Objective To analyze the hotspots and development trends in the international field of apraxia of speech(AOS). Methods Relevant literature on AOS was retrieved in the Web of Science Core Collection database from January,2004 to December,2023,and was analyzed with CiteSpace 6.2 R. Results A total of 893 articles were included,with a fluctuating upward trend in publication volume.The United States and Australia exhibited significant influence in the field of AOS research.Mayo Clinic and the University of Syd-ney showed high centrality in the network,while Joseph R Duffy ranked among the top authors in terms of publi-cation volume.Over the past five years,research hotspots mainly focused on Parkinson's disease,the classifica-tion of AOS,and studies on treatment intensity. Conclusion The research interest in AOS is on the rise.Significant progress has been made in areas such as neuroimag-ing,clinical acoustic assessment and articulatory-phonetic intervention.Further exploration is needed in the path-ological mechanisms and treatment methods of AOS.

Stroke is the second leading cause of death worldwide,and oxidative stress plays a crucial role.Celastrol exhibits strong antioxidant properties in several diseases;however,whether it can affect oxidation in cerebral ischemic-reperfusion injury(CIRI)remains unclear.This study aimed to determine whether celastrol could reduce oxidative damage during CIRI and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.Here,we found that celastrol attenuated oxidative injury in CIRI by upregulating nuclear factor E2-related factor 2(Nrf2).Using alkynyl-tagged celastrol and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry,we showed that celastrol directly bound to neuronally expressed developmentally downregulated 4(Nedd4)and then released Nrf2 from Nedd4 in astrocytes.Nedd4 promoted the degradation of Nrf2 through K48-linked ubiquitination and thus contributed to astrocytic reactive oxygen species production in CIRI,which was significantly blocked by celastrol.Furthermore,by inhibiting oxidative stress and astrocyte activation,celastrol effectively rescued neurons from axon damage and apoptosis.Our study uncovered Nedd4 as a direct target of celastrol,and that celastrol exerts an antioxidative effect on as-trocytes by inhibiting the interaction between Nedd4 and Nrf2 and reducing Nrf2 degradation in CIRI.

Objective:To explore the relationship between executive functioning and community integration after a traumatic brain injury and to identify the main factors influencing community integration.Methods:A cross-sectional study of 30 traumatic brain injury survivors was conducted recording their gender, age, years of education, days in coma, living status and mobility. Their executive functioning was assessed using the Disorders of Executive Function Questionnaire (DEX) and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). Their community integration was evaluated using the Community Integration Questionnaire (CIQ). The independent correlations of demographic characteristics, life status, mobility and executive functioning with CIQ score were quantified.Results:The average total CIQ score was negatively correlated with the average WCST-RP, DEX and WCST-RPE scores, but it was positively correlated with mobility. It was also significantly correlated with life status. DEX scores and WCST-RP scores were significant independent predictors of community integration. The average CIQ family integration score was negatively correlated with days spent in a coma and significantly correlated with living status. The average CIQ social integration score was positively correlated with mobility (and negatively correlated with DEX, WCST-RP and WCST-RPE score. WCST-RP score and mobility were significant independent predictors of CIQ social integration scores. The average CIQ productive activity scores correlated negatively with the DEX, WCST-RP and WCST-RPE scores, and with the DEX and WCST-RP executive function scores. They were significant independent predictors of CIQ productive activity scores.Conclusions:Executive functioning can predict community integration, especially its social integration dimension.

Objective To explore the function and survival of islet grafts during co-transplantation with adipose mesenchymal stem cells (AMSCs) in diabetic mice .Methods After human AMSCs and islet cells were isolated ,purified and then subcutaneously co-transplanted into nude mice with diabetes mellitus . Four groups of AMSCs + islet co-transplantation , islet transplantation alone ,phosphate buffered solution (PBS) and normal control mice were designated . Islet cell activity and apoptosis/revascularization degree of islet grafts were observed by immunohistochemical double staining of insulin ,factor associated suicide (Fas) and CD31 antibody . The blood glucose and serum insulin levels of mice and the survival time of islet grafts were compared . Results The blood glucose and serum insulin levels of diabetic mice analyzed by multivariate analysis in AMSCs + islet co-transplantation group were better than those in islet transplantation alone group (P< 0 .05 ) . The mean survival time (MST ) of islet grafts was longer in AMSCs + islet co-transplantation group than that in islet transplantation alone group [(81 .33 ± 7 .58) vs .(58 .17 ± 6 .91) days] (P<0 .05) .At Day 7 post-transplantation ,insulin staining intensity of islet grafts was higher in AMSCs + islet co-transplantation group than that in islet transplantation alone group while Fas staining intensity of islet grafts was lower .And mean microvascular density (MVD) of islet grafts per square millimeter was higher in AMSCs + islet co-transplantation group than that in islet transplantation alone group [(21 .8 ± 5 .6 ) vs . (14 .6 ± 4 .1 )] ( P< 0 .05 ) .Conclusions Co-transplantation with AMSCs may improve the function of islet grafts ,prolong its survival and promote its revascularization .

