The chemical composition of Paeoniae Radix Alba(PRA) is complex, with primary secondary metabolites including monoterpenoids, tannins, triterpenoids, and flavonoids. In previous studies on the material basis of PRA, it was found that, in addition to the widely studied characteristic monoterpene glycosides, tannic acid components also play an important role in the efficacy of PRA. However, their pharmacological effects have not been thoroughly investigated. This paper reviews the tannic acid components in PRA, including pentagaloyl glucose(PGG), tetragaloyl glucose(TGG), trigaloyl glucose(TriGG), and gallic acid, along with their structures, properties, and characteristics to provide a detailed discussion of their pharmacological activities and related mechanisms, aiming to offer a theoretical basis for the material basis research and clinical application of PRA.
Paeonia/chemistry* ; Tannins/chemistry* ; Humans ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry* ; Animals ; Plant Extracts

Objective To develop and compare prediction models for hyperuricemia(HUA)in perim-enopausal and postmenopausal women using Lasso regression,random forest,and multivariate logistic regres-sion.Methods A multi-stage,stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 12 790 subjects from An-ning City,Yunnan Province.Prediction models for HUA were constructed using Lasso regression,random for-est,and multivariate logistic regression.The efficacy of the model was evaluated by accuracy,sensitivity,speci-ficity,F1 score,and area under the curve(AUC).Results LASSO regression analysis screened 19 variables for inclusion in the model,such as age,waist circumference,diastolic blood pressure,BMI,HDL-C,fasting blood glucose(FBG),etc.The accuracy rate was 0.701,the sensitivity was 0.703,the specificity was 0.680,and the F1 score was 0.806.The AUC(95%CI)was 0.770(0.748-0.792).The results of the random forest model show that variables such as creatinine,triglyceride-glucose index(TyG),TG,BMI,TC,Urea nitrogen(Urea),and ALT were relatively important,with an accuracy rate of 0.663,a sensitivity of 0.653,a specificity of 0.738,and an F1 score of 0.774.The AUC(95%CI)was 0.763(0.741-0.785).Multivariate logistic re-gression results showed that 11 variables including creatinine(Cr),TyG,BMI,Urea,and ALT were included in the model,with an accuracy rate of 0.705,a sensitivity of 0.707,a specificity of 0.686,an F1 score of 0.809,and an AUC(95%CI)of 0.771(0.749-0.793).Conclusion The overall performance of LASSO re-gression and multivariate logistic regression models is better.The random forest model has a strong variable screening ability and high specificity,and can be used as a supplement to provide more accurate predictions.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of transumbilical extracorporeal laparoscopic-assisted appendectomy(TUELAA)for pediatric uncomplicated appendicitis.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 38 cases treated with TUELAA between January2019 and October2024.The median age was7.5 years old(range,2.4-16.3 years old).The duration of abdominal pain before admission was(20.6±10.6)h.Preoperative ultrasound revealed an average appendiceal diameter of(0.92±0.15)cm,with appendicoliths identified in15 cases.A vertical umbilical incision approximately1.5 cm in length was made,through which a 5 mm trocar(15 cm in length)with a 30° laparoscope and a 5 mm short trocar(9 cm in length)with grasping forceps were inserted.The abdominal cavity was explored,adhesions were dissected,and the appendiceal tip was grasped.The tissue between the two trocars was incised,and the appendix was extracted through the umbilical incision for extracorporeal ligation and excision.Results Among the 38 cases,31 had no significant adhesions around the appendix,and the appendectomy was successfully performed with smooth extraction of the appendix.In the remaining 7 cases with adhesions around the appendix,blunt laparoscopic dissection was used to release the adhesions.After the appendix tip was freed,it was extracted through the umbilical incision for complete excision.The surgical time was(27.1±8.6)min,and the postoperative hospitalization was1-3 d.Pathological diagnoses revealed32 cases of acute suppurative appendicitis and 6 cases of gangrenous appendicitis.No intravenous analgesics were used postoperatively.No discomfort such as abdominal pain was noted during telephone follow-ups for 2-68 months(median,58 months).Conclusion TUELAA demonstrates definite efficacy and favorable cosmetic outcomes for the treatment of pediatric uncomplicated appendicitis.