Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) represents a distinctive subtype, characterized by the absence of estrogen receptors, progesterone receptors, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). Due to its high inter-tumor and intra-tumor heterogeneity, TNBC poses significant chanllenges for personalized diagnosis and treatment. The advant of clustered regular interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) technology has profoundly enhanced our understanding of the structure and function of the TNBC genome, providing a powerful tool for investigating the occurrence and development of diseases. This review focuses on the application of CRISPR/Cas technology in the personalized diagnosis and treatment of TNBC. We begin by discussing the unique attributes of TNBC and the limitations of current diagnostic and treatment approaches: conventional diagnostic methods provide limited insights into TNBC, while traditional chemotherapy drugs are often associated with low efficacy and severe side effects. The CRISPR/Cas system, which activates Cas enzymes through complementary guide RNAs (gRNAs) to selectively degrade specific nucleic acids, has emerged as a robust tool for TNBC research. This technology enables precise gene editing, allowing for a deeper understanding of TNBC heterogeneity by marking and tracking diverse cell clones. Additionally, CRISPR facilitates high-throughput screening to promptly identify genes involved in TNBC growth, metastasis, and drug resistance, thus revealing new therapeutic targets and strategies. In TNBC diagnostics, CRISPR/Cas was applied to develop molecular diagnostic systems based on Cas9, Cas12, and Cas13, each employing distinct detection principles. These systems can sensitively and specifically detect a variety of TNBC biomarkers, including cell-specific DNA/RNA and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA). In the realm of precision therapy, CRISPR/Cas has been utilized to identify key genes implicated in TNBC progression and treatment resistance. CRISPR-based screening has uncovered potential therapeutic targets, while its gene-editing capabilities have facilitated the development of combination therapies with traditional chemotherapy drugs, enhancing their efficacy. Despite its promise, the clinical translation of CRISPR/Cas technology remains in its early stages. Several clinical trials are underway to assess its safety and efficacy in the treatment of various genetic diseases and cancers. Challenges such as off-target effects, editing efficiency, and delivery methods remain to be addressed. The integration of CRISPR/Cas with other technologies, such as 3D cell culture systems, human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), and artificial intelligence (AI), is expected to further advance precision medicine for TNBC. These technological convergences can offer deeper insights into disease mechanisms and facilitate the development of personalized treatment strategies. In conclusion, the CRISPR/Cas system holds immense potential in the precise diagnosis and treatment of TNBC. As the technology progresses and becomes more costs-effective, its clinical relevance will grow, and the translation of CRISPR/Cas system data into clinical applications will pave the way for optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for TNBC patients. However, technical hurdles and ethical considerations require ongoing research and regulation to ensure safety and efficacy.

Shengma Gegentang is one of the classic formulas in the Catalogue of Ancient Classic Prescriptions （Second Batch）. This study reviewed ancient and modern literature and used literature tracing and bibliometric methods to analyze the historical evolution， efficacy， indications， dosage decoctions， and modern clinical disease spectrum of Shengma Gegentang. The results indicated that the earliest record of Shengma Gegentang can be found in the Taiping Huimin Heji Jufang of the Song dynasty， but its origin can be traced back to the Shaoyao Siwu Jiejitang in the Beiji Qianjin Yaofang of the Tang dynasty. The composition dosage of Shengma Gegentang is 413 g of Cimicifugae Rhizoma， 619.5 g of Puerariae Lobatae Radix， 413 g of Paeoniae Radix Alba， and 413 g of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma， which are ground into coarse powder. Each dose is 12.39 g， and the amount of water added is 300 mL. 100 mL of solution is decocted and taken at the right time. The four drugs in the formula play the role of relieving exterior syndrome， penetrating pathogenic factors， and detoxicating together. Its indications are widely involved in internal medicine， pediatrics， surgery， ophthalmology and otorhinolaryngology， obstetrics and gynecology， sexually transmitted diseases， and other diseases， such as measles， sores， acne， spots， surgical gangrene， red eyes， toothache， chancre， and fetal poison. The epidemic diseases treated by Shengma Gegentang are complicated， including rash， pox， macula， numbness， summer diarrhea， dysentery， sha disease， febrile symptoms， spring warmth， winter warmth， and cold pestilence. At the same time， it is a plague prevention formula. Although Shengma Gegentang has a wide range of indications， it cannot be separated from the pathogenic mechanism of evil Qi blocking the muscle surface and heat in the lungs and stomach. The modern clinical disease spectrum of Shengma Gegentang involves the ophthalmology and otorhinolaryngology system， nervous system， pediatric-related diseases and syndromes， skin system， hepatobiliary system， and digestive system. It plays a key role in the treatment of epidemic diseases such as measles， chronic hepatitis B， dysentery， and tetanus.

