BACKGROUND:As an essential trace element for body growth and development,copper participates in many processes such as redox process,energy generation,signal transduction and bone metabolism.The imbalance of copper homeostasis in diabetic patients will lead to the increase of oxidative stress and the impairment of antioxidant mechanism,which stimulate the production of inflammatory mediators and inflammatory factors,and thus lead to cytotoxicity and body damage.In recent years,the role of copper in diabetes has gradually attracted attention,and some studies have confirmed that copper plays a key regulatory role in the pathological process of diabetes.OBJECTIVE:To summarize the current progress in the role of copper in systemic complications of diabetes and provide some theoretical reference for its future research and treatment.METHODS:The first author searched PubMed,Web of Science,CNKI and WanFang databases for literature related to the role of copper in systemic complications of diabetes.The search terms were"copper,Cu,diabetes,diabetic complications,diabetic cardiomyopathy,diabetic nephropathy,diabetic retinopathy,diabetic osteoporosis,diabetic periodontitis"in English and Chinese,respectively.After screening,95 articles were included in the review.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Copper is involved in the occurrence and development of diabetic complications and most of the damage caused by copper to the body is due to interference with the body's redox level.(2)In diabetic cardiomyopathy,increased Cu2+in the corpuscular circulation and impaired uptake of copper ions by cardiomyocytes,the accumulation of redox-active Cu2+and ceruloplasmin outside the cardiomyocyte induces copper oxidative stress in cardiomyocytes,leading to acute cardiac impairment.(3)In diabetic nephropathy,the toxic effect of excessive copper leads cause granular degeneration and vacuolar degeneration of renal tubular epithelial cells and proximal tubular necrosis,eventually leading to chronic or acute renal failure.(4)Excessive copper in diabetic patients can produce reactive oxygen species and directly or indirectly affect the function of copper protein with antioxidant function,thus damaging retinal cells.(5)In patients with diabetic osteoporosis,accumulated copper induces lipid peroxidation and interferes with bone metabolism.Copper acts on osteoblasts mainly through inhibition of superoxide dismutase,glutathione peroxidase,and alkaline phosphatase activities.(6)Excessive copper exacerbates inflammatory changes in periodontal tissue by promoting inflammatory responses.

BACKGROUND:As an essential trace element for body growth and development,copper participates in many processes such as redox process,energy generation,signal transduction and bone metabolism.The imbalance of copper homeostasis in diabetic patients will lead to the increase of oxidative stress and the impairment of antioxidant mechanism,which stimulate the production of inflammatory mediators and inflammatory factors,and thus lead to cytotoxicity and body damage.In recent years,the role of copper in diabetes has gradually attracted attention,and some studies have confirmed that copper plays a key regulatory role in the pathological process of diabetes.OBJECTIVE:To summarize the current progress in the role of copper in systemic complications of diabetes and provide some theoretical reference for its future research and treatment.METHODS:The first author searched PubMed,Web of Science,CNKI and WanFang databases for literature related to the role of copper in systemic complications of diabetes.The search terms were"copper,Cu,diabetes,diabetic complications,diabetic cardiomyopathy,diabetic nephropathy,diabetic retinopathy,diabetic osteoporosis,diabetic periodontitis"in English and Chinese,respectively.After screening,95 articles were included in the review.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Copper is involved in the occurrence and development of diabetic complications and most of the damage caused by copper to the body is due to interference with the body's redox level.(2)In diabetic cardiomyopathy,increased Cu2+in the corpuscular circulation and impaired uptake of copper ions by cardiomyocytes,the accumulation of redox-active Cu2+and ceruloplasmin outside the cardiomyocyte induces copper oxidative stress in cardiomyocytes,leading to acute cardiac impairment.(3)In diabetic nephropathy,the toxic effect of excessive copper leads cause granular degeneration and vacuolar degeneration of renal tubular epithelial cells and proximal tubular necrosis,eventually leading to chronic or acute renal failure.(4)Excessive copper in diabetic patients can produce reactive oxygen species and directly or indirectly affect the function of copper protein with antioxidant function,thus damaging retinal cells.(5)In patients with diabetic osteoporosis,accumulated copper induces lipid peroxidation and interferes with bone metabolism.Copper acts on osteoblasts mainly through inhibition of superoxide dismutase,glutathione peroxidase,and alkaline phosphatase activities.(6)Excessive copper exacerbates inflammatory changes in periodontal tissue by promoting inflammatory responses.

