A 13-year-old boy presented with an 8-year history of repeated episodes of anemia. Laboratory investigations confirmed iron deficiency anemia due to occult blood loss from the gastrointestinal tract. Despite undergoing esophagogastroduodenoscopy, colonoscopy, and push enteroscopy, no abnormalities were detected. Subsequent computed tomography enterography also yielded normal results. However, a capsule endoscopy revealed multiple superficial ulcers in the jejunum and proximal ileum. Initially, the patient was treated for Crohn’s disease using various therapeutic approaches, all of which were unsuccessful. Further investigation led to a positive diagnosis for a rare condition known as chronic enteropathy associated with SLCO2A1 mutation (CEAS), marking the first reported case in India.

Bronchobiliary fistula is a very rare entity that presents with bilioptysis. We present a noteworthy case involving a patient with portal cavernoma cholangiopathy complicated by cholangitis and bronchobiliary fistula. The diagnosis was established through high-resolution computed tomography of the thorax and bronchoscopic evaluation. Subsequently, the patient underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with stenting of the common bile duct. Remarkably, the bronchobiliary fistula resolved 1 month after the procedure.

A 21-year-old man presented with acute onset of jaundice, abdominal pain, ascites, and hepatomegaly, along with a history of Budd-Chiari syndrome previously treated with vena cava angioplasty. Investigations revealed rapidly worsening jaundice, coagulopathy, elevated creatinine levels, reactive hepatitis B serology, and positive antiphospholipid antibodies, with scores indicating a poor prognosis for liver transplant-free survival.Abdominal computed tomography demonstrated a narrowed intrahepatic vena cava and new thrombosis in the right and middle hepatic veins. Renal biopsy, prompted by nephritic range proteinuria, indicated mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) with immune complex deposition. The described case involves acute-on-chronic liver failure with acute insults from new onset hepatic vein thrombosis and hepatitis B reactivation, in a patient at a non-transplant center, who also had underlying antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, and MPGN. The patient was successfully treated with antiviral, anticoagulation, and antiplatelet agents, along with a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor and a direct intrahepatic portosystemic shunt, despite having a Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score of 35.

A 13-year-old boy presented with an 8-year history of repeated episodes of anemia. Laboratory investigations confirmed iron deficiency anemia due to occult blood loss from the gastrointestinal tract. Despite undergoing esophagogastroduodenoscopy, colonoscopy, and push enteroscopy, no abnormalities were detected. Subsequent computed tomography enterography also yielded normal results. However, a capsule endoscopy revealed multiple superficial ulcers in the jejunum and proximal ileum. Initially, the patient was treated for Crohn’s disease using various therapeutic approaches, all of which were unsuccessful. Further investigation led to a positive diagnosis for a rare condition known as chronic enteropathy associated with SLCO2A1 mutation (CEAS), marking the first reported case in India.

Bronchobiliary fistula is a very rare entity that presents with bilioptysis. We present a noteworthy case involving a patient with portal cavernoma cholangiopathy complicated by cholangitis and bronchobiliary fistula. The diagnosis was established through high-resolution computed tomography of the thorax and bronchoscopic evaluation. Subsequently, the patient underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with stenting of the common bile duct. Remarkably, the bronchobiliary fistula resolved 1 month after the procedure.

A 21-year-old man presented with acute onset of jaundice, abdominal pain, ascites, and hepatomegaly, along with a history of Budd-Chiari syndrome previously treated with vena cava angioplasty. Investigations revealed rapidly worsening jaundice, coagulopathy, elevated creatinine levels, reactive hepatitis B serology, and positive antiphospholipid antibodies, with scores indicating a poor prognosis for liver transplant-free survival.Abdominal computed tomography demonstrated a narrowed intrahepatic vena cava and new thrombosis in the right and middle hepatic veins. Renal biopsy, prompted by nephritic range proteinuria, indicated mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) with immune complex deposition. The described case involves acute-on-chronic liver failure with acute insults from new onset hepatic vein thrombosis and hepatitis B reactivation, in a patient at a non-transplant center, who also had underlying antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, and MPGN. The patient was successfully treated with antiviral, anticoagulation, and antiplatelet agents, along with a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor and a direct intrahepatic portosystemic shunt, despite having a Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score of 35.

A 13-year-old boy presented with an 8-year history of repeated episodes of anemia. Laboratory investigations confirmed iron deficiency anemia due to occult blood loss from the gastrointestinal tract. Despite undergoing esophagogastroduodenoscopy, colonoscopy, and push enteroscopy, no abnormalities were detected. Subsequent computed tomography enterography also yielded normal results. However, a capsule endoscopy revealed multiple superficial ulcers in the jejunum and proximal ileum. Initially, the patient was treated for Crohn’s disease using various therapeutic approaches, all of which were unsuccessful. Further investigation led to a positive diagnosis for a rare condition known as chronic enteropathy associated with SLCO2A1 mutation (CEAS), marking the first reported case in India.

Bronchobiliary fistula is a very rare entity that presents with bilioptysis. We present a noteworthy case involving a patient with portal cavernoma cholangiopathy complicated by cholangitis and bronchobiliary fistula. The diagnosis was established through high-resolution computed tomography of the thorax and bronchoscopic evaluation. Subsequently, the patient underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with stenting of the common bile duct. Remarkably, the bronchobiliary fistula resolved 1 month after the procedure.

A 21-year-old man presented with acute onset of jaundice, abdominal pain, ascites, and hepatomegaly, along with a history of Budd-Chiari syndrome previously treated with vena cava angioplasty. Investigations revealed rapidly worsening jaundice, coagulopathy, elevated creatinine levels, reactive hepatitis B serology, and positive antiphospholipid antibodies, with scores indicating a poor prognosis for liver transplant-free survival.Abdominal computed tomography demonstrated a narrowed intrahepatic vena cava and new thrombosis in the right and middle hepatic veins. Renal biopsy, prompted by nephritic range proteinuria, indicated mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) with immune complex deposition. The described case involves acute-on-chronic liver failure with acute insults from new onset hepatic vein thrombosis and hepatitis B reactivation, in a patient at a non-transplant center, who also had underlying antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, and MPGN. The patient was successfully treated with antiviral, anticoagulation, and antiplatelet agents, along with a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor and a direct intrahepatic portosystemic shunt, despite having a Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score of 35.

Video endoscopy is an important modality for the diagnosis and treatment of various gastrointestinal diseases. Most endoscopic procedures are performed as outpatient basis, sometimes requiring sedation and deeper levels of anesthesia. Moreover, advances in endoscopic techniques have allowed invasion into the third space and the performance of technically difficult procedures that require the utmost precision. Hence, formulating strategies for the discharge of patients requiring endoscopy is clinically and legally challenging. In this review, we have discussed the various criteria and scores for the discharge of patients who have undergone endoscopic procedures with and without anesthesia.