BackgroundPatients with depressive disorder often exhibit impaired decision-making functions. However， the relationship between decision-making abilities and depressive and anxiety symptoms in these patients remains unclear. ObjectiveTo explore the characteristics of decision-making behavior in patients with depressive disorder， and to analyze its relationship with clinical symptoms. MethodsA total of 48 patients diagnosed with depressive disorder according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders， fourth edition （DSM-IV） were recruited from the Department of Psychosomatic Medicine of the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University from October 2020 to May 2023. Concurrently， 52 healthy individuals matched for age and gender were recruited from Luzhou as the control group. Beck Depression Inventory （BDI） and Beck Anxiety Inventory （BAI） were used for assessment， and decision-making behavior was evaluated using Probabilistic Reversal Learning （PRL） task. Indicators assessed included the number of trials to criterion， perseverative errors， win-stay rate and lose-shift rate. Spearman correlation analysis was used to assess the correlation between BDI and BAI scores and PRL task indicators. ResultsThe depression group showed a significantly higher lose-shift rate compared with the control group （t=3.684， P<0.01）. There were no statistically significant differences between two groups in trials to criterion， perseverative errors and win-stay rate （t=0.329， 0.132， 0.609， P>0.05）. In depression group， BDI and BAI scores were positively correlated with the win-stay rate（r=0.450， 0.398， P<0.01）. ConclusionPatients with depressive disorder are more likely to change their decision-making strategies following negative outcomes. Furthermore， the severity of depressive and anxiety symptoms is associated with a greater propensity to maintain existing decisions after receiving positive feedback. ［Funded by 2019 Joint Project of Luzhou Science and Technology Bureau-Southwest Medical University （number， 2019LZXNYDJ39］

OBJECTIVE To comprehensively evaluate the quality of adverse drug reaction （ADR） reports in clinical departments or ward （hereinafter referred to as “department”） based on game theory combinatorial weighting-technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution （TOPSIS）-rank-sum ratio （RSR） method， providing a reference for the further standardization of ADR reporting. METHODS Based on relevant documents and scoring criteria， the ADR report quality evaluation standards previously developed by our team were modified. Using game theory principles， the fusion of subjective and objective weights for each indicator was determined. A game theory combinatorial weighting-TOPSIS-RSR model was developed to evaluate and categorize the quality of raw ADR reports submitted by departments to the pharmacy department at Bozhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University. RESULTS A total of 222 ADR reports from 23 departments were included. The game theory combinatorial weighting method identifies weak points in management， such as ADR symptoms and signs， the description of underlying diseases， timing of ADR， by optimizing the weightings of the indicators. The TOPSIS-RSR method calculates that the mean relative closeness of the departments was 0.401 7， indicating that the overall report quality ranged from moderate to substandard. 20095） Three departments， including neurosurgery， demonstrated medium reporting quality [estinate closeness （Ĉ）i ≥0.506]， while two departments， such as the respiratory department，were rated as unqualified （Ĉi＜0.278）. The remaining departments were all deemed qualified （0.278≤ Ĉi＜0.506）. CONCLUSIONS The developed game theory combinatorial weighting-TOPSIS-RSR method provides an effective approach for the quality evaluation of ADR reports， which not only balances subjective and objective weights but also facilitates comparisons among different departments. There is still room for improvement in the ADR report quality at the hospital.

