BACKGROUND

Dementia is a progressive syndrome that leads to cognitive and functional decline among older adults, yet it remains widely misunderstood and often perceived as a normal part of aging. In the Philippines, cultural idioms and limited awareness contribute to stigma, delayed diagnosis, and inadequate care. This study explored how older adults in Cebu City perceive dementia, examining how cultural beliefs shape their understanding, and how openness to learning emerges when the condition is explained in clearer, culturally resonant terms.

METHOD

A multiple qualitative case study design was employed involving five older adults aged 60 and above. In-depth interviews were conducted and analyzed using qualitative content analysis supported by NVivo software. Trustworthiness was ensured through Lincoln and Guba's criteria of credibility, dependability, transferability, and confirmability.

RESULTS

Three overarching themes with corresponding subthemes were identified: (1) Unraveling the Cognitive Puzzle: fragmented knowledge, experiential learning, and cultural framings that normalize dementia; (2) The Myths of Aging: beliefs that aging equates to inevitable decline, reinforced by cultural idioms, and blurred boundaries between normal aging and disease; and (3) Discovering Hope in Aging: transformation from fatalism to awareness, readiness for education, and empowerment through understanding. Together, these themes trace a trajectory from confusion to fatalism to hope.

CONCLUSION

Older adults' perceptions of dementia are shaped by cultural narratives yet remain open to transformation through culturally sensitive education.

IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE

Nurses can lead community-based dementia education, screening, and caregiver support, reframing cultural beliefs into opportunities for early recognition and proactive engagement toward dementia-friendly communities.

Human ; Adult ; Cebus ; Dementia ; Philippines

INTRODUCTION

The aging process can be different for those who have been incarcerated, including issues related to physical health, mental health, and social dynamics. Much of the existing research on incarceration tends to focused on younger or middle-aged populations. The unique experiences, needs, and challenges faced by older adults who are incarcerated often received less attention and can be better explored qualitatively. This study could address the gap in how existing policies and reforms consider the specific needs of older incarcerated individuals. By addressing these gaps, the study aimed to explore the lived experiences of incarcerated older adults in Cebu Province and contribute to a more complete and empathetic understanding of incarceration from the perspective of older individuals, ultimately supporting more informed and compassionate approaches to criminal justice and prison reform.

METHODS

The study employed Husserl's qualitative phenomenological design. There were a total of 9 key informants interviewed from various jails in Cebu Province. An open ended interview guide was used in audio recorded interviews which were transcribed and analyzed using the steps of Colaizzi's method.

RESULTS

The emerging themes were (1) Adversities Behind Bars with the following subthemes, (a) Psychosocial Concerns, (b) Health Problems, and (c) Issues on Basic Needs: Food and Sleep. The second theme was (2) Significance of Supporting Factors with the following subthemes, (a) The Importance of Health and Wellness in Health Promotion and Management and (b) How Meaningful Social Relations and Visitations are. The last theme was (3) Rebound from Hardships with the following subthemes, (a) Blending in, (b) Renewed Faith, and (c) Positive Outlook.

CONCLUSION

Prison life challenged the mental, social, and physical health of Older PDL's including meeting some basic needs. The jail system addressed health and medical concerns depending on availability and managed visitations, social, and spiritual programs. Older PDL's adapt to life in jail and develop a positive outlook. Overall health should be prioritized, especially mental health. Regular inventory of medical and healthcare stocks for earlier procurement of supplies. Visitations, social, and spiritual programs should be continued and monitored. Nurses inside the jail were tasked to take care of the entire community without any special considerations on older PDL's. Jails should strengthen their healthcare system and give importance to the special needs of older PDL's such as but not limited to: 1. Comprehensive Health Assessments; 2. Specialized Medical Care; 3. Enhanced Medical Facilities and Resources; 4. Mental Health Support; 5. Training and Education; 6. Nutrition and Exercise; 7. Accessibility and Adaptations; 8. Collaboration with External Healthcare Providers; 9. Legal and Ethical Considerations. By implementing these strategies, jails could better address the complex and diverse needs of older persons deprived of liberty, promoting their health, well-being, and dignity.

Human