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of transumbilical extracorporeal laparoscopic-assisted appendectomy(TUELAA)for pediatric uncomplicated appendicitis.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 38 cases treated with TUELAA between January2019 and October2024.The median age was7.5 years old(range,2.4-16.3 years old).The duration of abdominal pain before admission was(20.6±10.6)h.Preoperative ultrasound revealed an average appendiceal diameter of(0.92±0.15)cm,with appendicoliths identified in15 cases.A vertical umbilical incision approximately1.5 cm in length was made,through which a 5 mm trocar(15 cm in length)with a 30° laparoscope and a 5 mm short trocar(9 cm in length)with grasping forceps were inserted.The abdominal cavity was explored,adhesions were dissected,and the appendiceal tip was grasped.The tissue between the two trocars was incised,and the appendix was extracted through the umbilical incision for extracorporeal ligation and excision.Results Among the 38 cases,31 had no significant adhesions around the appendix,and the appendectomy was successfully performed with smooth extraction of the appendix.In the remaining 7 cases with adhesions around the appendix,blunt laparoscopic dissection was used to release the adhesions.After the appendix tip was freed,it was extracted through the umbilical incision for complete excision.The surgical time was(27.1±8.6)min,and the postoperative hospitalization was1-3 d.Pathological diagnoses revealed32 cases of acute suppurative appendicitis and 6 cases of gangrenous appendicitis.No intravenous analgesics were used postoperatively.No discomfort such as abdominal pain was noted during telephone follow-ups for 2-68 months(median,58 months).Conclusion TUELAA demonstrates definite efficacy and favorable cosmetic outcomes for the treatment of pediatric uncomplicated appendicitis.

Objective To describe and analyze the current situation of the four same type of departments in an hospital in order to provide a reference for the construction of"the most cost-effective medical care".Methods The CN-DRG were used to automatically group and compare the medical capacity and inpatient service efficiency of the hospital department groups,and in the refined analysis,one DRG disease group of in situ cancer and non-malignant disease loss uterine surgery and single species uterine fibroid was included,and the Kruskal-Wallis H test was used to further compare the differences in length of stay and various costs.Results It included a total of 22630 patients,whose weights varied from a maximum of 3948.62 in diagnostic group 1 to a minimum of 133.55 in diagnostic group 11.The cost consumption indexes ranged from a minimum of 0.89 in diagnostic group 5 to a maximum of 1.04 in diagnostic group 2,while the time consumption indexes ranged from a minimum of 0.48 in diagnostic group 11 to a maximum of 0.81 in diagnostic group 5.When comparing the diagnostic groups,there were statistically significant differences(P＜0.05)in hospitalization days,total cost,diagnostic cost,therapeutic cost,and cost of supplies.Specifically,when comparing the diagnostic and treatment groups within departments,the differences in hospitalization days and all costs were statistically significant(P＜0.05)in departments 1 and 2,the differences in diagnostic cost,therapeutic cost,and cost of supplies were statistically significant(P＜0.05)in department 3.Conclusion There exists a notable disparity in the extent to which each diagnostic and treatment group contributes to the hospital's service capacity and cost variability.Consequently,it is necessary to reasonably evaluate the length of hospital stay and medical cost of patients to achieve the highest cost-effective medical treatment.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinicopathological features, molecular changes and prognostic factors in angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL). METHODS: Sixty-one cases AITL diagnosed by Department of Pathology of Peking University Cancer Hospital were collected with their clinical data. Morphologically, they were classified as typeⅠ[lymphoid tissue reactive hyperplasia (LRH) like]; typeⅡ[marginal zone lymphoma(MZL)like] and type Ⅲ [peripheral T-cell lymphoma, not specified (PTCL-NOS) like]. Immunohistochemical staining was used to evaluate the presence of follicular helper T-cell (TFH) phenotype, proliferation of extra germinal center (GC) follicular dendritic cells (FDCs), presence of Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg (HRS)-like cells and large B transformation. The density of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) + cells was counted with slides stained by Epstein-Barr virus encoded RNA (EBER) in situ hybridization on high power field (HPF). T-cell receptor / immunoglobulin gene (TCR/IG) clonality and targeted exome sequencing (TES) test were performed when necessary. SPSS 22.0 software was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Morphological subtype (%): 11.4% (7/61) cases were classified as type Ⅰ; 50.8% (31/61) as type Ⅱ; 37.8% (23/61) as type Ⅲ. 83.6% (51/61) cases showed classical TFH immunophenotype. With variable extra-GC FDC meshwork proliferation (median 20.0%); 23.0% (14/61) had HRS-like cells; 11.5% (7/61) with large B transformation. 