BACKGROUND:Oleic acid can regulate inflammation and immune responses,and has the potential to repair skin wounds.Oleic acid has a short retention time at the lesion.It is prone to self oxidation and deterioration in the air,and suitable drug carriers are needed to fully exert the therapeutic effect of oleic acid. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the efficacy of oleic acid-liposome gel in the treatment of chronic burn wounds. METHODS:Oleic acid liposome solution was prepared by thin film dispersion method,and then dissolved in Poloxamer gel matrix to prepare oleic acid-liposome gel.(1)In vitro experiment:Oleic acid-liposome gel solution was prepared by adding different volumes of oleic acid-liposome gel into cell medium(volume ratio:1:3,1:9,1:27,respectively).Alma-blue reagent was used to detect the effects of different concentrations of oleic acid-liposome gel on the proliferation of human keratinocytes and human fibroblasts.Crystal violet staining was used to observe cell morphology.(2)In vivo experiment:The animal model of chronic burn wounds was established by using full-thickness burn of SD rat back skin combined with local subcutaneous injection of epirubicin.The 30 successfully modeled rats were randomly divided into five groups with six rats in each group.The wounds of oleic acid liposome gel group,oleic acid group,liposome gel group,positive control group and negative control group were applied with gauze of oleic acid liposome gel,oleic acid,liposome gel,recombinant human epidermal growth factor gel and normal saline.The dressing was changed once every other day.A total of 16 doses were administered.The wound healing was observed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)In vitro experiments:Alma-blue reagent detection and crystal violet staining showed that oleic acid liposome gel solution with volume ratio of 1:9 could promote the proliferation of human keratinocytes and human fibroblasts.(2)In vivo experiment:The wound healing time of the oleic acid liposome gel group was shorter than that of the other four groups(P＜0.01),and the wound healing rate at 4,8,12,16,and 20 days was higher than that of the other four groups(P＜0.01).After administration,hematoxylin-eosin staining showed epithelialization and healing of wounds in all five groups,and the epidermal thickness of oleic acid liposome gel group was the closest to normal skin and better than the other four groups.Immunohistochemical staining showed that the expressions of cytokeratin 10,tumor protein 63,α-smooth muscle actin,collagen I,tumor necrosis factor α,interleukin 6,malonaldehyde,and superoxide dismutase in oleic acid liposome gel group were closest to those in normal skin,and superior to those in other four groups.On days 12 and 32 of administration,the expressions of tumor necrosis factor α,interleukin 6,malondialdehyde,and superoxide dismutase in wound homogenate supernatant in oleic acid liposome gel group were closest to those in normal skin,and superior to those in other four groups.(3)The results showed that oleic acid liposome gel could promote the proliferation of keratinocytes and fibroblasts,reduce inflammation and oxidative stress injury,and promote the healing of chronic burn wounds.

Background Metacognition,the capacity to monitor and control one's cognitive processes,has been identified as a crucial component of effective decision-making and behavioral adaptation.Previous research has revealed cognitive deficits in patients with major depressive disorder(MDD),while findings about metacognitive capacities in patients with MDD have been inconsistent across studies,and the exact relationship between metacognitive capacities and clinical symptoms in MDD patients remains uncertain.Objective To examine the metacognitive capacities of adolescent hospitalized patients with MDD and to explore its relationship with depressive and anxiety symptoms,thus providing an unprecedented insight into the prevention of MDD.Methods A coherent 56 adolescent hospitalized patients with MDD in the Psychiatry Department at the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University from March 2022 to June 2023 and met the diagnostic criteria for depression as defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,fourth edition(DSM-IV)were enrolled as MDD group.At the same time,62 healthy individuals matched with the age and sex of the MDD group residing in Luzhou were concurrently selected as control group.The metacognitive ability of the two groups was evaluated by perceptual decision-making task and confidence rating task,and the indicators included confidence deviation,reaction time of confidence evaluation and metacognitive efficiency.Additionally,the severity of depressive and anxiety symptoms was measured with Beck Depression Inventory(BDI)and Beck Anxiety Inventory(BAI).Pearson correlation analysis was utilized to examine the relationship between metacognitive capacities and clinical symptoms.Results MDD group scored higher on BDI and BAI when compared with control group(t=-13.722,-9.674,P<0.01).In terms of decision-making performance,no statistically significant difference was noted in accuracy and response time between two groups(t=-0.655,0.975,P>0.05).In terms of metacognitive performance,MDD group reported a reduction in overall confidence,confidence in correct decisions,confidence in incorrect decisions and metacognitive efficiency compared with control group(t=3.044,2.769,2.836,3.667,P<0.01).MDD group demonstrated significantly longer confidence evaluation response time than that of control group(t=-2.561,P<0.05).Correlation analysis revealed that among the MDD patients,overall confidence,confidence in correct decisions and confidence in incorrect decisions were negatively correlated with BDI score(r=-0.310,-0.307,-0.298,P<0.05),and the overall confidence and confidence in correct decisions were negatively correlated with BAI score(r=-0.284,-0.280,P<0.05),while no statistical significance existed in the correlation between confidence in incorrect decisions and BAI score(r=-0.229,P>0.05).Furthermore,metacognitive efficiency in MDD patients exhibited negative correlation with both BDI and BAI scores(r=-0.269,-0.290,P<0.05).Conclusion Hospitalized adolescent patients with MDD have impaired metacognition,and metacognitive capacity is found to be associated with severity of depressive and anxiety symptoms.