Objective To investigate the influence of VEGF165 gene transfection on the revascularization and transplantation effect of islet grafts.Methods The rat islet cells were transfected with lentivirus containing VEGF165 gene (LV-VEGF165) in vitro,then transplanted to the renal capsule of inbred SD male rats with diabetes mellitus.Islet cells transfected with lentivirus marked with AcGFP1 and no VEGF165 gene were set as null vector control group (LV-AcGFP1 group),individual islet cells as blank control group.VEGF165 expression in vivo and in vitro was detected by ELISA.The islet grafts revascularization degree and islet cell activity were observed by immunohistochemical double staining of insulin and CD31 antibody.Blood glucose and insulin level of rats with diabetes mellitus and survival time of islet grafts were compared.Results The VEGF165 concentrations in the LV-VEGF165 group secreted by islet cells in vivo and in vitro were significantly higher than those in the LV-AcGFP1 group and the blank control group (P＜0.01).Mean microvascular density (MVD) of islet grafts per square millimeter in the LV-VEGF165 group was (24.3 ± 3.7),significantly greater than that in the LV-AcGFP1 group (12.4 ± 2.5) and the blank control group (12.4 ± 2.5) (P＜ 0.01).Insulin staining intensity in the LV-VEGF165 group was also higher than that in the LVAcGFP1 group and the blank control group.The blood glucose and insulin levels in rats with diabetes mellitus analyzed by multivariate analysis in the LV-VEGF165 group were controlled more effectively than those in the LV-AcGFP1 group and the blank control group (P＜0.01).The islet grafts mean survival time (MST) after transplantation in the LV-VEGF165 group was longer than that of the LVAcGFP1 group and the blank control group (P＜0).01).Conclusion The VEGF165 gene transfection to islet cells could promote the revascularization of islet grafts and improve the effect of islet transplantation.

OBJECTIVE:To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of cyclocryosurgery,intravitreal injection of conbercept combined with Ahmed glaucoma drainage valve implantation,intravitreal injection of conbercept combined with compound trabeculectomy in the treatment of neovascular glaucoma(NVG). METHODS:A total of 39 NVG patients(40 eyes)selected from Sichuan People's Hospital during Jun. 2014-Aug. 2016 were divided into group A(16 cases,16 eyes),B(13 cases,14 eyes),C (10 cases,10 eyes)according to different treatment methods. Group A received cyclocryosurgery;group B received Ahmed glaucoma drainage valve implantation after given intravitreal injection of Conbercept ophthalmic injection(0.05 mL,for consecutive 7 d);group C received compound trabeculectomy after given intravitreal injection of Conbercept ophthalmic injection (0.05 mL,for consecutive 7 d). The intraocular pressures of 3 groups were observed before and after treatment,and the rate of intraocular pressure control,visual changes and the incidence of complications were observed after treatment. The occurrence of ADR was recorded. RESULTS:Before treatment,there was no statistical significance in intraocular pressure among 3 groups(P>0.05). Seven days,one month,three months and six months after treatment,intraocular pressures of 3 groups were decreased significantly compared to before treatment;intraocular pressure of group B was significantly lower than those of group A and C;group C was significantly lower than group A,with statistical significance(P<0.05). There was no statistical significance in intraocular pressure among 3 groups three and six months after treatment(P>0.05). The rates of intraocular pressure control in 3 groups were 62.5%,85.7% and 70.0% six months after treatment. Vision of 16 eyes in group A kept stable;vision of 3 eyes in group B were improved,that of 1 eye was decreased and those of 10 eyes kept stable;vision of 1 eye in group C was improved, that of 1 eye was decreased,and those of 8 eyes kept stable;there was no statistical significance in rate of intraocular pressure or vision among 3 groups(P>0.05).The incidence of exudation of anterior chamber in group A was significantly higher than group B and C,with statistical significance(P<0.05). There was no statistical significance in the incidence of other complications(P>0.05). Two patients of group A suffered from the increase of blood pressure during the operation,and recovered to normal after symptomatic treatment. No obvious ADR was found in other patients during treatment. CONCLUSIONS:Three kinds of therapy plans can effectively reduce intraocular pressure of NVG patients,and do not influence vision with less adverse reactions. Intravitreal injection of conbercept combined with Ahmed glaucoma drainage valve implantation or compound trabeculectomy can effectively reduce intraocular pressure in short time and the fromer is better than the latter. Above 2 regimens cause low incidence of complications.

