PURPOSE: Traffic accidents are one of the major health problems in the world, being the first cause of burden of illness and the second leading cause of death in Iran. The Sistan-Baluchestan province is one of the most accidental provinces of Iran with the highest rate of accidents-caused deaths. This study was conducted to determine the risk factors associated with traffic accidents in Zahedan through 2013 to 2016. METHODS: This analytical cross-sectional study was carried out on 223 drivers from Zahedan who were traumatized by traffic accident and sent to Zahedan hospitals. The data were obtained through interviews taken by the trained interviewers via refereeing to the medical records and collected in the researcher-made checklist. Census was obtained from the study subjects. For data analysis, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Chi-square and logistic regression were used with the Stata software version 11.0. RESULTS: In this study, 223 male subjects with the mean age of (32.54 ± 12.95) years, 39.8% single and 60.2% married, entered for investigation. Most accidents (38.8%) occurred between 12:00 to 17:59. While driving, 47.1% of the study subjects were using cell phones, 89.1% had manual use of mobile phones, 21.9% had a habit of sending short message service (SMS) and 23.4% had sent SMS within 10 min before the accident. The one way analysis of variance showed that the mean age of individuals with marital status, driving experience, education and accident with motorcycle were significantly different (p < 0.05). Also, the multivariate logistic regression test indicated a significant relationship of smoking, ethnicity, insurance and SMS typing while driving with motorcycle accident (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION In this study, SMS and smoking while driving had the highest risk among the variables studied in the motorcycle accidents. Therefore, effective education attempting to enhance people's awareness about the consequences of using cell phone and smoking during driving to reduce traffic accidents seems necessary.
Accidents, Traffic/statistics & numerical data* ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Automobile Driving ; Cause of Death ; Cell Phone Use/adverse effects* ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Health Education ; Humans ; Iran/epidemiology* ; Male ; Marital Status ; Middle Aged ; Risk ; Smoking/adverse effects* ; Young Adult

BACKGROUND: The solitary death rate in Japan is expected to continue increasing because of its growing super-aged society and the rapid growth of home care in the country. To accurately determine the actual status of solitary deaths, we used a novel analysis method of combining vital statistics and ambulatory care information in Yokohama City. METHODS: Data of persons who died at home in 2013 were obtained from death certificate notifications. We also obtained the emergency transportation records that matched the cases of these death certificate notifications. Then, we gathered information regarding age, gender, marital status, and cause of death for the matched cases. RESULTS: There were 1890 "suspected unnatural deaths," in which most solitary deaths could be included, among all citizens who died at home (n = 4847). We were able to match 1503 of these cases with emergency transportation records. These 1503 cases were divided into two groups, "solitary death" (n = 349) and "un-solitary death" (n = 1154) according to the postmortem interval until finding (PMI-f). Pearson's χ tests conducted for the two groups revealed that there were significant differences regarding the proportion of persons who were elderly, unmarried, male, and had a hepatic disease and senility. A logistic regression analysis also showed that an increased likelihood of a prolonged PMI-f was associated with males and an unmarried status with hepatic diseases. CONCLUSIONS Unmarried, male sex, and liver diseases are independent risks for solitary death in Yokohama City.
Age Distribution ; Cause of Death ; Death ; Death Certificates ; Diagnosis ; Emergency Medical Dispatch ; statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Humans ; Japan ; epidemiology ; Male ; Marital Status ; Mortality ; trends ; Risk Factors ; Sex Distribution

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to analyze correlations between depression, cognitive function, oral health state, ability to perform activities of daily living, oral dryness symptoms, and oral health-related quality of life, and determine factors influencing the latter.METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study based on questionnaires completed by 260 participants with suspected dementia, residing in South Korea. Psychiatrists, psychiatric nurses, and dental hygienists visited clinics in the participating regions for examination and questionnaire administration. General characteristics, the geriatric depression scale, ability to perform activities of daily living, cognitive function, oral health state, and oral health-related quality of life were analyzed. Independent t-tests, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were conducted, identifying factors affecting oral health-related quality of life. Data analysis was performed using SPSS ver. 20.0 (IBM Corp., USA), and the significance was set at p<0.05.RESULTS: Approximately 65.0% of participants were female, 63.5% were in their 70s, and 90.0% had health insurance. About 21.5%, 42.0%, and 36.5% were normal, slightly impaired, and had dementia, respectively. High cognitive impairment was associated with poor oral health. Sex, education levels, marital status, and living arrangements influenced oral health-related quality of life. According to the regression analysis, geriatric depression and oral dryness affected the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index scores.CONCLUSION: In conclusion, oral dryness and depression levels among elders influenced oral health-related quality of life. The results showed that to enhance elders' oral health-related quality of life, it is essential to not only improve their oral health state, but also relieve oral health problems, especially oral dryness, and take into consideration their psychological aspects.
Activities of Daily Living ; Aged ; Cognition ; Cognition Disorders ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Dementia ; Dental Hygienists ; Depression ; Education ; Female ; Humans ; Insurance, Health ; Korea ; Marital Status ; Oral Health ; Psychiatry ; Quality of Life ; Residence Characteristics ; Statistics as Topic

