The prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is higher among individuals with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) than in the general population. Emerging evidence indicates that the development of MASLD in patients with IBD may occur independently of traditional metabolic risk factors, suggesting a unique pathophysiological mechanism distinct from conventional MASLD pathways. Bile acids (BAs), which act as critical signaling molecules in enterohepatic circulation, play an essential role in maintaining gastrointestinal homeostasis through bidirectional gut–liver axis communication. These molecules are increasingly recognized as pivotal regulators in the progression of both MASLD and IBD. While previous studies have characterized the dynamics of BA in blood or fecal samples under both conditions, a comprehensive understanding of their metabolic profiles and the associated interactions within the gut–liver axis is still lacking. This review synthesizes current evidence from studies employing BA metabolomics to investigate IBD and MASLD. By focusing on BA signatures, we summarize conserved alterations between these two conditions and their potential mechanisms of disease progression. Our review advances understanding of BA-mediated pathways in IBD and MASLD, providing a foundation for assessing their roles in contributing to the pathogenesis of MASLD in patients with IBD.

Blood from a case of group B epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis identified in February 2024 in Ganzhou City,Jiangxi Province,and throat swabs from close contacts were collected for isolation and culture.The isolates were subjected to serogrouping,drug sensitivity testing,and whole genome sequencing and analysis,to provide a basis for epidemiological inves-tigation and clinical drug use.One strain of Neisseria meningitidis was isolated from the blood of the case and denoted group B.The MLST type was ST-7962,with no clonal group attribution.The phylogenetic tree showed that it was genetically close to the 1977 Shanghai carrier isolate(id-52231).Drug sensitivity results indicated that the strain was sensitive to 8 drugs:azithro-mycin,cefotaxime,minocycline,ceftriaxone,chloramphenicol,meropenem,rifampicin,and benzylpenicillin;resistant to cot-rimoxazole,levofloxacin,and ciprofloxacin;and showed an intermediate response to penicillin.This report describes the first case of ST-7962 group B meningoencephalitis found in Jiangxi Province.Monitoring of Neisseria meningitidis carriage,drug re-sistance,and molecular characteristics of strains in the healthy population in this region should be strengthened,to provide la-boratory support for the clinical use of medications,traceability,and control of the pathogen underlying meningoencephalitis infection.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),polymerase chain reaction(PCR),and gold chromatographic strip assay(GICA)in diagnosing clonorchiasis through a meta-analysis of diagnostic tests.Methods Relevant databases,including CNKI,the Wan Fang Database,VIP,and PubMed,were searched according to inclusion and exclusion criteria.Literature quality was assessed using RevMan 5.4 and Stata 18,and funnel plots,forest plots,and SROC curves were generated.Results A total of 50 articles met the inclusion criteria.Deeks'funnel plot analysis indicated no significant publication bias among the three methods.The combined effect size analysis revealed that the sensitivity and specificity of ELISA for detecting clonorchiasis were 0.93(0.89-0.95)and 0.94(0.92-0.96),respectively,with an area under the SROC curve of 0.98.For PCR,the sensitivity and specificity were 0.93(0.84-0.97)and 0.92(0.80-0.97),respectively,yielding an area under the SROC curve of 0.97.The sensitivity and specificity of the GICA method for detecting clonorchiasis were 0.91(0.83-0.96)and 0.95(0.87-0.98),respectively,with an area under the SROC curve of 0.97.Conclusions In the diagnosis of clonorchiasis,ELISA,PCR and GICA have high diagnostic value,but their ranges differ from each other.

