In the past 6 years, significant breakthroughs have been achieved in the treatment of heart failure (HF), especially in drug therapy. The classification of chronic HF and the treatment methods for HF and its complications are also constantly being updated. In order to apply these results to the diagnosis and treatment of patients with HF in China and further improve the level of diagnosis and treatment of HF in China, the HF Group of Chinese Society of Cardiology, Chinese Medical Association, Chinese College of Cardiovascular Physician, Chinese HF Association of Chinese Medical Doctor Association, and Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Cardiology have organized an expert group and update the consensus and evidence-based treatment methods in the field of HF based on the latest clinical research findings at home and abroad, combined with the national conditions and clinical practice in China, and referring to the latest foreign HF guidelines while maintaining the basic framework of the 2018 Chinese Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of HF.

Heatstroke, a life-threatening illness, poses a significant risk to human health, particularly in high-temperature and high-humidity environments. Timely and effective on-site management is critical for improving patient survival and prognosis. Rapid recognition, rapid assessment, and rapid cooling are the cornerstones of pre-hospital care. However, the absence of a standardized protocol for pre-hospital management of heatstroke has impeded the efficacy of treatment. This consensus, initiated by the Expert Group on Heatstroke Prevention of the People's Liberation Army, signifies a collaborative endeavor involving emergency medical personnel, nurses, and administrators from pre-hospital care, emergency departments, and intensive care units in both military and civilian domains. By systematically reviewing evidence-based medicine and clinical expertise in heatstroke prevention, on-site and in-transit care, as well as early treatment in emergency settings, the group has formulated the Expert consensus on pre-hospital emergency management of heatstroke (2024) after extensive discussions and iterative recommendations, which serve as a scientific and standardized framework for pre-hospital heatstroke emergency care. The consensus underscores the pivotal role of enhancing public awareness regarding heatstroke prevention and augmenting the rates of rapid recognition and rapid cooling for effective on-site heatstroke management. In high-risk industries, regions, or seasons for heatstroke, developing scientifically sound plans and conducting practical training can provide effective safety measures. Emergency personnel should undergo specialized training and assessments in knowledge and skills, ambulances should be equipped with effective cooling devices, and hospitals must maintain comprehensive emergency response capabilities. It is recommended to establish a regional heatstroke treatment network to optimize the allocation of emergency resources and streamline processes, thereby improving treatment outcomes and response times.
Heat Stroke/prevention & control* ; Humans ; Emergency Medical Services ; Consensus

In order to provide clinical guidance for standardizing interventional whole-process nursing management and for reducing perioperative complications,this"Expert Consensus on Technical Specifications for Interventional Nursing of Peripheral Vascular Diseases"(hereinafter referred to as the"Consensus")is formulated.Guided by the forefront of specialty development,this"Consensus"systematically searches the relevant literature of domestic and foreign interventional diagnosis and treatment,focusing on the operation steps of interventional diagnosis and treatment technology of peripheral vascular diseases,and,based on evidence-based and clinical practice,this"Consensus"extracts and integrates 6 specialized nursing technologies to form the first draft.Forty-eight experts engaged in the field of vascular intervention nursing care are invited for two rounds of consultations.Based on expert suggestions the"Consensus"has been modified and improved,and the final version is written.The"Consensus"covers six key nursing techniques,each including preoperative assessment and preparation,procedural steps,precautions,health education,prevention and management of common complications,and outcome evaluation.The"Consensus"is characterized by its scientific and practical nature,making it a valuable reference for perioperative clinical nursing practice in interventional diagnosis and treatment of peripheral vascular diseases.(J Intervent Radiol,2024,33:581-592)

Chronic pelvic pain caused by pelvic venous disorder(PeVD)is a common condition in women.However,clinical physicians'cognition of this disease is not yet comprehensive,so PeVD is easy to be misdiagnosed,thus affecting its treatment.With the development of interventional radiology,the venography and sclerotic agent embolization therapy have gradually become the standard mode for the diagnosis and treatment of this disorder.This consensus focuses on the following aspects:selection of indications,selection of technical methods,intraoperative manipulation,treatment of corresponding complications,gathering the views of domestic multidisciplinary experts engaged in interventional radiology,vascular surgery and medical imaging,clinical management methods,systematical elaboration of the classification and diagnosis of PeVD,and experience in sclerotic agent embolization therapy,aiming to improve the clinical physicians'cognition of PeVD and to promote the standardization of its clinical treatment.