BACKGROUND:Unlike non-inflammatory cell apoptosis,pyroptosis is a form of inflammatory cell death,characterized by membrane integrity disruption and release of pro-inflammatory intracellular substances.Thus,it is associated with various diseases.The sirtuin family is a group of histone deacetylases dependent on nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide.In addition to deacetylation,it also possesses other enzymatic activities such as desuccinylation,demalonylation,adenosine diphosphate-ribosylation and playing crucial roles in the regulation of pyroptosis.OBJECTIVE:To review the role of the sirtuins in pyroptosis.METHODS:The first author conducted a search on PubMed,Web of Science,CNKI,and WanFang Data from inception to March 2024,using the Chinese and English search terms"Sirtuins,Sirtuin1,Sirtuin2,Sirtuin3,Sirtuin4,Sirtuin5,Sirtuin6,Sirtuin7,pyroptosis",resulting in the inclusion of 71 articles.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The sirtuin family all participates in the regulation of pyroptosis.(2)Overexpression of sirtuin1 and sirtuin4 can inhibit pyroptosis through various pathways,thus alleviating the damage caused by pyroptosis to the organism.(3)In addition to affecting the classical pathway of pyroptosis,sirtuin3 can also inhibit pyroptosis by enhancing mitochondrial reactive oxygen species scavenging capacity and mitosis.(4)Sirtuin5 is involved in the regulation of intracellular metabolism and energy balance,including energy intake,storage,and consumption.(5)Sirtuin6 can influence pyroptosis through various pathways and also affect macrophage M1 polarization,generation of reactive oxygen species,and cleavage of pyroptosis-related factor sclerotin D to inhibit pyroptosis.(6)Overexpression of sirtuin7 can suppress pyroptosis.(7)Sirtuin2,unlike other family members,can restrain pyroptosis only after knockdown,but there are fewer reports,requiring more in-depth and comprehensive research.

BACKGROUND:With the development of computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing technology,zirconia abutments with a titanium base are widely used in clinic due to its good application advantages,but there are still some problems and a lack of consensus design standards. OBJECTIVE:To review the fabrication methods of Ti-base zirconia abutment,and the effect of abutment connection,emergence design,abutment angle,and bonding on mechanical properties of Ti-base zirconia abutment. METHODS:Relevant literature published from 2010 to 2023 was searched in CNKI and PubMed databases with the search terms"zirconia abutment,titanium base"in Chinese and English,respectively.The search time limit was extended for some classical literature.The relevant literature was obtained through inclusion and exclusion criteria,and 57 eligible documents were included for review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:It is recommended that clinicians try to select antirotational titanium bases or rotational titanium bases with a Morse taper connection.Implants should be placed in the correct axial angulation of not more than 15° or with an inclination to the palatal side when using angled zirconia abutments.When a≥30° labial inclination is followed for implant placement,the bite force must be decreased effectively to reduce the risk of mechanical and biological complications of implants,abutments,and prostheses.Ti-base zirconia abutments with a higher gingival height should be selected,and its restorative angle should not exceed 40°.Multilink Hybrid Abutment could be the first choice for extraoral bonding of zirconia abutment to titanium bases.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of pre fenestration vs left common carotid-left subclavian artery(LCCA-LSA) bypass for left subclavian artery (LSA) reconstruction in Stanford B aortic dissection patients undergoing thoracic endovascular repair(TEVAR).Methods:The clinical and follow-up data of 120 patients with Stanford type B aortic dissection who were treated with TEVAR and reconstructed by pre fenestration or LCCA-LSA bypass from Jul 2009 to Aug 2023 at the Department of Vascular surgery of Provincial Hospital, Shandong First Medical University were analyzed retrospectively.Results:Patients were retrospectively divided into pre fenestration group (40 cases) and hybrid repair (bypass) group (80 cases). The average operation time [(146.9±37.6) vs.(332.4±106.2)min, P<0.001] and hospital stay [(15.8±5.6) vs. (22.9±9.0)d P<0.001] in the pre fenestration group were lower than those in the hybrid repair group, and the preoperative complications in the pre fenestration group were slightly higher than that in hybrid repair group (97.5% vs. 91.3%). One patient in the pre fenestration group failed the surgery, and the technical success rate was 97.5%. The postoperative complications in the pre fenestration group were lower than hybrid repair group (22.5% vs. 26.3%). There was one experiencing secondary intervention in the pre fenestration group and 6 in the hybrid repair group. Two patients died postoperatively, all in hybrid repair group. Conclusion:Both pre fenestration and left common carotid-left subclavian artery(LCCA-LSA) bypass(hybrid procedure) are safe and feasible methods for reconstruction of LSA in Stanford B aortic dissection patients undergoing TEVAR.