Blood from a case of group B epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis identified in February 2024 in Ganzhou City,Jiangxi Province,and throat swabs from close contacts were collected for isolation and culture.The isolates were subjected to serogrouping,drug sensitivity testing,and whole genome sequencing and analysis,to provide a basis for epidemiological inves-tigation and clinical drug use.One strain of Neisseria meningitidis was isolated from the blood of the case and denoted group B.The MLST type was ST-7962,with no clonal group attribution.The phylogenetic tree showed that it was genetically close to the 1977 Shanghai carrier isolate(id-52231).Drug sensitivity results indicated that the strain was sensitive to 8 drugs:azithro-mycin,cefotaxime,minocycline,ceftriaxone,chloramphenicol,meropenem,rifampicin,and benzylpenicillin;resistant to cot-rimoxazole,levofloxacin,and ciprofloxacin;and showed an intermediate response to penicillin.This report describes the first case of ST-7962 group B meningoencephalitis found in Jiangxi Province.Monitoring of Neisseria meningitidis carriage,drug re-sistance,and molecular characteristics of strains in the healthy population in this region should be strengthened,to provide la-boratory support for the clinical use of medications,traceability,and control of the pathogen underlying meningoencephalitis infection.

Objective To explore the pain catastrophizing (PC) level of pain in patients with multiple fractures and its influencing factors. Methods A convenience sampling method was used to investigate 156 patients with multiple fractures in the orthopedic trauma department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University. The questionnaire included a general information survey, a Digital Pain Rating Scale, PC scale, Positive and Negative Emotion Scale, and Social Rating Scale. Results The average PC score of patients with multiple fractures was (23.22±12.05), with 27 patients (17.20%) reaching the PC level. The average score of the Digital Pain Rating Scale was (6.30±1.49), the score of the Positive Emotion Scale was (27.92±6.06), the score of the Negative Emotion Scale was (23.18±7.00), and the total score of the Social Rating Scale was (27.90±4.61). The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that pain score, negative emotion level, and social support level had predictive effects in PC among patients with multiple fractures. Conclusion The incidence of PC among patients with multiple fractures is at a moderate to high level. Patients with high pain scores, high negative emotion scores, and low social support are more likely to develop PC.

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis in the elderly people in Wuhan during 2016-2020, and to provide a basis for formulating effective prevention and control strategies and measures. Methods Using the National Tuberculosis Information Management System, a descriptive statistical analysis was performed on the medical records of elderly (≥60 years old) pulmonary tuberculosis patients registered in Wuhan from 2016 to 2020. Results A total of 9 427 elderly pulmonary tuberculosis patients were registered in Wuhan during 2016-2020, accounting for 32.07% of the total number of registrations in the whole population. The reported incidence rate of tuberculosis in the elderly was significantly higher than that in the total population, and the reported incidence rates in both the elderly and the general population showed declining trends (whole population χ²_trend=216.97, P<0.05, elderly population χ²_trend=153.57, P<0.05). The time distribution showed that more cases occurred from April to November (70.90%). The top three districts with the largest number of registered cases were far urban areas, namely Huangpi District (13.81%), Xinzhou District (11.55%), and Jiangxia District (9.82%). The ratio of male to female with pulmonary tuberculosis in elderly patients was 2.85:1. Among the elderly pulmonary tuberculosis, the most registered cases were in the age group of 60 ~ years old, followed by 65 ~ years old. The proportion of smear-positive in elderly patients with pulmonary tuberculosis retreatment was 16.83%. Conclusion From 2016 to 2020, the epidemic situation of elderly pulmonary tuberculosis showed a downward trend in Wuhan. However, the elderly population with tuberculosis registrations still accounted for a relatively high proportion of the total population. According to the epidemiological characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis among the elderly, the city should carry out tuberculosis prevention and control work in a timely, appropriate and focused manner.