Neuroscience is a significant frontier discipline within the natural sciences and has become an important interdisciplinary frontier scientific field. Brain is one of the most complex organs in the human body, and its structural and functional analysis is considered the “ultimate frontier” of human self-awareness and exploration of nature. Driven by the strategic layout of “China Brain Project”, Chinese scientists have conducted systematic research focusing on “understanding the brain, simulating the brain, and protecting the brain”. They have made breakthrough progress in areas such as the principles of brain cognition, mechanisms and interventions for brain diseases, brain-like computation, and applications of brain-machine intelligence technology, aiming to enhance brain health through biomedical technology and improve the quality of human life. Due to limited understanding and comprehension of neuroscience, there are still many important unresolved issues in the field of neuroscience, resulting in a lack of effective measures to prevent and protect brain health. Therefore, in addition to actively developing new generation drugs, exploring non pharmacological treatment strategies with better health benefits and higher safety is particularly important. Epidemiological data shows that, exercise is not only an indispensable part of daily life but also an important non-pharmacological approach for protecting brain health and preventing neurodegenerative diseases, forming an emerging research field known as motor neuroscience. Basic research in motor neuroscience primarily focuses on analyzing the dynamic coding mechanisms of neural circuits involved in motor control, breakthroughs in motor neuroscience research depend on the construction of dynamic monitoring systems across temporal and spatial scales. Therefore, high spatiotemporal resolution detection of movement processes and movement-induced changes in brain structure and neural activity signals is an important technical foundation for conducting motor neuroscience research and has developed a set of tools based on traditional neuroscience methods combined with novel motor behavior decoding technologies, providing an innovative technical platform for motor neuroscience research. The protective effect of exercise in neurodegenerative diseases provides broad application prospects for its clinical translation. Applied research in motor neuroscience centers on deciphering the regulatory networks of neuroprotective molecules mediated by exercise. From the perspectives of exercise promoting neurogenesis and regeneration, enhancing synaptic plasticity, modulating neuronal functional activity, and remodeling the molecular homeostasis of the neuronal microenvironment, it aims to improve cognitive function and reduce the incidence of Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease. This has also advanced research into the molecular regulatory networks mediating exercise-induced neuroprotection and facilitated the clinical application and promotion of exercise rehabilitation strategies. Multidimensional analysis of exercise-regulated neural plasticity is the theoretical basis for elucidating the brain-protective mechanisms mediated by exercise and developing intervention strategies for neurological diseases. Thus,real-time analysis of different neural signals during active exercise is needed to study the health effects of exercise throughout the entire life cycle and enhance lifelong sports awareness. Therefore, this article will systematically summarize the innovative technological developments in motor neuroscience research, review the mechanisms of neural plasticity that exercise utilizes to protect the brain, and explore the role of exercise in the prevention and treatment of major neurodegenerative diseases. This aims to provide new ideas for future theoretical innovations and clinical applications in the field of exercise-induced brain protection.

OBJECTIVE To establish HPLC fingerprint for Jianpi hewei formula （JPHWF）， conduct chemical pattern recognition analysis， and determine the contents of seven components in the formula， aiming to provide a scientific basis for quality control and further research of JPHWF. METHODS Taking 15 batches of standard decoctions of JPHWF as samples， the HPLC fingerprint was established using the Similarity Evaluation System of TCM Chromatographic Fingerprint （2012 edition）. Subsequently， similarity evaluation， as well as identification and attribution analysis of chromatographic peaks， were conducted. Using the common peak areas from the 15 batches of samples as variables， chemical pattern recognition analyses were performed on the samples through hierarchical cluster analysis， principal component analysis， and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis. The contents of adenine， 5-hydroxymethylfurfural， tetrahydropalmatine， naringin， dehydrocorydaline， neohesperidin and glycyrrhizic acid in 15 batches of samples were determined by HPLC. RESULTS There were 19 common peaks in the characteristic chromatograms for 15 batches of samples with the similarities of more than 0.95. Results of chemical pattern recognition analysis showed that 15 batches of samples could be clustered into 3 categories， and 3 differential compounds were found [peak 7 （5- hydroxymethylfurfural）， peak 17 （neohesperidin）， and peak 15 （naringin）]. The 7 components were linearly good in the respective concentration ranges （R2≥0.999 4）； RSDs of precision， stability and repeatability tests were less than 2% （n＝6）； the average recovery rate of 98.95%-103.81%， RSD of 0.61%-2.75% （n＝6）； the contents of them were 0.031-0.106， 0.267-0.824， 0.089- 0.144， 1.344-2.091， 0.089-0.178， 1.328-2.028， 0.040-0.150 mg/g， respectively. CONCLUSIONS Established HPLC fingerprinting method coupled with multi-index content determination is validated to be accurate and reliable， and its combination with chemical pattern recognition analysis can be applied to the quality control of JPHWF.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of leaflet augmentation technique to repair the recurrent mitral valve (MV) regurgitation after mitral repair in children. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of children who underwent redo MV repair for recurrent regurgitation after initial MV repair, using a leaflet augmentation technique combined with a standardized repair strategy at Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, from 2018 to 2022. The pathological features of the MV, key intraoperative procedures, and short- to mid-term follow-up outcomes were analyzed. Results A total of 24 patients (12 male, 12 female) were included, with a median age of 37.6 (range, 16.5–120.0) months. The mean interval from the initial surgery was (24.9±17.0) months. All children had severe mitral regurgitation preoperatively. The cardiopulmonary bypass time was (150.1±49.5) min, and the aortic cross-clamp time was (94.0±24.2) min. There were no early postoperative deaths. During a mean follow-up of (20.3±9.1) months, 3 (12.5%) patients developed moderate or severe mitral regurgitation (2 severe, 1 moderate). One (4.2%) patient died during follow-up, and one (4.2%) patient underwent a second MV reoperation. The left ventricular end-diastolic diameter was significantly reduced postoperatively compared to preoperatively [ (43.5±8.6) mm vs. (35.8±7.8)mm, P<0.001]. Conclusion The leaflet augmentation technique combined with a standardized repair strategy can achieve satisfactory short- to mid-term outcomes for the redo mitral repair after previous MV repair. It can be considered a safe and feasible technical option for cases with complex valvular lesions and severe pathological changes.

