Japanese encephalitis virus(JEV)belongs to the genus Flavivirus and the family Flavi-viridae,and is classified as a single-stranded,positive-sense RNA virus.The disease known as Japa-nese encephalitis(JE),which results from JEV infection,is a viral zoonosis that is prevalent worldwide and poses a significant public health concern.JEV infection activates a variety of signa-ling pathways,leading to a series of changes that are crucial to the virus's pathogenesis.Among these pathways,Toll-like receptors(TLRs)are particularly significant,and their diverse range and complex signal transduction mechanisms present substantial challenges for the prevention and con-trol of JEV.Currently,there is no specific treatment for JEV.Although some vaccines have been developed to prevent JE,eradicating JEV remains difficult due to its zoonotic transmission cycle and the limited efficacy of the available vaccines.This article reviews the alterations in various TLR signaling pathways induced by JEV infection in the host,aiming to provide insights into the patho-genic mechanisms of JEV and to identify potential new antiviral targets.

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus(PRRSV)is the pathogen of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome(PRRS),and its infection mainly causes abortion,stillbirth in sows and piglet respiratory infections,which are widely prevalent in the world and seriously jeopardize the development of the world's animal husbandry industry.PRRSV infection of the host is capable of inducing significant immunosuppression,and in recent years,the study of the mecha-nism of PRRSV immunosuppression has become a hot topic,with studies showing that numerous PRRSV proteins are involved in the regulation of host innate immunity and elucidating the mecha-nism by which PRRSV proteins modulate host innate immunity.In this paper,we reviewed the progress of research on the interaction mechanism between PRRSV proteins and host innate im-munity to provide a theoretical basis for a comprehensive understanding of the pathogenesis of PRRSV and the prevention and control of PRRS.

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is a cancer with extremely high mortality and incidence rates.In recent years,with the development of multidisciplinary approaches,key characteristics of cancer have gradually been revealed.Studies have shown that dysregulated energy metabolism and metabolic reprogramming in tumor cells form the basis for tumor cell growth and are critical factors in shaping the tumor microenvironment,immune evasion,and drug resistance.Non-coding RNAs(ncRNAs),as important regulatory factors,play a crucial role in the metabolic reprogramming of HCC.This article focuses on summarizing the mech-anisms by which ncRNAs regulate metabolic repro-gramming in HCC and explores their applications in clinical diagnosis,treatment,and prognostic assess-ment,aiming to provide new perspectives for effec-tive HCC treatment and the development of novel drug targets.

Japanese encephalitis virus(JEV)belongs to the genus Flavivirus and the family Flavi-viridae,and is classified as a single-stranded,positive-sense RNA virus.The disease known as Japa-nese encephalitis(JE),which results from JEV infection,is a viral zoonosis that is prevalent worldwide and poses a significant public health concern.JEV infection activates a variety of signa-ling pathways,leading to a series of changes that are crucial to the virus's pathogenesis.Among these pathways,Toll-like receptors(TLRs)are particularly significant,and their diverse range and complex signal transduction mechanisms present substantial challenges for the prevention and con-trol of JEV.Currently,there is no specific treatment for JEV.Although some vaccines have been developed to prevent JE,eradicating JEV remains difficult due to its zoonotic transmission cycle and the limited efficacy of the available vaccines.This article reviews the alterations in various TLR signaling pathways induced by JEV infection in the host,aiming to provide insights into the patho-genic mechanisms of JEV and to identify potential new antiviral targets.

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus(PRRSV)is the pathogen of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome(PRRS),and its infection mainly causes abortion,stillbirth in sows and piglet respiratory infections,which are widely prevalent in the world and seriously jeopardize the development of the world's animal husbandry industry.PRRSV infection of the host is capable of inducing significant immunosuppression,and in recent years,the study of the mecha-nism of PRRSV immunosuppression has become a hot topic,with studies showing that numerous PRRSV proteins are involved in the regulation of host innate immunity and elucidating the mecha-nism by which PRRSV proteins modulate host innate immunity.In this paper,we reviewed the progress of research on the interaction mechanism between PRRSV proteins and host innate im-munity to provide a theoretical basis for a comprehensive understanding of the pathogenesis of PRRSV and the prevention and control of PRRS.

