Objective:To retrospectively seek any correlation between hemoglobin (Hb) levels and post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI), and to explore the value of Hb levels in PSCI diagnosis and prediction.Methods:The Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE) was used to sort elderly persons who had suffered a first stroke into a PSCI group showing cognitive impairment and a PSNCI group which was not cognitively impaired. Healthy counterparts undergoing physical examinations were selected into a healthy group. Everyone′s white blood cell count (WBC), neutrophil count (NC), lymphocyte count (LC), monocyte count (MONO), platelet count (PLT) and Hb, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were recorded. Monocyte to high density lipoprotein cholesterol ratios (MHRs), neutrophil to lymphocyte ratios (NLRs), and platelet to lymphocyte ratios (PLRs) were calculated. The differences among the three groups were compared seeking to identify risk factors predicting PSCI.Results:There were no significant differences in age, gender, WBC, MONO, PLT, TG or MHR among the three groups, on average. But there were significant differences in NC, LC, Hb, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, NLR and PLR. Spearman correlation analysis showed that NC, NLR and PLR were negatively correlated with the average MMSE score, while LC, Hb, TC, HDL-C and LDL-C were positively correlated with it. Logistic regression analysis showed that a low level of Hb was an independent risk factor for PSCI for the elderly stroke survivors. The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) for Hb was 0.794 for predicting PSCI in elderly stroke patients, with a maximum Youden index of 0.496. The critical value of Hb was estimated as 138.5g/L.Conclusions:Hb levels can significantly predict the cognitive functioning of elderly stroke survivors. An Hb level below 138.5g/L is an independent risk factor for PSCI, while higher Hb levels may indicate cognitive benefits.

Objective:To retrospectively seek any correlation between hemoglobin (Hb) levels and post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI), and to explore the value of Hb levels in PSCI diagnosis and prediction.Methods:The Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE) was used to sort elderly persons who had suffered a first stroke into a PSCI group showing cognitive impairment and a PSNCI group which was not cognitively impaired. Healthy counterparts undergoing physical examinations were selected into a healthy group. Everyone′s white blood cell count (WBC), neutrophil count (NC), lymphocyte count (LC), monocyte count (MONO), platelet count (PLT) and Hb, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were recorded. Monocyte to high density lipoprotein cholesterol ratios (MHRs), neutrophil to lymphocyte ratios (NLRs), and platelet to lymphocyte ratios (PLRs) were calculated. The differences among the three groups were compared seeking to identify risk factors predicting PSCI.Results:There were no significant differences in age, gender, WBC, MONO, PLT, TG or MHR among the three groups, on average. But there were significant differences in NC, LC, Hb, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, NLR and PLR. Spearman correlation analysis showed that NC, NLR and PLR were negatively correlated with the average MMSE score, while LC, Hb, TC, HDL-C and LDL-C were positively correlated with it. Logistic regression analysis showed that a low level of Hb was an independent risk factor for PSCI for the elderly stroke survivors. The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) for Hb was 0.794 for predicting PSCI in elderly stroke patients, with a maximum Youden index of 0.496. The critical value of Hb was estimated as 138.5g/L.Conclusions:Hb levels can significantly predict the cognitive functioning of elderly stroke survivors. An Hb level below 138.5g/L is an independent risk factor for PSCI, while higher Hb levels may indicate cognitive benefits.

Eleutherococcus trifoliatus (Araliaceae) is called Baile or Lecai in China. E. trifoliatus is a medicinal and edible plant widely used in folk traditions. As a TCM, the dried herb of this species can remove damp heat and detoxicity, cure rheumatism, remove blood stasis, relieve pain, and alleviate cough and asthma symptoms. Many chemical compounds have been reported including diterpenoids, triterpenoids, phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, lignans, caffeoyl quinic acids, steroids, essential oils, etc., in which flavonoids, saponins, and caffeoyl quinic acids are the most bioactive components. In vitro and in vivo pharmacological experiments demonstrated that E. trifoliatus has anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, anticancer, antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-hyperalgesic, anti-fatigue, analgesic, and hemostatic effects. Here we reviewed E. trifoliatus in phytochemistry, analysis methods, and pharmacology.

OBJECTIVE：To establish a method for simultaneous determination of two flavonoids （rutin and kaempferol-3-O- rutinoside） and four phenoquinones （dihydrotanshinone Ⅰ，cryptotanshinone，tanshinone Ⅰ and tanshinoneⅡA） in Huoxue cuyu capsules. METHODS：HPLC method was adopted. The determination was performed on Welch Ultimate XB-C18 column with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-0.1％phosphoric acid solution（gradient elution）at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The column temperature was set at 20 ℃，and detection wavelength was set at 270 nm. The sample size was 10 μL. RESULTS：The linear range of rutin，kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside，dihydrotanshinone Ⅰ，cryptotanshinone，tanshinone Ⅰ and tanshinoneⅡA were 172.13-860.66 μg/mL（r＝0.999 7），15.33-76.66 μg/mL（r＝0.999 8），12.81-64.06 μg/mL（r＝0.999 3），5.90-29.52 μg/mL（r＝0.999 3），5.12-25.60 μg/mL（r＝0.999 2），6.71-33.57 μg/mL（r＝0.999 7），respectively. The limits of detection were 0.08，0.01，0.01，0.01，0.01，0.01 μg/mL. The limits of quantitation were 0.27，0.02，0.03，0.03，0.03，0.03 μg/mL，respectively. RSDs of precision，stability test and repetition tests were all lower than 2.0％（n＝6）. The recoveries were 97.54％-100.25％（RSD＝1.07％，n＝6），96.90％-101.91％（RSD＝1.73％，n＝6），96.24％-102.89％（RSD＝2.32％，n＝6），97.04％-102.18％（RSD＝1.82％，n＝6），95.06％-97.73％（RSD＝1.18％，n＝6），95.59％-101.40％（RSD＝2.29％，n＝6），respectively. CONCLUSIONS：The method is sensitive，rapid，simple and has good reproducibility. It can be used for simultaneous determination of rutin， kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside， dihydrotanshinone Ⅰ， cryptotanshinone， tanshinone Ⅰ， tanshinoneⅡA in Huoxue cuyu capsules.