Objective To investigate the revascular and transplanted effects of islet grafts after co-transplantation with vascular endothelial cells ( ECs) in diabetic rats. Methods The rat ECs and islet cells were isolated and purified, then subcutaneously co-transplanted to the inbred SD male rats with diabetes mellitus, the group of islets transplanted alone, group of phosphate buffered solution, and group of normal rats served as control. Islet grafts revascularization degree, islet cells activity and apoptosis were observed by immunohistochemical double staining of CD31, insulin and factor associated suicide (Fas) antibody. The results of intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) and intraperitoneal insulin tolerance test (IPITT), the blood glucose and insulin levels of the rats and the survival time of the islet grafts were compared. Results The blood glucose concentrations of IPGTT and IPITT, the blood glucose and insulin levels of rats analyzed by multivariate analysis in the ECs and islets transplantation group were better than those in the islets transplantation alone group (P<0.05). The islet grafts mean survival time of the ECs and islets transplantation group was longer than that of the islets transplantation alone group (P<0.05). On the 7th day after transplantation, mean microvascular density of islet grafts per square millimeter in the ECs and islets transplantation group was 26.4 ± 6.1, significantly greater than that in the islets transplantation alone group 18.3 ± 5.7 (P<0.05). In the ECs and islets transplantation group, insulin staining intensity was higher than that in the islets transplantation alone group (P<0.05), while factor associated suicide(Fas) staining intensity was lower than that in the islets transplantation alone group ( P<0. 05 ). Conclusion Co-transplantation with ECs could promote the revascularization of islet grafts and improve the effect of islet transplantation.

Objective To analyze the adverse drug reaction of intravitreal conbercept injection for the security of conbercept injection in clinical application.Methods From 2014 to 2016,248 cases of adverse drug reaction caused by intravitreal conbercept injection were monitored by 62 medical institutions from National Center for Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring China,and analyzed in this study.Results The adverse drug reactions caused by conbercept were mainly observed in the ophthalmology system,skin system,musculoskeletal system and cardiovascular system.The adverse drug reactions mainly occurred in the early stage of injection.Among those patients,the reported treatment results were cured in 126 cases,improved in 120 cases,unchanged in 1 case,unknown in 1 case,and no anyone died.Conclusion It should give a great attention to the serious adverse reaction that caused by conbercept injection,especially for endophthalmitis,retinal detachment and vitreous hemorrhage.The incidence of serious and newly observed adverse drug reaction should be two important portions of post-marketing safety surveillance.Moreover,the quality of adverse drug reaction reports from different medical institutions needs to be improved.Their assessment and management should be enhanced.

Objective To explore the imaging appearances and the value of multi-slice CT (MSCT)with post-processing tech-niques in diagnosis and treatment of lumbar hernia (LH).Methods The imaging and clinical data of 1 6 patients with LH which were confirmed by surgery were analyzed retrospectively.Results In 1 6 patients,1 7 lesions of LH were revealed by MSCT.There were superior lumbar hernias in 13 (76.5%),inferior lumbar hernias in 3 (1 7.6%)and diffuse lumbar hernia in 1 (5.9%).Hernia ring in diameter ranged from 1.5 to 9.3 cm,and the hernia sac size ranged from 1.8 cm×2.4 cm to 1 1.3 cm× 6.2 cm.MSCT showed oval or flask shaped mass of extraperitioneal fat with or without peritoneum and visceral contents protruded through the de-fecting fascia floor into lumbar triangle.Superior lumbar hernia was bounded by the 12th rib superiorly,the erector spine muscle medially and the internal oblique muscle laterally.Inferior lumbar hernia was bounded by latissimus dorsi muscle medially,the ex-ternal oblique muscle laterally and the iliac crest inferiorly.Hernia contents included colon in 3 patients and small bowel in 2 with in-carcerated hernia with small bowel obstruction in 1,and adipose tissue and mesentery in other 12.All patients received surgery treatment,and the appropriate surgical methods were selected according to the MSCT findings.The surgical findings were consistent with MSCT results.No recurrence was found during follow-up.Conclusion LH has characteristic CT manifestations.MSCT volu-metric scanning with post-processing techniques can clearly display the type of LH,the size of abdominal wall defect,hernia contents and their complications.It is helpful for diagnosis of the LH and differentiation from other diseases,which may provide important information for clinical surgery.

Objective To evaluate the value of multi-slice CT (MSCT) and post-processing techniques in the diagnosis of sternal fractures. Methods MSCT volumetric scanning was performed in 36 patients with sternal fractures, multi-pla-nar reconstruction(MPR) and volume rendering(VR) were reconstructed at workstation, CT findings of injured sternal were analyzed comparatively with that of radiography by two experienced radiologists. Results There were sternal body fracture in 28 cases, manubrium fracture in 7 cases and xyphoid process fracture in 1 case. 24 cases were diagnosed definitely and 12 cases were missed by radiography, the diagnosis rate of radiography was 66.7%, the diagnosis rate of MSCT technology combined with post-processing of MPR, VR images was 100.0%, there was significant difference in the diagnosis rate of MSCT technology than that of radiography (字2=14.40, P<0.05). Conclusion MSCT vol-umetric scanning combined with post-processing of MPR, VR images not only can show the location and type of ster-nal fractures but also can show other associated injuries, it has an important value in diagnosis and treatment of sternal fractures and should be the modality of choice for diagnosis of sternal fractures.