Objective:To investigate the association between congenital hypothyroidism (CH) and the adverse outcomes during hospitalization in very low birth weight infants (VLBWI).Methods:This prospective, multicenter observational cohort study was conducted based on the data from the Sino-northern Neonatal Network (SNN). Data of 5 818 VLBWI with birth weight <1 500 g and gestational age between 24-<37 weeks that were admitted to the 37 neonatal intensive care units from January 1 st, 2019 to December 31 st, 2022 were collected and analyzed. Thyroid function was first screened at 7 to 10 days after birth, followed by weekly tests within the first 4 weeks, and retested at 36 weeks of corrected gestational age or before discharge. The VLBWI were assigned to the CH group or non-CH group. Chi-square test, Fisher exact probability method, Wilcoxon rank sum test, univariate and multivariate Logistic regression were used to analyze the relationship between CH and poor prognosis during hospitalization in VLBWI. Results:A total of 5 818 eligible VLBWI were enrolled, with 2 982 (51.3%) males and the gestational age of 30 (29, 31) weeks. The incidence of CH was 5.5% (319 VLBWI). Among the CH group, only 121 VLBWI (37.9%) were diagnosed at the first screening. Univariate Logistic regression analysis showed that CH was associated with increased incidence of extrauterine growth retardation (EUGR) ( OR=1.31(1.04-1.64), P<0.05) and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) of stage Ⅲ and above ( OR=1.74(1.11-2.75), P<0.05). However, multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed no significant correlation between CH and EUGR, moderate to severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia, grade Ⅲ to Ⅳ intraventricular hemorrhage, neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis in stage Ⅱ or above, and ROP in stage Ⅲ or above ( OR=1.04 (0.81-1.33), 0.79 (0.54-1.15), 1.15 (0.58-2.26), 1.43 (0.81-2.53), 1.12 (0.70-1.80), all P>0.05). Conclusion:There is no significant correlation between CH and in-hospital adverse outcomes, possibly due to timely diagnosis and active replacement therapy.

Objective To explore the mechanism of butylphthalide(NBP)in regulating microglia acti-vation and inflammatory cytokine expression in the hippocampus of the mouse model of delayed encephalopathy af-ter carbon monoxide poisoning(DEACMP).Methods Wild-type C57 adult mice with normal cognitive function were selected,and DEACMP was modeled by static inhalation of carbon monoxide.The mice were randomized in-to three groups:DEACMP,control,and NBP.The NBP group was administrated with NBP suspension at 6 mg/kg by gavage for 21 days,and the DEACMP and control groups were administrated with the same amount of vegeta-ble oil by gavage.The hippocampal injury was observed by HE staining.The protein level of ionized calcium-bind-ing adapter molecule 1(IBA1)was determined by Western blotting,and the levels of downstream inflammatory cytokines were measured by ELISA.Results Compared with the control group,the DEACMP and NBP groups showed prolonged escape latency(P=0.001,P=0.029),reduced nerve cells(P=0.001,P=0.035),up-regulated expression of IBA1(P=0.001,P=0.042),increased mean fluorescence intensity of IBA1(P=0.001,P=0.021),and elevated levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)(P=0.002,P=0.024),inter-leukin(IL)-6(P=0.001,P=0.015),and IL-1β(P=0.001,P=0.023).Compared with the DEACMP group,the NBP group showed shortened escape latency(P=0.025),increased nerve cells(P=0.039),down-regulated expression of IBA1(P=0.035),decreased average fluorescence intensity of IBA1(P=0.031),and lowered levels of TNF-α(P=0.028),IL-6(P=0.037),and IL-1 β(P=0.034).Conclusion NBP can inhibit the activation of microglia and reduce the expression of inflammatory factors,thereby alleviating cog-nitive dysfunction and brain tissue damage caused by DEACMP.

