[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.08.008.].

BACKGROUND:There are many problems to completely transform clinical diseases into animal models,but the ideal animal model is the premise of the mechanism research of cervical spondylosis,and it is very important to select the appropriate animal model of cervical spondylosis.OBJECTIVE:To analyze the species,sex,age,type of cervical spondylosis model and its internal molecular mechanism of animal models of cervical spondylosis in detail so as to explore how to select suitable animal models for experimental research of cervical spondylosis.METHODS:PubMed,Medline,Embase,Web of Science,WanFang,VIP,and CNKI databases were searched with Chinese and English search terms"cervical spondylosis,cervical spondylotic myelopathy,cervical spondylotic radiculopathy,cervical spondylosis of vertebral artery type,neck type cervical spondylosis,unbalanced dynamic and static forces,joint injury,neck pain,animal model."According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,the literature was screened,and finally 61 articles were included for review and analysis.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Rats are the most commonly used animals,and males seem to be more popular.It is recommended to use young adult animals.According to the characteristics of molding,cervical spondylosis models were divided into cervical spondylotic myelopath,cervical spondylotic radiculopathy,neck type cervical spondylosis,and other type cervical spondylosis.The advantages and disadvantages of various modeling methods were evaluated.Based on the studies of existing animal models,the molecular mechanism of cervical spondylosis was summarized.Therapeutic signals mediate nuclear factor-κB,phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase/protein kinase B,mitogen-activated protein kinase,and other pathways to regulate the biological processes of inflammation,apoptosis and autophagy of spinal cord,nerve root,intervertebral disc,muscle and other tissues,and ultimately delay the progression of cervical spondylosis.The quality of some studies is poor,and the clinical compatibility is not high.In the future,it is necessary to further standardize the animal model of cervical spondylosis,formulate relevant guidelines,improve the credibility of the research results,and lay a solid foundation for further human clinical trials.

Objective To investigate the effects of Tongyangxiao(TYX)lotion on the healing of infected wounds and the expression of interleukin(IL)-1β and inhibitor of nuclear factor κBα(IκBα)/p65 in rats.Methods Fifty rats were randomly assigned to the model group,potassium permanganate(PP)group,and low-,medium-,and high-dose(TYX-L,TYX-M,TYX-H)groups,with 10 rats in each group.An open infection model of full-thickness skin defects was established,and the rats in each group were treated with the corresponding medicinal solution for dressing changes once a day for a total of 14 days.The wound healing of rats was observed,and immunofluorescence,immunohistochemistry,and Western blotting were used to detect the nuclear translocation rate of p65 and the expression levels of IL-1β,p-IκBα/IκBα,and p-p65/p65 proteins in the granulation tissue.Results Compared with the model group,the wound healing rates of both the TYX-M group and the TYX-H group increased on the 7th day of treatment(P<0.05).Compared with the model group and the PP group,the wound healing rates of the TYX-L group,the TYX-M group and the TYX-H group increased on the 14th day of treatment(P<0.05).On the 7th day of treatment,the expression of IL-1β in the TYX-M group was lower than that in the PP group and the Model group(P<0.05),and the p-IκBα/IκBα ratio in the TYX-H group was lower than that in the PP group and the model group(P<0.05).The nuclear translocation rates of p65 in the TYX-L group,TYX-M group and TYX-H group were lower than those in the PP group and model group(P<0.05).On the 14th day of treatment,the p-p65/p65 ratio in the TYX-H group and the TYX-M group was lower than that in the model group(P<0.05),and the IL-1β in the TYX-L group,the TYX-M group,and the TYX-H group and p-IκBα/IκBα ratio in the TYX-H group were lower than those in the PP group and the model group(P<0.05).Conclusion The mechanism of TYX lotion in promoting the healing of infected wounds was associated with the suppression of the activation of NF-κB signaling pathway and alleviation of inflammatory responses.

Objective To investigate the effects of Tongyangxiao(TYX)lotion on the healing of infected wounds and the expression of interleukin(IL)-1β and inhibitor of nuclear factor κBα(IκBα)/p65 in rats.Methods Fifty rats were randomly assigned to the model group,potassium permanganate(PP)group,and low-,medium-,and high-dose(TYX-L,TYX-M,TYX-H)groups,with 10 rats in each group.An open infection model of full-thickness skin defects was established,and the rats in each group were treated with the corresponding medicinal solution for dressing changes once a day for a total of 14 days.The wound healing of rats was observed,and immunofluorescence,immunohistochemistry,and Western blotting were used to detect the nuclear translocation rate of p65 and the expression levels of IL-1β,p-IκBα/IκBα,and p-p65/p65 proteins in the granulation tissue.Results Compared with the model group,the wound healing rates of both the TYX-M group and the TYX-H group increased on the 7th day of treatment(P<0.05).Compared with the model group and the PP group,the wound healing rates of the TYX-L group,the TYX-M group and the TYX-H group increased on the 14th day of treatment(P<0.05).On the 7th day of treatment,the expression of IL-1β in the TYX-M group was lower than that in the PP group and the Model group(P<0.05),and the p-IκBα/IκBα ratio in the TYX-H group was lower than that in the PP group and the model group(P<0.05).The nuclear translocation rates of p65 in the TYX-L group,TYX-M group and TYX-H group were lower than those in the PP group and model group(P<0.05).On the 14th day of treatment,the p-p65/p65 ratio in the TYX-H group and the TYX-M group was lower than that in the model group(P<0.05),and the IL-1β in the TYX-L group,the TYX-M group,and the TYX-H group and p-IκBα/IκBα ratio in the TYX-H group were lower than those in the PP group and the model group(P<0.05).Conclusion The mechanism of TYX lotion in promoting the healing of infected wounds was associated with the suppression of the activation of NF-κB signaling pathway and alleviation of inflammatory responses.

