Pulmonary sarcoidosis is an immune system disease with an unclear etiology. Guided by the yang-reinforcing method， it is believed that the fundamental pathogenesis of pulmonary sarcoidosis lies in the disharmony between water and fire and the reckless movement of the ministerial fire. The failure of the spleen and stomach to maintain warmth， leading to the production of phlegm and blood stasis， is an important pathogenesis. The invasion of external pathogenic toxins， deeply penetrating into the interior， is considered a triggering factor for the disease. The treatment focuses on supplementing the yang， consolidating the kidney， drawing fire back to its source， warming the yang， benefiting the kidney， and nourishing the spleen to generate metal. It also emphasizes unblocking the yang， transforming turbidity， and eliminating phlegm and blood stasis.

Refractory chronic cough belongs to the category of "refractory cough" in traditional Chinese medicine， and it is believed that the root cause of intractable chronic cough is wind lodging in the spleen collaterals， with poor spleen yang and deficient kidney essence as the pathologic basis of the disease， which is present throughout the disease. The method advocated is to search the spleen collaterals and eliminate latent wind， warm the spleen yang and smooth the middle jiao， cultivate the kidney essence and consolidate the root， prescribed with modified Fuzi Lizhong Decoction （附子理中汤） plus Erxian Decoction （二仙汤） as the basis. The Fuzi Lizhong Decoction can warm yang and fortify the middle， and smooth the middle jiao， and the Erxian Decoction can cultivate the kidney essence and consolidate the innate. The two prescriptions could combine with Suye （Perilla frutescens）， Jingjie （Dysphania ambrosioides）， Fangfeng （Carum carvi） and other medicinals of cleaning characteristic， or combine with Gouteng （Uncaria rhynchophylla）， Chuanshanlong （Dioscorea nipponica）， Dilong （Kummerowia striata） and other medicinals of worm or cane category， to find the wind and expel pathogen， smooth spleen collaterals.

This article is based on ZHANG Jingyue's theory of yin-yang holism to explore the etiology， pathogenesis， and treatment of acute exacerbation of rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease （RA-ILD）. It is believed that the foundation of acute exacerbation of RA-ILD lies in real yin insufficiency and yin fail to control yang； external pathogen attacking is a common cause of acute exacerbation of RA-ILD. For treatment， it is important to first suppress ministerial fire by prescribing modified Yinhuo Decoction （引火汤）； if ministerial fire submerged， focus should be on nourishing both yin and yang； if real yin deficiency is the main issue， modified Zuogui Pill （左归丸） should be used； if real yang deficiency is prominent as well， modified Yougui Pill （右归丸） can be chosen. When yin and yang balanced， the disease could be solved.

It is believed that the fundamental pathogenesis of the connective tissue diseases-associated interstitial lung disease （CTD-ILD） is kidney essence deficiency， with lung collateral obstruction throughout the disease， and environmental toxin pathogen is the important causative factors for the development of CTD-ILD. This article proposed to restore origin and alleviate bi （痹） for CTD-ILD， for which restoring origin means tonifying the lungs， spleen and kidneys to bank up the roots and consolidate the original qi， with modified Erxian Decoction （二仙汤） plus Liu Junzi Decoction （六君子汤）； alleviating bi means expelling wind and dredging collaterals， and eliminating the mass to restore the smoothness of the lung collaterals， with paired medicines of Chuanshanlong （Dioscorea nipponica）-Dilong （Kalanchoe pinnata）， Vinegar-processed Sanleng （Sparganium stoloniferum）-Vinegar-processed Ezhu （Curcuma zedoaria）， and stem-type medicines， and emphasized on removing the environmental toxin pathogens to facilitate the recovery of healthy qi.

Bronchiectasis is a refractory chronic airway disease characterized by chronic cough and phlegm production. Airway mucus hypersecretion is one of the important causative factors for acute exacerbation of bronchiectasis. Thus， reducing airway mucus secretion during the stable phase of bronchiectasis is the key to the treatment. Phlegm-dispelling therapy is commonly used in modern medicine， which， however， fails to radically reduce mucus secretion. At the moment， it is difficult and urgent to find an intervention that can improve the quality of life of patients and reduce the recurrence of disease during the stable phase of bronchiectasis. Chinese medicine shows remarkable efficacy in reducing airway mucus secretion. Nonetheless， there is a lack of research on the airway mucus hypersecretion of bronchiectasis， and no registered research outcome is available. Traditional Chinese medicine boasts a lot of experience in the treatment of phlegm. It combines clearing and tonifying methods and identifies Yin and Yang and internal organs， thus being advantageous in the treatment of airway mucus hypersecretion of bronchiectasis. Therefore， it is an important topic to improve the effectiveness of Chinese medicine on airway mucus hypersecretion of bronchiectasis by focusing on the "generation"， "transformation" and "excretion" of phlegm.