This study used the zebrafish model to explore the hepatotoxicity of Rhododendri Mollis Flos(RMF). The mortality was calculated according to the number of the survival of zebrafish larvae 4 days after fertilization under different concentration of RMF, and the dose-toxicity curve was fitted to preliminarily evaluate the toxicity of RMF. The liver phenotypes under the sublethal concentration of RMF in the treatment group and the blank control group were observed by hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining and acridine orange(AO) staining. Meanwhile, the activities of alanine aminotransferase(ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase(AST) were determined to confirm the hepatotoxicity of RMF. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(real-time PCR) and Western blot were used to determine the expressions of genes and proteins in zebrafish larvae. Gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry(GC-TOF-MS) was used to conduct untargeted metabolomics testing to explore the mechanism. The results showed that the toxicity of RMF to zebrafish larvae was dose-dependent, with 1 100 μg·mL~(-1) of the absolute lethal concentration and 448 μg·mL~(-1) of sublethal concentration. The hepatocyte apoptosis and degeneration appeared in the zebrafish larvae under the sublethal concentration of RMF. The content of ALT and AST in zebrafish larvae at the end of the experiment was significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner. Under the sublethal concentration, the expressions of genes and proteins related to apoptosis in zebrafish larvae were significantly increased as compared with the blank control group. The results of untargeted metabolomics showed that the important metabolites related to the he-patotoxicity of RMF were mainly enriched in alanine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, and other pathways. In conclusion, it is inferred that RMF has certain hepatotoxicity to zebrafish larvae, and its mechanism may be related to apoptosis.
Animals ; Zebrafish/genetics* ; Apoptosis ; Larva ; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury

Objective: To analyze the clinical epidemiological characteristics including composition of pathogens , clinical characteristics, and disease prognosis acute bacterial meningitis (ABM) in Chinese children. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical and laboratory data of 1 610 children <15 years of age with ABM in 33 tertiary hospitals in China from January 2019 to December 2020. Patients were divided into different groups according to age,<28 days group, 28 days to <3 months group, 3 months to <1 year group, 1-<5 years of age group, 5-<15 years of age group; etiology confirmed group and clinically diagnosed group according to etiology diagnosis. Non-numeric variables were analyzed with the Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test, while non-normal distrituction numeric variables were compared with nonparametric test. Results: Among 1 610 children with ABM, 955 were male and 650 were female (5 cases were not provided with gender information), and the age of onset was 1.5 (0.5, 5.5) months. There were 588 cases age from <28 days, 462 cases age from 28 days to <3 months, 302 cases age from 3 months to <1 year of age group, 156 cases in the 1-<5 years of age and 101 cases in the 5-<15 years of age. The detection rates were 38.8% (95/245) and 31.5% (70/222) of Escherichia coli and 27.8% (68/245) and 35.1% (78/222) of Streptococcus agalactiae in infants younger than 28 days of age and 28 days to 3 months of age; the detection rates of Streptococcus pneumonia, Escherichia coli, and Streptococcus agalactiae were 34.3% (61/178), 14.0% (25/178) and 13.5% (24/178) in the 3 months of age to <1 year of age group; the dominant pathogens were Streptococcus pneumoniae and the detection rate were 67.9% (74/109) and 44.4% (16/36) in the 1-<5 years of age and 5-<15 years of age . There were 9.7% (19/195) strains of Escherichia coli producing ultra-broad-spectrum β-lactamases. The positive rates of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture and blood culture were 32.2% (515/1 598) and 25.0% (400/1 598), while 38.2% (126/330)and 25.3% (21/83) in CSF metagenomics next generation sequencing and Streptococcus pneumoniae antigen detection. There were 4.3% (32/790) cases of which CSF white blood cell counts were normal in etiology confirmed group. Among 1 610 children with ABM, main intracranial imaging complications were subdural effusion and (or) empyema in 349 cases (21.7%), hydrocephalus in 233 cases (14.5%), brain abscess in 178 cases (11.1%), and other cerebrovascular diseases, including encephalomalacia, cerebral infarction, and encephalatrophy, in 174 cases (10.8%). Among the 166 cases (10.3%) with unfavorable outcome, 32 cases (2.0%) died among whom 24 cases died before 1 year of age, and 37 cases (2.3%) had recurrence among whom 25 cases had recurrence within 3 weeks. The incidences of subdural effusion and (or) empyema, brain abscess and ependymitis in the etiology confirmed group were significantly higher than those in the clinically diagnosed group (26.2% (207/790) vs. 17.3% (142/820), 13.0% (103/790) vs. 9.1% (75/820), 4.6% (36/790) vs. 2.7% (22/820), χ²=18.71, 6.20, 4.07, all P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in the unfavorable outcomes, mortility, and recurrence between these 2 groups (all P>0.05). Conclusions: The onset age of ABM in children is usually within 1 year of age, especially <3 months. The common pathogens in infants <3 months of age are Escherichia coli and Streptococcus agalactiae, and the dominant pathogen in infant ≥3 months is Streptococcus pneumoniae. Subdural effusion and (or) empyema and hydrocephalus are common complications. ABM should not be excluded even if CSF white blood cell counts is within normal range. Standardized bacteriological examination should be paid more attention to increase the pathogenic detection rate. Non-culture CSF detection methods may facilitate the pathogenic diagnosis.
Adolescent ; Brain Abscess ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Escherichia coli ; Female ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Meningitis, Bacterial/epidemiology* ; Retrospective Studies ; Streptococcus agalactiae ; Streptococcus pneumoniae ; Subdural Effusion ; beta-Lactamases