PURPOSE: In this descriptive correlation study, an investigation was done of the effects of interpersonal problems and character of nurses on the quality of nursing service. METHODS: The participants were 154 clinical nurses working in hospitals located in C province and D city. Data were collected from February 1 to May 31, 2018. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, and hierarchical regression. RESULTS: Interpersonal problems correlated negatively with character and quality of nursing service. Character was positively correlated with quality of nursing service. Participants' age, marital status, education level, position, interpersonal problems and character explained 52.0% of variance in quality of nursing service. CONCLUSION: The findings indicate that interpersonal problems and character are important factors to be considered in working to improve nursing service quality. Therefore, systematic programs to reduce interpersonal problems and enhance nurses' character level should be developed.
Education ; Interpersonal Relations ; Marital Status ; Nursing Services ; Nursing ; Statistics as Topic

PURPOSE: This descriptive study investigated the effects of authentic leadership and coworker support on psychological well-being of staff nurses. METHODS: The participants were 166 staff nurse working in university hospital located in D city. Data were collected from July 1 2017 to 31, 2017. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and hierarchical regression. RESULTS: The regression model that included demographics and coworker support explained about 40.0% of psychological well-being. Marital status, nurse satisfaction, turnover experience, and coworker support were the predictors of psychological well-being in staff nurses. CONCLUSION: Coworker support was an important predictor of the psychological well-being of staff nurse. Therefore, strategics to improve coworker support are needed to increase psychological well-being in the clinical field.
Demography ; Leadership ; Marital Status ; Statistics as Topic

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to identify the effects of the elderly's health statuses, health behavior, and social relations on their health-related quality of life (HRQoL) according to their family types. METHODS: The subjects of this study were 1000 elderly persons (298 living alone, 420 living with their spouses, and 282 living with their family)living in C city in Gangwon Province. Data were collected through structured questionnaires from July 20 to September 30, 2015. The SPSS/WIN program was used for data analysis. RESULTS: The HRQoL of the elderly living alone was much lower than the other groups. The most influential factors on the HRQoL include self-rated health and depressive symptoms in all three groups. Social activities and skipping meals were associated with the HRQoL of the elderly living alone and living with their spouses, while marital status, number of chronic disease, and instrumental activities of daily living were associated with the HRQoL of the elderly living with their family. CONCLUSION: Nurses should take into account family types when designing interventions for improving the HRQoL of the elderly.
Activities of Daily Living ; Aged ; Chronic Disease ; Depression ; Gangwon-do ; Health Behavior ; Humans ; Marital Status ; Meals ; Quality of Life ; Spouses ; Statistics as Topic

PURPOSE: The purposes of this study were to investigate daycare teachers'knowledge, anxiety and management of childhood fever and to identify factors affecting their management of childhood fever. METHODS: A descriptive correlation study was conducted. Participants were 109 daycare center teachers from G metropolitan city. A self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. RESULTS: The mean percent of correct answers for knowledge about childhood fever was 42.9%. Levels of anxiety related to children's fever were high among day care teachers in this study. Many daycare center teachers used management practices which were not recommended for childhood fever management. There was a statistically significant difference in participants' knowledge about childhood fever by marital status and having a child. Moreover, there were statistically significant positive correlation between daycare center teachers' knowledge and management and negative correlation between daycare center teachers' anxiety and management of childhood fever. Knowledge and anxiety related to childhood fever accounted for 15.2% of variance for fever management. CONCLUSION: Results show that day care teachers' knowledge and anxiety related to fever are important factors in predicting their fever management. Development and evaluation of educational interventions to improve daycare teachers' childhood fever management are recommended.
Anxiety ; Child ; Child Day Care Centers ; Data Collection ; Day Care, Medical ; Evidence-Based Practice ; Fever* ; Humans ; Marital Status ; Statistics as Topic

INTRODUCTIONCurrently very little is known about the prevalence or magnitude of caregiver dependence in Singapore and thus, there is a need to fill this gap in this multiethnic ageing population. This study aims to determine the prevalence and risk factors of caregiver dependence among older adults in Singapore.

