic stellate cells (HSC-T6). DHZCP medicated serum (DMS) was prepared in rats. HSC-T6 cells were divided into the control (15% normal blank serum culture), TGF-β (15% normal blank serum + 5 ng/mL TGF-β), DHZCP (15% DMS + 5 ng/mL TGF-β), DHZCP+PDTC [15% DMS + 4 mmol/L ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC)+ 5 ng/mL TGF-β], and PDTC groups (4 mmol/L PDTC + 5 ng/mL TGF-β). Cell activity was detected by cell counting kit 8 and levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in the cell supernatant were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbnent assay. Western blot was used to measure the expressions of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase/nuclear factor kappa B/transforming growth factor-β1 (p38 MAPK/NF-κ B/TGF-β1) pathway related proteins, and the localization and expressions of these proteins were observed by immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS: DHZCP improves the viability of cells damaged by TGF-β and reduces inflammatory cytokines and ALT and AST levels in the supernatant of HSC-T6 cells induced with TGF-β (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Compared with the TGF-β group, NF-κ B p65 levels in the DHZCP group were decreased (P<0.05). p38 MAPK and NF-κ B p65 levels in the DHZCP+PDTC were also reduced (P<0.01). Compared with the TGF-β group, the protein expression of Smad2 showed a downward trend in the DHZCP, DHZCP+PDTC, and PDTC groups (all P<0.01), and the decreasing trend of Samd3 was statistically significant only in DHZCP+PDTC group (P<0.01), whereas Smad7 was increased (P<0.05 or P<0.01). CONCLUSION DHZCP can inhibit the process of HSC-T6 cell fibrosis by down-regulating the expression of p38 MAPK/NF-κ B/TGF-β1 pathway.
Animals ; Liver Cirrhosis/pathology* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism* ; NF-kappa B/metabolism* ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1/metabolism* ; Male ; Signal Transduction/drug effects* ; Rats ; Disease Progression ; Cell Line ; Hepatic Stellate Cells/pathology* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Depression is one of the most common psychiatric disorders with high prevalence, disability and relapse rates, and its etiology and pathogenesis are complex and still not fully understood. Neurotransmitters play a key role in maintaining chemical homeostasis in brain, and many studies have shown a strong link between neurotransmitters and the development and treatment of depression in recent years. Therefore, studying the neurotransmitters associated with depression has the potential to provide research targets and ideas for the pathogenesis and treatment strategies of depression. This paper reviews the recent domestic and foreign research results on neurotransmitter function and the pathogenesis of depression, aiming to analyze the in-depth relationship between neurotransmitter function and the pathogenesis of depression, and provide research ideas for the follow-up ex-ploration of the pathogenesis and diagnosis and treatment strategies of depression.

Bile acids (BAs) are a group of endogenous steroid molecules that regulate lipid, glucose and energy metabolism. They play an important role in maintaining body homeostasis and physiological functions as key signaling molecules for host and gut microbial metabolism. The accurate characterization and quantification of BAs in vivo is of great importance in basic and clinical research. Over the past decades, enzymatic assay, enzyme-linked immunoassay, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), chromatography, and other related techniques have been developed and applied to the detection of BAs. The diverse structures of BAs, the existence of isomers and the complex matrix of biological samples pose great challenges for the detection of endogenous BAs. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) is a robust analytical technique that combines the rapid separation capacities of UPLC with the powerful structural identification capabilities of MS/MS, facilitating the more rapid separation, characterization and accurate quantitative of target analytes in biological samples. UPLC-MS/MS has been widely used in the quantitative analysis of BAs in recent years for its high selectivity, high sensitivity, and high accuracy. This paper summarized the biosynthetic pathways of BAs, sample pretreatment methods, common analytical detection techniques, and highlights the current status of the application of UPLC-MS/MS technology in the analysis of endogenous BAs over the past five years, to provide a reference for the accurate detection of endogenous BAs and further research development and application.