Objective:To evaluate the role of spinal serum and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1(SGK-1)/Kalirin-7/N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor 2B(NR2B) signaling pathway in the type 2 diabetic neuropathic pain(DNP) in rats.Methods:Clean-grade male Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 6 weeks, weighing 120-160 g, were randomized to receive a normal diet(normal control group [group C, n=12]) or a high-fat and high-glucose diet( n=60). Diabetes mellitus was induced by single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin 35 mg/kg after 8 weeks of a high-fat and high-glucose diet. The successful DNP model was defined as a decrease in the pain threshold(mechanical paw withdrawal threshold [MWT] and thermal paw withdrawal latency [TWL]) to less than 85% of the baseline value in type 2 diabetic rats. Twelve non-DNP(pain threshold above 85% of the baseline value) rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus were randomly selected and included in non-DNP group(NDNP group). Thirty-six rats with DNP were divided into 3 groups( n=12 each) using a random number table method: DNP group, DNP plus SGK1 inhibitor GSK-650394 group(DNP+ G group), and DNP plus solvent control group(DNP+ SC group). At day 14 after STZ injection, GSK-650394(10 μl) 300 nmol/L was intrathecally injected once a day for 14 consecutive days in DNP+ G group. DNP group did not receive any treatment, and the rats in DNP+ SC group received intrathecal injection of the equal volume of dimethyl sulfoxide. The MWT and TWL were measured after 8 weeks of feeding, at 14 days after STZ injection, and at 3, 7 and 14 days after intrathecal injection(at 17, 21 and 28 days after STZ injection). After 7 days of intrathecal injection, the lumbar enlargement tissues of the spinal cord were collected for determination of the expression of SGK-1, phosphorylated SGK-1(Ser422-SGK1), Kalirin-7, phosphorylated NR2B(Tyr1472-NR2B), and NR2B by Western blot. The ratios of Ser422-SGK1 to SGK1 and Tyr1472-NR2B to NR2B were calculated. Results:Compared with C group, the MWT was significantly decreased and TWL was shortened at 14 days after STZ injection and at the corresponding time points of intrathecal injection, and the ratios of spinal Ser422-SGK1 to SGK1 and Tyr1472-NR2B to NR2B were increased, and the expression of Kalirin-7 was up-regulated in DNP group( P<0.05), and no statistically significant change was found in the aforementioned parameters in NDNP group( P>0.05). Compared with DNP group, the MWT was significantly increased and TWL was prolonged at 3, 7 and 14 days of intrathecal injection, the ratios of Ser422-SGK1 to SGK1 and Tyr1472-NR2B to NR2B in the spinal cord tissue were decreased, Kalirin-7 expression was down-regulated( P<0.05), and no statistically significant differences were found in the aforementioned parameters in DNP+ SC group( P>0.05). Conclusions:The enhanced phosphorylation of SGK-1 in the spinal cord of DNP rats may play an important role in the occurrence and maintenance of DNP probably by activating the Kalirin-7/NR2B signaling pathway.

Objective:To evaluate the role of spinal serum and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1(SGK-1)/Kalirin-7/N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor 2B(NR2B) signaling pathway in the type 2 diabetic neuropathic pain(DNP) in rats.Methods:Clean-grade male Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 6 weeks, weighing 120-160 g, were randomized to receive a normal diet(normal control group [group C, n=12]) or a high-fat and high-glucose diet( n=60). Diabetes mellitus was induced by single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin 35 mg/kg after 8 weeks of a high-fat and high-glucose diet. The successful DNP model was defined as a decrease in the pain threshold(mechanical paw withdrawal threshold [MWT] and thermal paw withdrawal latency [TWL]) to less than 85% of the baseline value in type 2 diabetic rats. Twelve non-DNP(pain threshold above 85% of the baseline value) rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus were randomly selected and included in non-DNP group(NDNP group). Thirty-six rats with DNP were divided into 3 groups( n=12 each) using a random number table method: DNP group, DNP plus SGK1 inhibitor GSK-650394 group(DNP+ G group), and DNP plus solvent control group(DNP+ SC group). At day 14 after STZ injection, GSK-650394(10 μl) 300 nmol/L was intrathecally injected once a day for 14 consecutive days in DNP+ G group. DNP group did not receive any treatment, and the rats in DNP+ SC group received intrathecal injection of the equal volume of dimethyl sulfoxide. The MWT and TWL were measured after 8 weeks of feeding, at 14 days after STZ injection, and at 3, 7 and 14 days after intrathecal injection(at 17, 21 and 28 days after STZ injection). After 7 days of intrathecal injection, the lumbar enlargement tissues of the spinal cord were collected for determination of the expression of SGK-1, phosphorylated SGK-1(Ser422-SGK1), Kalirin-7, phosphorylated NR2B(Tyr1472-NR2B), and NR2B by Western blot. The ratios of Ser422-SGK1 to SGK1 and Tyr1472-NR2B to NR2B were calculated. Results:Compared with C group, the MWT was significantly decreased and TWL was shortened at 14 days after STZ injection and at the corresponding time points of intrathecal injection, and the ratios of spinal Ser422-SGK1 to SGK1 and Tyr1472-NR2B to NR2B were increased, and the expression of Kalirin-7 was up-regulated in DNP group( P<0.05), and no statistically significant change was found in the aforementioned parameters in NDNP group( P>0.05). Compared with DNP group, the MWT was significantly increased and TWL was prolonged at 3, 7 and 14 days of intrathecal injection, the ratios of Ser422-SGK1 to SGK1 and Tyr1472-NR2B to NR2B in the spinal cord tissue were decreased, Kalirin-7 expression was down-regulated( P<0.05), and no statistically significant differences were found in the aforementioned parameters in DNP+ SC group( P>0.05). Conclusions:The enhanced phosphorylation of SGK-1 in the spinal cord of DNP rats may play an important role in the occurrence and maintenance of DNP probably by activating the Kalirin-7/NR2B signaling pathway.

Objective To investigate the effect of health education on motor function in hemiplegia after stroke. Methods 105 stroke patients were divided into treatment group （53 cases）and control group（52 cases）. The patients in both groups received the similar rehabilitation and medicines, and the patients in the treatment group also accepted the health education. They were assessed with the Fugl-Meyer assessment （FMA） and modified Barthel index （MBI）. Results The scores of FMA and MBI in the both groups were improved after treatment（P<0.001）, and the result of the treatment group was better than that of the control group （P<0.05）. Conclusion Health education can improve the recovery of motor function and activity of daily living in patients with hemiplegia by knowing more about the disease.

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical characteristics of post-stroke depression (PSD) and correlative factors.Methods116 patients with PSD were randomly divided into the treatment group (n=69) and control group (n=47). The patients of the treatment group were treated with selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRI) 20 mg/d and combined with psychological counselling, those of the control group only with SSRI. All patients were examined with Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) when admission and one month after treatment.ResultsAfter treatment, the SDS scores of all patients in two groups decreased ( P<0.05～0.01), but the therapeutic effect of the treatment group was better than that of the control group ( P<0.05).ConclusionThe PSD is correlated with psych-social circumstances except body disease.