BACKGROUND:There are many problems to completely transform clinical diseases into animal models,but the ideal animal model is the premise of the mechanism research of cervical spondylosis,and it is very important to select the appropriate animal model of cervical spondylosis.OBJECTIVE:To analyze the species,sex,age,type of cervical spondylosis model and its internal molecular mechanism of animal models of cervical spondylosis in detail so as to explore how to select suitable animal models for experimental research of cervical spondylosis.METHODS:PubMed,Medline,Embase,Web of Science,WanFang,VIP,and CNKI databases were searched with Chinese and English search terms"cervical spondylosis,cervical spondylotic myelopathy,cervical spondylotic radiculopathy,cervical spondylosis of vertebral artery type,neck type cervical spondylosis,unbalanced dynamic and static forces,joint injury,neck pain,animal model."According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,the literature was screened,and finally 61 articles were included for review and analysis.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Rats are the most commonly used animals,and males seem to be more popular.It is recommended to use young adult animals.According to the characteristics of molding,cervical spondylosis models were divided into cervical spondylotic myelopath,cervical spondylotic radiculopathy,neck type cervical spondylosis,and other type cervical spondylosis.The advantages and disadvantages of various modeling methods were evaluated.Based on the studies of existing animal models,the molecular mechanism of cervical spondylosis was summarized.Therapeutic signals mediate nuclear factor-κB,phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase/protein kinase B,mitogen-activated protein kinase,and other pathways to regulate the biological processes of inflammation,apoptosis and autophagy of spinal cord,nerve root,intervertebral disc,muscle and other tissues,and ultimately delay the progression of cervical spondylosis.The quality of some studies is poor,and the clinical compatibility is not high.In the future,it is necessary to further standardize the animal model of cervical spondylosis,formulate relevant guidelines,improve the credibility of the research results,and lay a solid foundation for further human clinical trials.

Objective To explore the value of shear wave elastography(SWE)in the early assessment of hepatic and renal fibrosis in patients with metabolic associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD).Methods A total of 52 MAFLD patients admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University from July 2023 to May 2024 were selected as MAFLD group,and 40 non-MAFLD patients treated during the same period were served as control group.General information,laboratory data and ultrasound data were collected and compared between two groups.The differences as well as the correlation of the indicators between two groups were compared.The value of SWE in hepatic fibrosis and renal fibrosis in MAFLD patients was assessed.Results Liver function indicators,uric acid and aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index(APRI)in MAFLD group were higher than those in control group(P＜0.01);There were no statistically significant differences between two groups in fibrosis 4 index,estimated glomerular filtration rate,serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen(P＞0.05).The brightness of the liver,liver-kidney ratio,and liver elasticity value were higher in MAFLD group than those in control group(P＜0.05);There was no significant difference in the elasticity value of the right renal cortex between two groups(P＞0.05).Liver elasticity values was positively correlated with alanine aminotransferase(ALT);The liver-kidney ratio was positively correlated with body mass index(BMI),ALT,aspartate aminotransferase,alkaline phosphatase,y-glutamyl transferase and APRI.No significant correlation was found between the right renal cortex elasticity and BMI,estimated glomerular filtration rate,serum creatinine,blood urea nitrogen,or serum uric acid.Conclusion SWE helps in early identification of liver hardness in the MAFLD patients.But the application of SWE in early renal fibrosis in the MAFLD patients needs further evaluation.

