INTRODUCTION: Malnutrition is a state of deficiency of the proper micro and macronutrients to meet daily nutritional requirement. Hospital malnutrition is associated with higher infection, impaired wound healing, and increased morbidity and mortality, especially in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

OBJECTIVES: To determine the comprehensive baseline nutrition status of hospitalized patients and the prevalence of malnutrition in patients with T2DM in Makati Medical Center (MMC).

METHODS: A prospective cross-sectional study involving T2DM patients admitted at MMC from October to December 2014. Malnutrition risk and status were assessed with Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) and clinical parameters.

RESULTS: A total of 150 adults with T2DM were assessed with the Comprehensive Nutrition Assessment Form (CNAF) using SGA, Nutritional risk level showed 37% has moderate risk while 63% has high risk for malnutrition. Nutritional status showed that 55% has mild to moderate malnutrition and 45% of patients have severe malnutrition. Factors significantly associated with high nutritional risk for malnutrition were SGA C (P<0.001), abnormal BMIunderweight and obese class2 (P<0.001), lower albumin (P=0.005) and lower total lymphocyte count (P<0.001). Factors associated to nutritional status were: weight change (P=0.004), functional capacity (P=0.017), disease and nutritional requirements (P<0.001), and presence of edema or ascites (P=0.012).

CONCLUSION: Malnutrition is highly prevalent in the acute hospital setting, 37% has moderate risk while 63% has high risk for malnutrition. While 55% has mild to moderate malnutrition and 45% of patients has severe malnutrition. Significant factors associated with malnutrition were SGA C, abnormal BMI, low albumin and low total lymphocyte count. Factors associated with severity of malnutrition were weight change, functional capacity, disease and nutritional requirements and presence of edema or ascites.

Human ; Male ; Female ; Aged ; Middle Aged ; Adult ; Nutrition Assessment ; Nutritional Status ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Ascites ; Body Weight ; Obesity ; Edema ; Wound Healing

BACKGROUND: Total sialic acid determination has been show as an inflammatory marker for type 2 diabetes. No Local study has been done characterize the levels of TSA in gestational diabetes.

OBJECTIVES: To determine inflammatory markers predictive of gestational diabetes; to be able to describe the clinical profile of subjects enrolled in this study and determine the odds ratio for each inflammatory marker

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY: Sixty two pregnant patients in their first trimester were included in this study. Inflammatory markers wre measured at 12 weeks and repeated at 24-28 weeks AOG together with screening glucose tets include random sugar at 12 weeks and 75-gram oral glucose tolerance test at 24-28 weeks. Factors independently associated with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM) were determined using logistic regression stepwise model technique.

RESULTS: Of the 62 pregnant patients in their first trimester enrolled in study, five were diagnosed to have GDM based on the American Diabetes Association criteria(ADA), four with IGT and 53 with normal glucose tolerance. At 12 weeks gestation, total sialic acid (TSA) was higher among those with IGT and GDM compared to those with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) (mean=241.5 vs 175 vs 161. p=.030). However it was higher in GDM than those with IGT and NGT at 24-28 weeks (mean= 244.8 vs 229.7 vs 177, p = .025). Deranged total sialic acid performed at 24-28 weeks showed a trend for association with gestational diabetes (RR = 3.6, 95% CI 0-4.53, p=0.96). Other factors correlated, include a higher mean age (>26) and a family history of diabetes mellitus . Factors associated with impaired glucose tolerance, include a deranged TSA at 12 weeks, deranged CRP at 24-28 weeks , a deranged ESR both at 12 and 24-28 weeks gestation and a family history of diabetes mellitus.

CONCLUSION: Deranged levels of TSA at 24-28 weeks AOG seem to be associated wuth gestational diabetes. TSA determination at this gestational age can be utilized to screen gesttional diabetes.

Total Sialic Acid ; Gestational Diabetes ; Inflammatory Markers