Traumatic aortic injury (TAI) is an acute, critical, and severe disease, and then combined with multiple organ damage, it is even more dangerous. TAI progresses very rapidly, with a pre-hospital mortality rate of 57%-80%, and even when arriving at the hospital, more than one-third of the patients die within 4 h, and it is the 2nd leading cause of death in individuals aged 4-34 years. In addition, the incidence of TAI combined with injury was 81.4%. Therefore, early diagnosis, expeditious surgery, and timely and effective multidisciplinary cooperation are essential for successful rescue. The authors report 2 patients with acute traumatic aortic dissection combined with multiple organ injuries and treated with emergency endovascular surgery to discuss their clinical characteristics and treatment experience, and to provide experience in the diagnosis and treatment of such patients.
Humans ; Aortic Dissection/surgery* ; Endovascular Procedures ; Multiple Trauma/surgery*

BACKGROUND:Unlike non-inflammatory cell apoptosis,pyroptosis is a form of inflammatory cell death,characterized by membrane integrity disruption and release of pro-inflammatory intracellular substances.Thus,it is associated with various diseases.The sirtuin family is a group of histone deacetylases dependent on nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide.In addition to deacetylation,it also possesses other enzymatic activities such as desuccinylation,demalonylation,adenosine diphosphate-ribosylation and playing crucial roles in the regulation of pyroptosis.OBJECTIVE:To review the role of the sirtuins in pyroptosis.METHODS:The first author conducted a search on PubMed,Web of Science,CNKI,and WanFang Data from inception to March 2024,using the Chinese and English search terms"Sirtuins,Sirtuin1,Sirtuin2,Sirtuin3,Sirtuin4,Sirtuin5,Sirtuin6,Sirtuin7,pyroptosis",resulting in the inclusion of 71 articles.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The sirtuin family all participates in the regulation of pyroptosis.(2)Overexpression of sirtuin1 and sirtuin4 can inhibit pyroptosis through various pathways,thus alleviating the damage caused by pyroptosis to the organism.(3)In addition to affecting the classical pathway of pyroptosis,sirtuin3 can also inhibit pyroptosis by enhancing mitochondrial reactive oxygen species scavenging capacity and mitosis.(4)Sirtuin5 is involved in the regulation of intracellular metabolism and energy balance,including energy intake,storage,and consumption.(5)Sirtuin6 can influence pyroptosis through various pathways and also affect macrophage M1 polarization,generation of reactive oxygen species,and cleavage of pyroptosis-related factor sclerotin D to inhibit pyroptosis.(6)Overexpression of sirtuin7 can suppress pyroptosis.(7)Sirtuin2,unlike other family members,can restrain pyroptosis only after knockdown,but there are fewer reports,requiring more in-depth and comprehensive research.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of pre fenestration vs left common carotid-left subclavian artery(LCCA-LSA) bypass for left subclavian artery (LSA) reconstruction in Stanford B aortic dissection patients undergoing thoracic endovascular repair(TEVAR).Methods:The clinical and follow-up data of 120 patients with Stanford type B aortic dissection who were treated with TEVAR and reconstructed by pre fenestration or LCCA-LSA bypass from Jul 2009 to Aug 2023 at the Department of Vascular surgery of Provincial Hospital, Shandong First Medical University were analyzed retrospectively.Results:Patients were retrospectively divided into pre fenestration group (40 cases) and hybrid repair (bypass) group (80 cases). The average operation time [(146.9±37.6) vs.(332.4±106.2)min, P<0.001] and hospital stay [(15.8±5.6) vs. (22.9±9.0)d P<0.001] in the pre fenestration group were lower than those in the hybrid repair group, and the preoperative complications in the pre fenestration group were slightly higher than that in hybrid repair group (97.5% vs. 91.3%). One patient in the pre fenestration group failed the surgery, and the technical success rate was 97.5%. The postoperative complications in the pre fenestration group were lower than hybrid repair group (22.5% vs. 26.3%). There was one experiencing secondary intervention in the pre fenestration group and 6 in the hybrid repair group. Two patients died postoperatively, all in hybrid repair group. Conclusion:Both pre fenestration and left common carotid-left subclavian artery(LCCA-LSA) bypass(hybrid procedure) are safe and feasible methods for reconstruction of LSA in Stanford B aortic dissection patients undergoing TEVAR.