The high- and the low-molecular weight hyaluronic acids (HMW-HA and LMW-HA, respectively) showed different biological activities in inflammation. However, the role of LMW-HA in inflammatory response is controversial. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of bioactive hyaluronan (B-HA) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses in human macrophages and mice. B-HA was produced from HA treated with glycosylated recombinant human hyaluronidase PH20. Human THP-1 cells were induced to differentiate into macrophages. THP-1-derived macrophages were treated with B-HA, LPS, or B-HA + LPS. The mRNA expression and the production of inflammatory cytokines were determined using quantitative real-time PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The phosphorylation levels of proteins in the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and IRF-3 signaling pathways were measured using Western blot. The in vivo efficacy of B-HA was assessed in a mouse model of LPS-induced inflammation. Results showed that B-HA inhibited the expression of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1, and IFN-β, and enhanced the expression of the antiinflammatory cytokine IL-10 in LPS-induced inflammatory responses in THP-1-derived macrophages and in vivo. B-HA significantly suppressed the phosphorylation of the TLR4 signaling pathway proteins p65, IKKα/β, IκBα, JNK1/2, ERK1/2, p38, and IRF-3. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that the B-HA attenuated the LPS-stimulated inflammatory response by inhibiting the activation of the TLR4 signaling pathway. B-HA could be a potential anti-inflammatory drug in the treatment of inflammatory disease.
Animals ; Cytokines ; Hyaluronic Acid ; Lipopolysaccharides ; Mice ; NF-kappa B/metabolism* ; Signal Transduction ; Toll-Like Receptor 4

Objective: To understand the characteristics of injury deaths of children and adolescents aged 0 to 19 years in Kunming during 2010-2019,and to provide injury prevention and control basis. Methods: Injury mortality data in 2010-2019 were from Kunming population based mortality surveillance system. The characteristics of injury death of children and adolescents were analyzed by descriptive statistical analysis, including mortality rate, composition ratio, the annual percent change,etc. Results: Child and adolescent injury mortality was 23.18/10 5,decreasing by year(t=7.13,P<0.05). Male mortality(31.59/10 5) was higher than female(14.27/10 5)(χ2=376.24,P<0.05),the APC of male was -8.82% and -7.48% in female.The injury mortality of male was higher than that of female at all age group. The injury mortality rate of rural children and adolescents(28.65/10 5) was higher than that of urban children(12.37/10 5)(χ2=297.30,P<0.05),the APC was -8.53% in urban areas and -7.78% in rural areas.The top five causes of injury death of children and adolescents were traffic accident drowning, accidental fall, suicide and accidental mechanical suffocation, accounting for 80.88% of the total injury deaths of children and adolescents.In urban and rural areas,injury death by traffic accident, drowning and rural unintentional falls decreased significantly(t urban=3.17,3.20,t rural=5.66,3.12,4.42,P<0.05). The leading cause of death varied by different age groups. Conclusion The injury mortality rate of children and adolescents in Kunming city is on the decline. Rural children and adolescents, as vulnerable population to injury death, should receive protective strategies according to their specific characteristics of injuries and deaths in different age groups.

High-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) is a member of the high-mobility group proteins and is present in eukaryotic cells. HMGB1 is not only a nuclear protein but also a pro-inflammatory factor, and the increase in HMGB1 level in the body indicates cell destruction and inflammatory response. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major cause of chronic hepatitis B, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma in the world. In recent years, the role of HMGB1 in HBV-related liver diseases has attracted more and more attention, especially the important role of HMGB1 in the progression of liver inflammation and liver cancer. This article reviews the recent research advances in the role of HMGB1 in the development, progression, and treatment of HBV-related liver diseases.

Objective To explore the effect Tiaoli-Qixue decoction on bleeding and coagulation during perioperative period of total hip arthroplasty (THA).Methods A total of 180 THA patients who met the inclusion criteria were randomly divided into three groups with 60 cases in each group.All patients underwent routine anti-infection treatment after unilateral THA through lateral hip approach.The patients took the Tiaoli-Qixue decoction 3 days before THA in the treatment group.The patients in the Xuesaitong control group received intravenous Xuesaitong on the day of operation and rivaroxaban tablets were administered orally on the day of operation in the westem medicine control group.The continuous medication was administered until 7 days after operation in three groups.The amount of hemorrhage and drainage after operation were recorded and the total amount of dominant hemorrhage was calculated.The Degao M4 semi-automatic hemagglutination instrument was used to detect plasma D-dimer level and observe thrombosis.Harris scale was used before and after operation to calculate the excellent and good rates of Harris score.Results The total amount of dominant hemorrhage (376.67 ± 61.44 ml vs.400.08 ± 61.16 ml,413.33 ± 53.76 ml,F=5.963),intraoperative hemorrhage (165.50 ± 15.67 ml vs.174.75 ± 14.68 ml,175.42 ± 11.13 ml,F=9.452) and postoperative drainage (211.17 ± 58.12 ml vs.225.33 ± 56.93 ml,237.92 ± 54.28 ml,F=3.370) in the treatment group of traditional Chinese medicine were significanlty less than those in the Xuesaitong control group and the Western medicine control group (P＜0.01 or P＜0.05).On the 7th day after operation,there were 6 cases of thrombosis in the treatment group of traditional Chinese medicine,4 cases in the Xuesaitong control group and 4 cases in the Western medicine control group.There was no significant difference between the three groups (x2=0.667,P=0.881).Six months after operation,the excellent and good rate of that the treatment group of traditional Chinese medicine was 45.0％ (27/60),which of the the Xuesaitong control group was 11.7％ (7/60),and which of the the Western medicine control group was 13.3％ (8/60).There was significant difference among the three groups.Conclusions The Tiaoli-Qixue decoction bleeding and coagulation can reduce the amount of dominant bleeding during perioperative period in patients with THA,and effectively prevent and treat deep venous thrombosis of lower limbs after THA.