Providing adequate and balanced nutrition for preterm infants,especially extremely/very preterm infants,is the material basis for promoting their normal growth and development and improving long-term prognosis.Enteral nutrition is the best way to feed preterm infants.Previous systematic reviews have shown that using evidence-based standardized feeding management strategies can effectively promote the establishment of full enteral feeding,reduce the duration of parenteral nutrition,improve the nutritional outcomes of preterm infants,and not increase the risk of necrotizing enterocolitis or death.Based on relevant research in China and overseas,the consensus working group has developed 20 recommendations in 5 aspects including the goal of enteral nutrition,transitioning to enteral nutrition,stable growth period enteral nutrition,supplementation of special nutrients,and monitoring of enteral nutrition for preterm infants,using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment,Development and Evaluation.The aim is to provide recommendations for healthcare professionals involved in the management of enteral nutrition for preterm infants,in order to improve the clinical outcomes of preterm infants.

Establishing enteral nutrition after the birth of preterm infants presents numerous challenges,particularly for those in special situations.Various disease factors and medical interventions impede the establishment of enteral feeding,leading to conflicts and controversies regarding feeding goals,feeding methods,and the challenges and solutions faced by these infants.A critical issue for clinical physicians is how to safely and promptly establish enteral nutrition to achieve full enteral feeding as quickly as possible.The consensus formulation working group,based on both domestic and overseas research,adopted the Grading of Recommendations Assessment,Development and Evaluation,and formed an expert consensus on enteral nutrition management for preterm infants in special situations.This consensus provides 14 recommendations for 9 common special situations,aiming to offer guidance on enteral nutrition management for preterm infants to improve their short and long-term outcomes.

Chronic hepatitis B(CHB)is still a major public health issue in China,and without effective control,it can further progress to liver cirrhosis and liver cancer,bringing huge social and economic burdens.At present,antiviral therapy is the main treatment method for CHB,and integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine therapy is the characteristic treatment method for CHB in China and can improve clinical efficacy by complementing each other's advantages.In order to promote the concept integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine collaborative diagnosis and treatment,facilitate the development of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine diagnosis and treatment techniques for CHB,and establish standardized disease diagnosis and treatment regimens,Expert Committee on Hepatology in Doctor Society of Integrative Medicine,Chinese Medical Doctor Association,established a consensus expert group to discuss and formulate Expert consensus on integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine diagnosis and treatment of chronic hepatitis B,which elaborated on the concept of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine collaborative diagnosis and treatment from the four aspects of CHB epidemiology,pathogenesis and etiology,integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine diagnosis and syndrome differentiation,and integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine therapy and proposed related recommendations,in order to improve the prognosis and quality of life of CHB patients.

Autoimmune pancreatitis(AIP)is an immune-mediated,special type of chronic pancreatitis,which can involve multiple organs.The clinical manifestation of AIP is complex and varied,making the diagnosis and treatment challenging.With reference to the latest guidelines and studies from both domestic and international sources,this guideline comprises 20 recommendations regarding the diagnosis,treatment,follow-up,and prognosis of AIP.The aim of this guideline is to promote the care capability and improve the outcome of patients with AIP in China.

The 2019 Chinese practice guideline for the prevention and treatment of mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus developed by Chinese Society of Infectious Diseases,Chinese Medical Association,has shown a good guiding effect in standardizing the process for blocking the mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus in China.Clinical practice guidelines and consensus statements require timely updates based on new research evidence,in order to better guide clinical practice and research.Chinese Physician Association for Infectious Diseases,Chinese Medical Doctor Association,and Chinese Society of Infectious Diseases,Chinese Medical Association,cooperated with multidisciplinary experts and performed updates and supplementations to the above guideline,in order to provide guidance and a reference for clinical physicians and medical staff engaged in maternal and child health care.

Primary biliary cholangitis(PBC)is a chronic autoimmune liver disease.In recent years,related studies in China and globally have provided some evidence-based medical evidence for the integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine treatment of PBC.Based on the latest diagnosis and treatment experience and guidelines in China and globally,Expert Committee on Hepatology,Doctor Society of Integrative Medicine,Chinese Medical Doctor Association,organized related experts in China to formulate this consensus,in order to provide guidance and reference for clinicians in the diagnosis,TCM syndrome differentiation,and integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine treatment of PBC.