42.6% (26/61) of cases with high counts of EBV. 57.9% (11/19) TCR⁺/IG^-, 26.3% (5/19) TCR⁺/IG⁺, 10.5% (2/19) were TCR^－/IG^－, and 5.3% (1/19) TCR^－/IG⁺. Mutation frequencies by TES were 66.7% (20/30) for RHOA, 23.3% (7/30) for IDH2 mutation, 80.0% (24/30) for TET2 mutation, and 33.3% (10/30) DNMT3A mutation. Integrated analysis divided into four groups: (1) IDH2 and RHOA co-mutation group (7 cases): 6 cases were type Ⅱ, 1 case was type Ⅲ; all with typical TFH phenotype; HRS-like cells and large B transformation were not found; (2) RHOA single mutation group (13 cases): 1 case was type Ⅰ, 6 cases were type Ⅱ, 6 cases were type Ⅲ; 5 cases without typical TFH phenotype; 6 cases had HRS-like cells, and 2 cases with large B transformation. Atypically, 1 case showed TCR^－/IG^－, 1 case with TCR^－/IG⁺, and 1 case with TCR⁺/IG⁺; (3) TET2 and/or DNMT3A mutation alone group (7 cases): 3 cases were type Ⅱ, 4 cases were type Ⅲ, all cases were found with typical TFH phenotype; 2 cases had HRS-like cells, 2 cases with large B transformation, and atypically; (4) non-mutation group (3 cases), all were type Ⅱ, with typical TFH phenotype, with significant extra-GC FDC proliferation, without HRS-like cells and large B transformation. Atypically, 1 case was TCR^－/IG^－. Univariate analysis confirmed that higher density of EBV positive cell was independent adverse prognostic factors for both overall survival (OS) and progression free survival(PFS), (P=0.017 and P=0.046). CONCLUSION Pathological diagnoses of ALTL cases with HRS-like cells, large B transformation or type Ⅰ are difficult. Although TCR/IG gene rearrangement test is helpful but still with limitation. TES involving RHOA, IDH2, TET2, DNMT3A can robustly assist in the differential diagnosis of those difficult cases. Higher density of EBV positive cells counts in tumor tissue might be an indicator for poor survival.
Humans ; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/genetics* ; Herpesvirus 4, Human/genetics* ; T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/pathology* ; Immunoblastic Lymphadenopathy/pathology* ; Lymphoma, T-Cell, Peripheral/pathology* ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell

Objective:To evaluate the effects of recombinant luteinizing hormone (rLH) and human menopausal gonadotropins (hMG) supplementation on pregnancy outcomes for suboptimal ovarian responders undergoing follicular phase long protocol.Methods:The data of infertile patients who underwent in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection and embryo transfer (IVF/ICSI-ET) for the first time with follicular phase long protocol from January 2017 to January 2020 in Reproductive Medicine Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Hospital were retrospectively cohort analyzed. Totally 2 336 patients with normal ovarian reserve were included in the study with suboptimal ovarian response to ovarian stimulation. According to the different exogenous LH supplementation, they were divided into hMG group ( n=1 558) and rLH group ( n=778). The clinical features and effects of ovulation induction were compared between the two groups and reproductive outcomes were compared in both fresh embryo transfer cycles and subsequent frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) cycles. Logistic regression analysis were performed to explore the relationship between different LH activity drugs supplementation and the cumulative live birth rate of suboptimal ovarian responders. Results:The basic characteristics such as age, infertility type and diagnosis, body mass index and biomarkers of ovarian reserve were comparable between the two groups (all P>0.05). Total dosage [(2 088.98±628.24) U] and duration [(12.22±2.29) d] of FSH used in the hMG group were significantly higher than those in the rLH group [(1 866.90±602.65) U, P<0.001; (11.89±2.37) d, P=0.001]. Total dosage [(537.30±484.49) U] and duration [(7.40±3.52) d] of LH used in the hMG