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is a cancer with extremely high mortality and incidence rates.In recent years,with the development of multidisciplinary approaches,key characteristics of cancer have gradually been revealed.Studies have shown that dysregulated energy metabolism and metabolic reprogramming in tumor cells form the basis for tumor cell growth and are critical factors in shaping the tumor microenvironment,immune evasion,and drug resistance.Non-coding RNAs(ncRNAs),as important regulatory factors,play a crucial role in the metabolic reprogramming of HCC.This article focuses on summarizing the mech-anisms by which ncRNAs regulate metabolic repro-gramming in HCC and explores their applications in clinical diagnosis,treatment,and prognostic assess-ment,aiming to provide new perspectives for effec-tive HCC treatment and the development of novel drug targets.

Objective Based on the background of disease diagnosis related groups(DRGs)in public hospitals to construct the nursing quality evaluation index system for percutaneous radiofrequency ablation(PRFA)of liver cancer so as to improve the nursing quality for PRFA of liver cancer.Methods Using three-dimensional quality model and through interview,literature analysis,two rounds of Delphi expert letter inquiry and analytic hierarchy process,the evaluation standard of PRFA nursing quality of liver cancer was established,and its effect was validated in clinical practice.Results The evaluation index system of PRFA nursing quality for liver cancer was constructed,which included 3 first-level indexes,9 second-level indexes and 22 third-level indexes.After clinical application,the incidence of intraoperative and postoperative moderate-severe pain,the incidence of high fever,and the 24-hour number of times required care in the intervention group were lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05),the incidence of postoperative Ⅲ degree vomiting in the intervention group was remarkably lower than that in the control group(P＜0.01),and the average hospitalization days in the intervention group were less than those in the control group(P＜0.05),and the average hospitalization expense in the intervention group was lower than that in the control group,but the difference was not statistically significant(P＞0.05).Conclusion The PRFA nursing quality evaluation index system for liver cancer is scientific and practical,which is helpful for improving the outcome of patients and promoting the quality of nursing.

Objective To explore the predictive value of dose surface histogram(DSH)in image guided radiotherapy(IGRT)for radiotherapy-induced acute radiation proctitis(ARP)in cervical cancer(CCA).Methods Totally 380 patients with CCA IGRT admitted to some hospital from May 2019 to May 2023 were selected prospectively and randomly divided into a control group(n=1 80)and an experimental group(n=200).The patients in the 2 groups were followed up and the incidence rates of ARP were counted,and rectal dose distribution was evaluated using dose volume histogram(DVH)in the control group and DSH in the experimental group.The predictive values of DVH and DSH for ARP were evaluated and compared using ROC curves.Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 21.0 software.Results The two groups did not have statistically significant difference in the incidence rate of ARP(P＞0.05),while there were significant differences in the evaluation indicators of the rectal dose distribution(P＜0.05).V40,V50,S40 and S50 proved to have low predictive values for grade Ⅰ-Ⅳ ARP with AUC 0.700(P＜0.05);V60 and S60 had moderate predictive values for grade Ⅰ-Ⅳ ARP with AUC greater than 0.700 and less than or equal to 0.900(P＜0.05);V70,V78,S70 and S7s showed high predictive values for grade Ⅰ-Ⅳ ARP with AUC higher than 0.900(P＜0.05).Delong's test results indicated that DVH and DSH had no significant differences in AUC when used to predict gradeⅠ-Ⅳ ARP(allP＞0.05).Conclusion DSH is essentially the same as DVH when used for the prediction of grade Ⅰ-Ⅳ ARP due to CCA IGRT,and thus can be used for the supplementation and optimization of radiotherapy planning systems.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2025,46(3):48-53]

Porcine deltacoronavirus(PDCoV)is the main pathogen of porcine deltacoronavirus dis-ease.After infection,pigsmanifest a series of main symptoms,such as persistent vomiting,watery diarrhea and severe dehydration.Pigs at almost all growth stages are likely to be infected with the virus,especially suckling piglets are much sensitive to the virus.Once PDCoV infects the host,it u-sually causes significant immunosuppression.In recent years,studies on the immunosuppressive mechanism of PDCoV have gradually attracted widespread attention.The results showed that mul-tiple proteins of PDCoV were involved in the regulation of host innate immunity,revealing the mechanism of these proteins in regulating host innate immunity.In this paper,the interaction mechanism between PDCoV protein and host innate immunity were rsummarized,which will pro-vide a theoretical basis for further understanding the pathogenesis of PDCoV and effective preven-tion and control of porcine delta coronavirus disease.