Background::Liver cancer remains the sixth most commonly diagnosed cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, causing a heavy burden globally. An updated assessment of the global epidemiology of the liver cancer burden that addresses geographical disparities is necessary to better understand and promote healthcare delivery.Methods::Data were extracted from the GLOBOCAN 2022 database, including the number, crude, and age-standardized rates of incidence and mortality at the global, country, continent, and human development index (HDI) regional levels. Age-standardized rates (incidence and mortality) per 100,000 person-years were adjusted based on the Segi-Doll World standard population. The mortality-to-incidence ratios (MIR) for each region and country were calculated. The HDI and gross national income (GNI) for 2022 were obtained, and a Pearson correlation analysis was conducted with the incidence, mortality, and MIR.Results::In 2022, approximately 866,136 new liver cancer cases and 758,725 related deaths were recorded worldwide, with a global MIR of 0.86. Males had a disproportionately higher burden than females across all levels, and the highest burden was observed in the elderly population. Geographically, the regions with the highest incidence rates included Micronesia, Eastern Asia, and Northern Africa, and the regions with the highest mortality rates included Northern Africa, Southeastern Asia, Eastern Asia, and Micronesia. Notably, Mongolia had a strikingly high burden compared to other countries. The highest MIR was observed in North America and the lowest in Africa. Negative associations of HDI and GNI with liver cancer mortality and MIR were identified, irrespective of sex.Conclusions::The current liver cancer burden underscores the presence of remarkable geographic heterogeneity, which is particularly evident across countries with varying HDI levels, highlighting the urgent need to prioritize health accessibility and availability to achieve health inequities.

Objective:To explore the suitable prostate cancer screening mode under the medical community for primary hospitals.Methods:From April 2021 to April 2022, a total of 16007 male population ≥50 years from 9 branches of the medical community of the second hospital of Yinzhou participated in this study. They were divided into four groups according to age with group 1 of 50-59 years old, group 2 of 60-69 years old, group 3 of 70-79 years old, and group 4 of 80 years old and above. Serum tPSA was added to the routine physical examination, and the screening positive patients were referred to the referral hospital for further diagnosis and treatment under the mode of medical community. We proposed multi-parametric MRI (mpMRI) for those with serum PSA ≥4 ng/ml and suspicious lesions should be scored according to PI-RADS V2. The ultrasound-guided transperineal targeted prostate biopsy was performed for those with PI-RADS ≥3 and those with PI-RADS < 3 but tPSA ≥10 ng/ml. The tPSA follow-up examinations were performed every 6 months for tPSA < 10 ng/ml and PI-RADS < 3 points and once a year for tPSA < 4 ng/ml.Results:Among the 16 007 male population ≥50 years, 2 007(12.54%) were found serum PSA ≥4 ng/ml, and 634(31.59%)were referred to the referral hospital through the medical community system. Combining tPSA and mpMRI, 271 patients underwent ultrasound-guided transperineal targeted prostate biopsy. Among them, 162 were finally diagnosed with PCa, with a biopsy positive rate of 59.78%. The detection rate of PCa in all the subjects was 1.01%. According to the pathological grade, 5(3.08%) were in ISUP group 1, 95(58.64%) in ISUP group 2-3, and 62(38.27%) in ISUP group 4-5. There were 102(62.96%), 39(24.07%) and 21(12.96%) with localized, locally advanced or metastatic PCa, respectively. The levels of tPSA in the four groups were (1.13±1.44)ng/ml, (1.77±3.45)ng/ml, (3.27±17.58)ng/ml, and (4.26±11.48)ng/ml, respectively, with statistically significant differences ( P<0.01). The positive number of biopsy in each group was 1 case(0.06%), 56 cases(0.79%), 81 cases(1.36%) and 24 cases(1.82%) respectively, with statistically significant differences ( P<0.01). The number of ISUP 4-5 grades in each group was 0, 17(30.35%), 29(35.80%), and 16(66.67%) respectively, with statistically significant differences ( P<0.01). Conclusions:Based on the medical community system, according to the tPSA screening results of the primary hospitals, it is feasible and effective to refer suspicious patients to the referral hospitals for mpMRI examination, and screen prostate cancer by ultrasound-guided transperineal prostate fusion biopsy.