group were significantly higher than those in the rLH group [(498.10±472.04) U, (5.67±3.78) d, P<0.001]. The serum LH levels on the first day [(0.78±0.77) U/L] and the sixth day [(0.81±0.49) U/L] of gonadotropin stimulation in the hMG group were higher than those in the rLH group [(0.67±0.32) U/L, P<0.001; (0.71±0.33) U/L, P=0.002]. However, the serum LH level was comparable on the trigger day between the two groups without significant difference ( P=0.303). The levels of serum estrodiol [(8 377.14±7 000.63) pmol/L] and progesterone [(3.84±2.18) nmol/L] on the trigger day were significantly higher in the hMG group than in the rLH group [(7 644.91±5 145.64) pmol/L, P=0.009; (3.14±1.80) ng/L, P<0.001]. The pregnancy outcomes including clinical pregnancy rates, abortion rates and live birth rates were comparable between the two groups in fresh embryo transfer cycles and the subsequent FET cycles (all P>0.05). The cumulative pregnancy rate (CPR) [89.46% (696/778)] and the cumulative live birth rate (CLBR) [78.02% (607/778)] in the rLH group were significantly higher than those in the hMG group [84.60% (1 318/1 558), P=0.001; 72.98% (1 137/1 558), P=0.008]. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age was a risk factor for CLBR ( OR=0.930, 95% CI: 0.906-0.955, P<0.001) and antral follicle count ( OR=1.029, 95% CI: 1.005-1.054, P=0.018), total number of oocytes retrieved ( OR=1.064, 95% CI: 1.029-1.100, P<0.001), the number of embryos transferred ( OR=1.714, 95% CI: 1.293-2.272, P<0.001), the stage of embryos transferred ( OR=1.567, 95% CI: 1.243-1.975, P<0.001), endometrial thickness on transfer day ( OR=1.122, 95% CI: 1.077-1.170, P<0.001) and rLH supplementation ( OR=1.348, 95% CI:1.101-1.651, P=0.004) were protective factors for CLBR of suboptimal responders. Conclusion:For suboptimal ovarian responders with normal ovarian reserve, rLH supplementation may achieve a higher CLBR than hMG supplementation in follicular phase long protocol.

Arrhythmias are usually asymptomatic and paroxysma.l Conventional 24h Holter electrocardiogram usually cannot discover all arrhythmia events,so long-term Holter electrocardiogram came into being.Main types of long-term Holter ECG recorders include wearable patch devices and implantable electrocardiogram recorders.Long-term Holter electrocardiogram has been applied to early screening of asymptomatic arrhythmia,etiological screening of cryptogenic ischemic stroke and etiological diagnosis of patients with unexplained syncope etc.The present article makes a review on research progress of long-term Holter electrocardiogram in clinical application in recent years.

Objective:To evaluate the effects of recombinant luteinizing hormone (rLH) and human menopausal gonadotropins (hMG) supplementation on pregnancy outcomes for suboptimal ovarian responders undergoing follicular phase long protocol.Methods:The data of infertile patients who underwent in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection and embryo transfer (IVF/ICSI-ET) for the first time with follicular phase long protocol from January 2017 to January 2020 in Reproductive Medicine Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Hospital were retrospectively cohort analyzed. Totally 2 336 patients with normal ovarian reserve were included in the study with suboptimal ovarian response to ovarian stimulation. According to the different exogenous LH supplementation, they were divided into hMG group ( n=1 558) and rLH group ( n=778). The clinical features and effects of ovulation induction were compared between the two groups and reproductive outcomes were compared in both fresh embryo transfer cycles and subsequent frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) cycles. Logistic regression analysis were performed to explore the relationship between different LH activity drugs supplementation and the cumulative live birth rate of suboptimal ovarian responders. Results:The basic characteristics such as age, infertility type and diagnosis, body mass index and biomarkers of ovarian reserve were comparable between the two groups (all P>0.05). Total dosage [(2 088.98±628.24) U] and duration [(12.22±2.29) d] of FSH used in the hMG group were significantly higher than those in the rLH group [(1 866.90±602.65) U, P<0.001; (11.89±2.37) d, P=0.001]. Total dosage [(537.30±484.49) U] and duration [(7.40±3.52) d] of LH used in the hMG group were significantly higher than those in the rLH group [(498.10±472.04) U, (5.67±3.78) d, P<0.001]. The serum LH levels on the first day [(0.78±0.77) U/L] and the sixth day [(0.81±0.49) U/L] of gonadotropin stimulation