ObjectiveIn the past， many studies have reported the mode of colorectal cancer（CRC） metastasis， but there is still a lack of research based on long-term follow-up and death as the end point to summarize the location， mode and related survival data of CRC metastasis. MethodsThe data of 373 dead patients with colorectal cancer in the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University were reviewed， and the location， mode， incidence and survival data of tumor metastasis were statistically analyzed. Results334 patients （89.5%） died of tumor related death. The liver metastasis rate was 51.5%， the lung metastasis rate was 40.4%， and the peritoneal metastasis rate was 55.7%. The number of patients with liver， lung or peritoneal metastasis only was 27 （8%）， 21 （6.3%） and 63 （18.9%） respectively. The prognosis of patients with simple lung metastasis was better （P<0.01）. There were 66 patients （19.7%） with simultaneous metastasis of liver， lung and peritoneum， and the prognosis was the worst （P<0.01）. ConclusionNot all dead colorectal cancer patients have simultaneous metastasis of liver， lung and peritoneum. There are differences in the location and mode of metastasis in different patients， which is related to survival.

Objective To investigate the mutation characteristics of drug resistance genes of multidrug-resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis in Wuhan, and to provide evidence for molecular diagnosis of drug-resistant tuberculosis. Methods Whole-genome sequencing was performed on 149 isolates collected from Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital in 2017 to obtain the specific mutation of genotype or subtype of H37Rv and the drug-resistant gene mutation of anti-TB drugs. The correlation between major mutation types and genotypes or subtypes was analyzed. Results Among the 149 strains, the major mutation types of resistance-related genes to common anti-tuberculosis drugs were katG Ser315Thr (65.77%, isoniazid), ropB Ser450Leu (62.42%, rifampicin), rpsL Lys43Arg (46.31%, streptomycin), embB Met306Val (20.13%, ethambutol), pncA -11 T>C (3.36%, pyrazinamide), gyrA Ala90Val (10.07%, ofloxacin) , rrs -1401 A> G (4.70%, second-line injectable drugs), fabG -15C>T (14.09%, ethionamide), and folC Ile43Thr (3.36%, paza-aminosalicylate). Nine strains of ahpC-OxyR mutation (isoniazid resistance compensatory mutation) and five strains of ropC gene mutation (rifampicin resistance compensatory mutation) were found. The mutation frequency of embB Met306Ile of L4 strain was higher than that of L2, and the mutation frequency of rpsL Lys43Arg was lower than that of L2 (P < 0.05). The difference of mutation frequency of other sites was not statistically significant. The mutation frequency of thyA His75Asn in the ancient subtype was higher than that in the modern type (P<0.05). Conclusion The mutation of MDR-TB isolates in Wuhan displays genetic diversity and should be detected by whole genome sequencing rather than targeted molecular approaches, which may miss some mutations. Some mutation types of MDR-related genes are related to the genotype and subtype of the strains.