Objective:To explore the effects of different concentrations of ropivacaine ultrasound-guided transverse abdominis plane block on postoperative pain and stress response in patients undergoing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy.Methods:A prospective study was conducted on 120 obese patients who underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy at the Puren Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology from July 2020 to July 2022. According to the random number table method, all patients were divided into a control group, a low concentration group, and a high concentration group, with 40 cases in each group. All three groups underwent ultrasound-guided transverse abdominis plane block after general anesthesia induction. The control group was injected with physiological saline, while the low concentration group and high concentration group were injected with 0.25% and 0.50% ropivacaine, respectively. Stress response indicators before and after surgery in three groups [adrenaline (E), cortisol (Cor), free thyroxine (FT4), and C-reactive protein (CRP)], hemodynamic indicators [mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR)], glucose and lipid metabolism indicators [fasting blood glucose (FBG), 2-hour postprandial blood glucose (2-hour PBG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA 1c), total cholesterol (TC), and triglycerides (TG)] and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score were compared before and after surgery. Results:On the 1st day after surgery, the levels of E, Cor, FT4, CRP, FBG, 2-hour PBG, HbA 1c, TC, and TG in the high concentration group were lower than those in the control group and low concentration group (all P<0.05); 15 minutes after anesthesia and 2 hours after surgery, the MAP and HR of the high concentration group were higher than those of the control group and the low concentration group (all P<0.05); At 6, 12, and 24 hours after surgery, the VAS score of the high concentration group was lower than that of the control group and the low concentration group (all P<0.05); There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of airway reactions during anesthesia induction among the three groups ( P>0.05). Conclusions:In laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy, administering 0.50% concentration of ropivacaine ultrasound-guided plane block of the transverse abdominis muscle has a strong postoperative analgesic effect, which can improve E, Cor, FT4, and CRP levels, and is worthy of clinical application.

BACKGROUND:Periodontitis is an inflammatory and destructive disease with plaque biofilm as the main pathogenic material,which occurs in the gingiva,periodontal ligament,alveolar bone and cementum.The antigen of bacterial complex and its secreted toxin and enzyme directly lead to the destruction of periodontal tissue and trigger the host's immune response,causing indirect damage to the body tissue.Silence information regulatory factors(Sirtuins,SIRTs)play an important role in anti-aging,anti-oxidative stress,regulating inflammation,and mediating autophagy,and are closely related to the occurrence and development of periodontitis. OBJECTIVE:To review the research status of Sirtuins in periodontitis. METHODS:The first author used the computer to search the relevant research regarding the role of Sirtuins in periodontitis in PubMed,Web of Scene,CNKI and WanFang databases.The key words were"Sirtuins,Sirtuin1-7,periodontitis"in English and Chinese.After literature screening,57 articles were included for review and analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:SIRT1,SIRT2,SIRT3,and SIRT6 participate in regulating the occurrence and development of periodontitis.Inhibition of SIRT1 expression may be the target of periodontitis treatment,while overexpression of SIRT1 can inhibit periodontitis and protect periodontal tissue.The activator of SIRT1 can reduce the inflammation of periodontal tissue and improve the systemic pathological changes caused by periodontitis.SIRT2 is involved in nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase-mediated periodontal inflammation and plays a role in the treatment and prognosis of periodontal diseases.SIRT3 can improve age-related periodontal disease.Gastrodin promotes the osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells through the up-regulation of SIRT3.The activator of SIRT3 reduces the damage of periodontitis to periodontal and renal tissues by regulating the level of autophagy in the cells.SIRT6 can inhibit the inflammatory reaction of periodontal tissue and inhibit the differentiation and mineralization of cementoblasts.SIRT6 is beneficial to the prognosis of periapical periodontitis.The relationship between SIRT4,SIRT5,SIRT7 and periodontitis is rarely reported.