MATERIALS AND METHODSData were used from the Well-being of the Singapore Elderly (WiSE) study, a nationally representative, cross-sectional survey among Singapore residents aged 60 years and above. Caregiver dependence was ascertained by asking the informant (the person who knows the older person best) a series of open-ended questions about the older person's care needs.

RESULTSThe older adult sample comprised 57.1% females and the majority were aged 60 to 74 years (74.8%), while 19.5% were 75 to 84 years, and 5.7% were 85 years and above. The prevalence of caregiver dependence was 17.2% among older adults. Significant sociodemographic risk factors of caregiver dependence included older age (75 to 84 years, and 85 years and above,<0.001), Malay and Indian ethnicity (<0.001), those who have never been married (= 0.048) or have no education (= 0.035), as well as being homemakers or retired (<0.001). After adjusting for sociodemographic variables and all health conditions in multiple logistic regression analyses, dementia (<0.001), depression (= 0.011), stroke (= 0.002), eyesight problems (= 0.003), persistent cough (= 0.016), paralysis (<0.001), asthma (= 0.016) and cancer (= 0.026) were significantly associated with caregiver dependence.

CONCLUSIONVarious sociodemographic and health-related conditions were significantly associated with caregiver dependence. Dependent older adults will put greater demands on health and social services, resulting in greater healthcare expenditures. Hence, effective planning, services and support are crucial to meet the needs of dependent older adults and their caregivers.

Activities of Daily Living ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Asthma ; epidemiology ; Caregivers ; Cough ; epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Dementia ; epidemiology ; Depression ; epidemiology ; Educational Status ; Ethnic Groups ; Female ; Humans ; India ; Logistic Models ; Malaysia ; Male ; Marital Status ; Middle Aged ; Multivariate Analysis ; Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; Occupations ; statistics & numerical data ; Paralysis ; epidemiology ; Prevalence ; Retirement ; statistics & numerical data ; Risk Factors ; Singapore ; epidemiology ; Stroke ; epidemiology ; Vision Disorders ; epidemiology

INTRODUCTIONGiven that past research on drinking problems has focused primarily on younger samples, the present study sought to examine the prevalence and correlates of alcohol use among the elderly in Singapore.

MATERIALS AND METHODSData were extracted from the Well-being of the Singapore Elderly (WiSE) study, a cross-sectional, epidemiological survey conducted among a nationally representative sample of Singapore residents (n = 2565) aged 60 years and above. Variables assessed include drinking problems, depression and anxiety symptoms, obesity, smoking status, chronic physical disorders and disability.

RESULTSThe weighted prevalence of drinking problems (CAGE score ≥2) in our sample was 4.2%. Male sex, Indian ethnicity, and being divorced or separated were associated with a significantly higher likelihood of drinking problems. Participants with drinking problems were also more likely to have subthreshold depression. There were no significant differences in disability among those with drinking problems, those without drinking problems and non-drinkers, after adjusting for demographic variables.

CONCLUSIONOur findings contribute to the body of research that indicates an association between drinking problems and depressive symptoms among the elderly. Thus, screening for depressive symptoms in the elderly with drinking problems may be useful in identifying such comorbidities in order to aid treatment planning.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Alcohol-Related Disorders ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; psychology ; Alcoholism ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; psychology ; Anxiety ; epidemiology ; psychology ; Chronic Disease ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Depression ; epidemiology ; psychology ; Divorce ; statistics & numerical data ; Ethnic Groups ; Female ; Humans ; India ; Male ; Marital Status ; Mass Screening ; Middle Aged ; Obesity ; epidemiology ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Sex Factors ; Singapore ; epidemiology ; Smoking ; epidemiology ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Adult ; Age Factors ; Burnout, Professional ; epidemiology ; Female ; Health Status ; Humans ; Male ; Marital Status ; Mental Health ; Occupational Health ; Orthopedic Surgeons ; statistics & numerical data ; Pain ; epidemiology ; Personnel Staffing and Scheduling ; Sex Factors ; Singapore ; epidemiology ; Social Behavior ; Stress, Psychological ; epidemiology ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Work Schedule Tolerance