Purpose: To visually impress upon school students that medicine should be taken with a full glass of cool or lukewarm water as part of medical education on pharmaceuticals, we conducted an experiment in which pharmaceutical drugs were added to juice and the foaming behavior was observed.　However, the degree of foaming differed depending on the type of juice and medicine, and consistent experimental results could not be obtained. Therefore, a basic study was conducted to elucidate the selection criteria for juices and medicines suitable for this experiment. Method: 3.0 grams of reagent-grade sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) was added to about 100 mL of various types of juice, and the height of the foam was measured promptly with a ruler for comparison. In addition, we added one packet of different medicines containing NaHCO3 to grapefruit juice (GFJ), and measured the foam height for comparison. Furthermore, we conducted experiments to test 3.0-5.0 grams of food-grade NaHCO3. We also examined their convenience, cost, and portability. Results and Discussion: The study suggested that 100% GFJ may lead to significant foaming, and this foaming volume seems to be influenced by the number of moles of acidic groups in the juice neutralized by NaOH. Higher NaHCO3 in one packet content produced a greater amount of foam. A large amount of food-grade NaHCO3 also increased the amount of foaming. These results led to the creation of our experiment protocol. We believe that it is possible to implement effective medical education utilizing this protocol.

Introduction: Recently, doping among athletes has been on the rise, and pharmacists have an important role in both the promotion of anti-doping (AD) and in providing accurate information and effective support. In this study, we examined various fact-finding surveys that targeted physical education university (PEU) students, and we focused on their use of pharmacies/drugstores, their involvement with pharmacists, and knowledge about AD. We also examined the necessary AD-related professional competencies of pharmacists. Method: Questionnaire surveys were prepared, and the responses of 1,249 students were analyzed. Results : From a survey on what students buy at pharmacies/drug stores it showed that medicines for flu common colds sell the most. Most of the students did not receive any drug consultations at pharmacies/drug stores before purchasing, because they preferred to make their own decisions about drug use. Also, many students were wary of doping with supplements. Although the students who participated in international sports competitions and events possessed a wealth of doping-related knowledge and awareness, PEU students lacked them. Discussion : We determined that it was necessary to gather relevant patient information and explore methods so that intentions could be discussed when purchasing medications from pharmacies/drug stores. We also recognized the need for early doping education programs in light of the inadequate AD-related knowledge and awareness among university student-athletes. Therefore, all pharmacists should strive to acquire a wide range of knowledge to support athletes in this effort. Furthermore, we believe that expanding the professional functions of pharmacists would increase the awareness of AD among athletes.