in the hMG group were higher than those in the rLH group [(0.67±0.32) U/L, P<0.001; (0.71±0.33) U/L, P=0.002]. However, the serum LH level was comparable on the trigger day between the two groups without significant difference ( P=0.303). The levels of serum estrodiol [(8 377.14±7 000.63) pmol/L] and progesterone [(3.84±2.18) nmol/L] on the trigger day were significantly higher in the hMG group than in the rLH group [(7 644.91±5 145.64) pmol/L, P=0.009; (3.14±1.80) ng/L, P<0.001]. The pregnancy outcomes including clinical pregnancy rates, abortion rates and live birth rates were comparable between the two groups in fresh embryo transfer cycles and the subsequent FET cycles (all P>0.05). The cumulative pregnancy rate (CPR) [89.46% (696/778)] and the cumulative live birth rate (CLBR) [78.02% (607/778)] in the rLH group were significantly higher than those in the hMG group [84.60% (1 318/1 558), P=0.001; 72.98% (1 137/1 558), P=0.008]. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age was a risk factor for CLBR ( OR=0.930, 95% CI: 0.906-0.955, P<0.001) and antral follicle count ( OR=1.029, 95% CI: 1.005-1.054, P=0.018), total number of oocytes retrieved ( OR=1.064, 95% CI: 1.029-1.100, P<0.001), the number of embryos transferred ( OR=1.714, 95% CI: 1.293-2.272, P<0.001), the stage of embryos transferred ( OR=1.567, 95% CI: 1.243-1.975, P<0.001), endometrial thickness on transfer day ( OR=1.122, 95% CI: 1.077-1.170, P<0.001) and rLH supplementation ( OR=1.348, 95% CI:1.101-1.651, P=0.004) were protective factors for CLBR of suboptimal responders. Conclusion:For suboptimal ovarian responders with normal ovarian reserve, rLH supplementation may achieve a higher CLBR than hMG supplementation in follicular phase long protocol.

ObjectiveTo observe the effect of ethyl acetate extract of Acanthopanacis Senticosi Radix et Rhizoma seu Caulis on high-fat diet-induced apolipoprotein E gene knockout （ApoE^-/-） mice， and explore its mechanism of treating atherosclerosis by regulating intestinal flora. MethodThirty-two 8-week-old male ApoE^-/- mice were randomly divided into model group， rosuvastatin group （10 mg·kg^-1）， high-， low-dose groups of ethyl acetate extract of Acanthopanacis Senticosi Radix et Rhizoma seu Caulis （75， 25 mg·kg^-1）， with 8 mice in each group. Eight C57BL/6 mice were used as blank group. After 8 weeks of continuous administration， blood was taken to determine the blood lipid level. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to detect the contents of related indexes in serum of mice. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was used to observe the formation of aortic plaque in mice. Cecal contents were collected and 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing was used to detect intestinal flora. ResultCompared with the blank group， the plaque area of the model group was significantly increased with inflammatory infiltration， the contents of triglyceride （TG）， total cholesterol （TC）， low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C）， inflammatory factors and inducible nitric oxide synthase （iNOS） were increased， while the content of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C） was decreased. Compared with the model group， rosuvastatin group and high- and low-dose groups of ethyl acetate extract of Acanthopanacis Senticosi Radix et Rhizoma seu Caulis could improve the deposition of aortic plaque， reduce the contents of TG， TC， LDL-C， inflammatory factors and iNOS， and increase the content of HDL-C. Compared with the blank group， the relative abundances of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria in the model group increased， while the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes decreased. Alpha and Beta diversity analysis showed that samples of each group could be significantly isolated， and the total number and abundance of intestinal flora species in the model group were low. Compared with the model group， ethyl acetate extract of Acanthopanacis Senticosi Radix et Rhizoma seu Caulis could increase the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria and decrease the relative abundance of pathogenic bacteria. ConclusionEthyl acetate extract of Acanthopanacis Senticosi Radix et Rhizoma seu Caulis was mainly composed of flavonoids， which can treat atherosclerosis by regulating the intestinal flora and improve the pathological changes in the aorta of ApoE^-/- mice induced by high-fat diet. The mechanism may be related to its ability to reduce the level of inflammatory factors， improve antioxidant capacity and repair the disorder of intestinal flora structure.