Intestinal dysbiosis and disrupted bile acid(BA)homeostasis are associated with obesity,but the precise mechanisms remain insufficiently explored.Hepatic protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 3G(PPP1R3G)plays a pivotal role in regulating glycolipid metabolism;nevertheless,its obesity-combatting potency remains unclear.In this study,a substantial reduction was observed in serum PPP1R3G levels in high-body mass index(BMI)and high-fat diet(HFD)-exposed mice,establishing a positive correlation between PPP1R3G and non-12α-hydroxylated(non-12-OH)BA content.Additionally,hepatocyte-specific overexpression of Ppp1r3g(PPP1R3G HOE)mitigated HFD-induced obesity as evidenced by reduced weight,fat mass,and an improved serum lipid profile;hepatic steatosis alleviation was confirmed by normalized liver enzymes and histology.PPP1R3G HOE considerably impacted systemic BA homeostasis,which notably increased the non-12-OH BAs ratio,particularly lithocholic acid(LCA).16S ribosomal DNA(16S rDNA)sequencing assay indicated that PPP1R3G HOE reversed HFD-induced gut dysbiosis by reducing the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and Lactobacillus population,and elevating the relative abundance of Blautia,which exhibited a positive correlation with serum LCA levels.A fecal microbiome transplantation test confirmed that the anti-obesity effect of hepatic PPP1R3G was gut microbiota-dependent.Mechanistically,PPP1R3G HOE markedly suppressed hepatic cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase(CYP7A1)and sterol-12α-hydroxylase(CYP8B1),and concurrently upregulated oxysterol 7-α hydroxylase and Takeda G protein-coupled BA receptor 5(TGR5)expression under HFD conditions.Furthermore,LCA administration significantly mitigated the HFD-induced obesity phenotype and elevated non-12-OH BA levels.These findings emphasize the significance of hepatic PPP1R3G in ameliorating diet-induced adiposity and hepatic steatosis through the gut microbiota-BA axis,which may serve as potential ther-apeutic targets for obesity-related disorders.

Critical care medicine-related treatment is an interdisciplinary and multi-professional process,often leading to secondary or concomitant mental disorders in clinical practice.Currently,there is no consensus on the pharmacological treatment of related mental illnesses in China.The Chinese Society of Psychosomatic Medicine collaborated with the Critical Care Medicine expert group to form a consensus writing expert group.After a systematic review of relevant literature,summarizing published domestic and foreign literature,and extensive discussions,the consensus was developed.The consensus elaborates on the principles and processes of the standardized use of psychotropic drugs in critical care medicine,as well as the clinical indications,precautions,and specific drug selection of various psychiatric medications,providing feasible suggestions and guidance for the clinical application of psychiatric medications in the intensive care unit.

Objective To analyse the risk factors for postoperative infection in traumatic tibial plateau fractures and to construct a Nomogram prediction model.Methods One hundred and forty-eight patients with traumatic tibial plateau fractures who underwent surgery in our hospital from October 2019 to August 2021 were selected for the study,and were divided into an infected group(n=20)and an uninfected group(n=128)according to whether they developed infection after surgery.The general data of the two groups were compared;the predictive value of statistically significant continuous variables was analysed using the ROC experiment;the risk factors affecting postoperative infection in traumatic tibial plateau fractures were analysed using the logistic regression experiment;and the clinical efficacy of the Nomogram model was verified using internal data.Results In the comparison of general data such as age and gender between the two groups,the differences were not statistically significant(P＞0.05).Compared with the uninfected group,patients in the infected group had a higher percentage of diabetes mellitus,open fracture type,and osteofascial compartment syndrome,and longer operative time and hospital stay(P＜0.05);diabetes(yes),fracture type(open),osteofascial compartment syndrome(yes),and operative time(＞3 h)were risk factors affecting postoperative infection in traumatic tibial plateau fractures.The AUCs for operative time and hospital stay were not 0.792 and 0.651;the optimal stage values were not 3 h and 13 d(P＜0.05);the Nomogram model predicted a C-index of 0.744(0.651-0.807)for the risk of postoperative infection in traumatic tibial plateau fractures.The model predicted the risk of infection after traumatic tibial plateau fracture at a threshold of＞0.09.Conclusion Diabetes mellitus(yes),fracture type(open),osteofascial compartment syndrome(yes),and operative time(＞3 h)were risk factors affecting postoperative infection in traumatic tibial plateau fractures,and the Nomogram model constructed based on the above variables had good predictive value.

Objective To investigate the impact of type 2 inflammation markers blood eosinophils(EOS)and fractional exhaled nitric oxide(FeNO)on bronchodilator responsiveness(BDR)in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).Methods This study was conducted among 389 patients with an established diagnosis of COPD in our hospital from October,2019 to October,2023,who all underwent bronchial dilation test(BDT)of the large and small airways.Based on smoking history,blood EOS,and FeNO,these patients were divided group A(blood EOS<300/μL+FeNO<35 ppb+smoking history<20 pack-years),group B(blood EOS<300/μL+FeNO<35 ppb+smoking history≥20 pack-years),group C(blood EOS≥300/μL or FeNO≥35 ppb+smoking history≥20 pack-years),and group D(blood EOS≥300/μL or FeNO≥35 ppb+smoking history<20 pack-years)for analyzing the relationship between clinical indexes and BDR.Results BDR evaluation based on forced expiratory volume in 1 second(FEV1),forced vital capacity(FVC),and maximum mid-expiratory flow(MMEF)yielded consistent results,all showing a younger mean age,higher FeNO levels,and higher blood EOS counts and percentages in patients positive for BDT(P<0.05).The improvement value and improvement rate of FEV1 were significantly lower in group A than in group D.The improvement value and improvement rate of FEV1 as well as the improvement rate of MMEF were significantly lower in group B than in group D.In the overall patients,age and FeNO were significantly correlated with the improvement value and improvement rate of FEV1 and the improvement rate of MMEF(P<0.05).Conclusion Type 2 inflammation markers have different effects on BDR in the large and small airways of COPD patients,and their clinical significance needs further investigation.