Objective:To explore a selective resection strategy for combined lumbosacral hemivertebra (LSHV) and thoracolumbar hemivertebra/lumbar hemivertebra (TLHV/LHV) double-balanced hemivertebra deformities.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on 21 patients aged over 10 years with lumbosacral and thoracolumbar or lumbar combined hemimetameric segmental shift (HMMS) deformities who underwent surgery at Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital between May 2009 and October 2022. The cohort included 7 males and 14 females, with a mean surgical age of 21.5±10.9 years (range: 12-55 years) and a mean follow-up duration of 32.8±15.9 months (range: 24-74 months). Patients were divided into two groups based on preoperative coronal balance: the balanced group (Type A) and the unbalanced group (Type C). Radiographic parameters, including the major Cobb angle, lumbosacral take-off angle, kyphotic angle, coronal balance distance (CBD), and the deviation of the upper instrumented vertebra (UIV), were measured preoperatively, postoperatively, and at the final follow-up. Surgical complications were also recorded.Results:Of the 21 patients, 11 were classified as preoperatively balanced, and 10 as unbalanced. The deformity angular ratio of thoracolumbar to lumbosacral curves was significantly higher in the balanced group than in the unbalanced group (0.9±0.3 vs. 0.6±0.2; t=2.143, P=0.045). The preoperative main curve Cobb angles in the balanced and imbalanced groups were 71.3°±22.3° and 58.6°±8.2°, respectively. One week postoperatively, these angles were reduced to 38.4°±17.6° and 31.3°±5.6°, and were maintained at 40.0°±18.1° and 32.6°±5.6° at the final follow-up, all differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). The preoperative lumbosacral take-off angles were 37.5°±9.1° in the balanced group and 36.7°±7.7° in the imbalanced group, which decreased to 18.4°±9.4° and 19.2°±5.5° at 1 week postoperatively, and remained at 19.4°±10.1° and 19.6°±5.8° at the final follow-up. These changes were also statistically significant ( P<0.05). In the balanced group, the UIV tilt angle, the CBD and the deviation of the UIV, were all significantly reduced compared to preoperative values ( P<0.05). Among the 21 patients, LSHV resection was performed in 15 cases, and TLHV/LHV resection was performed in 7 cases. Among the 15 patients with kyphosis, TLHV/LHV resection was performed in 6 cases. In the balanced group, 9 patients maintained type A postoperatively, including 4 patients with LSHV resection, 2 with TLHV/LHV resection, 2 with both LSHV and TLHV/LHV resection, 1 without resection of both hemivertebra. Two patients in the balanced group who underwent TLHV/LHV resection experienced postoperative deterioration to type C. In the unbalanced group, 8 cases with LSHV resection improved to type A, while 1 case with LSHV resection and 1 case with neither resection maintained C-type. In the LSHV resection group, CBD improved from 29.8±15.2 mm to 13.9±5.7 mm postoperatively and remained stable at 14.6±8.6 mm at final follow-up. Only 1 patient in this group experienced worsened coronal imbalance. In contrast, in the non-LSHV resection group, CBD worsened from 17.2 ± 8.7 mm to 19.7±12.1 mm postoperatively, progressing further to 20.5±13.0 mm at follow-up. Three patients in this group had worsening coronal imbalance, and 2 required revision surgery. Reported complications included 3 cases of internal fixation fracture, 1 case of proximal junctional kyphosis, and 1 case of acute incision infection. Conclusions:Effective resection of lumbosacral hemivertebrae is the preferred selective strategy, particularly for patients with preoperative coronal imbalance, as it significantly reduces the risk of worsening coronal imbalance and internal fixation-related complications. However, selective resection involving only TLHV or LHV without addressing LSHV in preoperatively balanced patients may increase the risk of postoperative coronal imbalance.