Objective:To explore the risk factors for atrial fibrillation in adult patients with critically severe burns after the first surgery.Methods:This study was a retrospective case series study. From January 1, 2018 to March 31, 2023, 211 adult patients with critically severe burns were admitted to the Department of Burns of Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University & Wuhan Third Hospital and met the inclusion criteria, including 158 males and 53 females, aged 24-81 years. According to whether atrial fibrillation occurred after the first surgery, the patients were divided into postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) group (23 cases) and non-POAF group (188 cases). The following indexes of patients in POAF group were collected, including the onset time, duration, treatment method, and number of patients with more than once of atrial fibrillation after the first surgery. The following data of the two groups of patients were collected, including general data, such as gender, age, burn type, total burn area, full-thickness burn area, inhalation injury, underlying diseases, mechanical ventilation, and sepsis; electrolyte imbalance and blood index level before the first surgery; the first surgery-related information such as surgical length and surgical method; volume changes and vital signs during the first surgery, such as total volume of fluid infusion, total volume of blood transfusion, volume of blood loss, hypotension, and hypothermia; postoperative hypothermia; inflammatory index levels before the first surgery and on the first day after the first surgery, such as procalcitonin levels, white blood cell count, neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, platelet count, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet count to lymphocyte ratio (PLR); mortality within 30 days of admission. The independent risk factors for occurrence of atrial fibrillation in adult patients with critically severe burns after the first surgery were screened.Results:The onset time of atrial fibrillation of patients in POAF group was 2 (2, 4) hours after the first surgery, and the duration of atrial fibrillation was 16 (6, 26) hours. Twenty-one patients were treated with intravenous injection of amiodarone, two patients were treated with cardiac electrical cardioversion, and atrial fibrillation of all patients converted to sinus rhythm after treatment. Three patients experienced atrial fibrillation more than once. The age was 59 (42, 70) years and the total burn area was 90% (70%, 94%) total body surface area (TBSA) in patients in POAF group, which were significantly higher than 48 (38, 56) years and 70% (60%, 83%) TBSA in non-POAF group (with Z values of -2.64 and -3.56, respectively, P<0.05). Compared with those in non-POAF group, the incidence rate of inhalation injury of patients in POAF group was significantly higher ( χ2=4.45, P<0.05), the total volumes of fluid infusion and blood transfusion during the first surgery were significantly increased (with Z values of -3.98 and -3.75, respectively, P<0.05), the incidence rates of hypothermia during the first surgery and hypothermia after the first surgery were significantly increased (with χ2 values of 8.24 and 18.72, respectively, P<0.05), the levels of procalcitonin before the first surgery and on the first day after the first surgery, as well as the NLR on the first day after the first surgery were significantly increased (with Z values of -3.03, -2.19, and -2.18, respectively, P<0.05), the lymphocyte count (with Z values of -2.07 and -2.60, respectively, P<0.05) and platelet count (with Z values of -3.35 and -3.58, respectively, P<0.05) were significantly reduced before the first surgery and on the first day after the first surgery, and the mortality rate within 30 days of admission was significantly higher ( χ2=4.03, P<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in other indexes between the two groups of patients ( P>0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age, total burn area, and intraoperative hypothermia were independent risk factors for the occurrence of atrial fibrillation in adult patients with critically severe burns after the first surgery (with odds ratios of 1.08, 1.07, and 4.18, 95% confidence intervals of 1.03-1.12, 1.03-1.11, and 1.48-11.80, respectively, P<0.05). Conclusions:Age, total burn area, and intraoperative hypothermia are independent risk factors for the occurrence of atrial fibrillation in adult patients with critically severe burns after the first surgery. Patients with atrial fibrillation have an increased risk of death.

Objective: Self-determination theory (SDT) deems that people have three causality orientations: autonomy orientation, control orientation, and impersonal orientation. Previous studies suggested that lower autonomy orientation or higher control and impersonal orientations may be associated with more addictive behaviors. Our study aimed to investigate if these associations exist in Internet gaming disorder (IGD), and if sensation seeking, anxiety, and depression could influence the associations between causality orientations and IGD symptoms. Methods: A total of 1,400 college students completed the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale, General Causality Orientation Scale, Brief Sensation Seeking Scale, Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale, and Patient Health Questionnaire. Correlation, multiple linear regressions, structural equation model (SEM) analyses, and moderation analyses were conducted to explore the associations. Results: The control and impersonal orientations were positively associated with IGD symptoms, while the autonomy orientation was negatively associated with them. Moreover, SEM analyses showed that the autonomy-IGD relationship was totally mediated by anxiety and depression, the impersonal-IGD relationship was partially mediated by anxiety, and the control-IGD relationship was partially mediated by depression. Finally, the effects of causality orientations on IGD were moderated by sensation seeking. Conclusion Overall, autonomy orientation is linked to fewer gaming problems, whereas control and impersonal orientations are associated with more gaming problems. Moreover, the relationships between causality orientations and IGD symptoms are mediated by anxiety and depression and moderated by sensation seeking. Our findings inform theory on the motivations of gaming behaviors and may shed light on the prevention and intervention of IGD from the perspective of SDT.