Objective To investigate the relationship between serum solute carrier family 7 member 11(SLC7A11)and Janus kinase 2(JAK2)levels and the severity and prognosis of acute non-variceal upper gas-trointestinal bleeding(ANVUGIB).Methods A total of 108 patients with ANVUGIB who were treated in the hospital from April 2019 to April 2023 were selected and divided into severe group(31 cases),moderate group(44 cases)and mild group(33 cases)according to the severity of ANVUGIB.The patients were divided into poor prognosis group(41 cases)and good prognosis group(67 cases)according to their prognosis.An-other 50 healthy volunteers who underwent physical examination in the hospital during the same period were selected as the control group.Serum SLC7A11 and JAK2 levels were detected by enzyme-linked immunosor-bent assay.Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between serum SLC7A11 and JAK2 levels and Framingham risk score(FRS)and Glasweg-Blatchford bleeding score(GBS).Multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of poor prognosis in patients with ANVUGIB.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to analyze the predictive value of serum SLC7A11 and JAK2 for poor prognosis in patients with ANVUGIB.Results The serum SLC7A11 level was significantly lower and the serum JAK2 level was significantly higher in the three groups of ANVUGIB patients than in the control group(all P＜0.05).As the severity of the disease increased,the serum SLC7A11 level gradually de-creased,and the serum JAK2 level,FRS and GBS scores gradually increased(all P＜0.05).In ANVUGIB pa-tients,serum SLC7A11 level was negatively correlated with FRS and GBS scores,and serum JAK2 level was positively correlated with FRS and GBS scores(all P＜0.05).Compared with the good prognosis group,the poor prognosis group had significantly higher proportion of patients with bleeding volume＞400 mL,red blood cell distribution width,FRS score,GBS score,and JAK2 level,and significantly lower levels of hemoglo-bin and SLC7A11(P＜0.05).Bleeding volume＞400 mL and elevated JAK2 level were risk factors for poor prognosis in ANVUGIB patients,while elevated SLC7A11 level was a protective factor(all P＜0.05).The ar-ea under the curve of combined SLC7A11 and JAK2 in predicting poor prognosis of ANVUGIB patients was better than that of each index alone(Zcombination-SLC7A11=3.086,Zcombination JAK2=2.330,P=0.020,0.030).Conclu-sion The decrease of SLC7A11 level and increase of JAK2 level in patients with ANVUGIB can effectively e-valuate the severity and prognosis of patients,and the combination of the two can predict the prognosis of pa-tients with ANVUGIB.

OBJECTIVE To explore the role and mechanism of dental pulp stem cells(DPSCs)in repairing hypoxic injury to rats pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells(PMVECs).METHODS ①PMVECs were treated with cobalt chloride at 0,10,25,50 and 100 μmol·L-1 for 72 h.CCK-8 was used to detect the cell viability,and the protein levels of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α(HIF-1α),zona occludens small-band protein 1(ZO-1),and occludin(OCLN)were detected by Western blotting.②There was a cell control group,model group,and model+DPSCs group,and the levels of reactive oxygen species(ROS)was detected by immunofluorescence staining after at 24 and 48 h of action.The levels of ZO-1 and OCLN proteins were detected by Western blotting.③ A cell control group,model group,model+DPSC group and model+DPSC cell knockdown superoxide dismutase 1(SOD1)group were set up.The mRNA level of SOD1 was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR 24 and 48 h later,while the protein levels of ZO-1 and OCLN were detected by Western blotting.RESULTS ① Com-pared with the cell control group,72 h of cobalt chloride 100 μmol·L-1 treatment of PMVECs resulted in a cell survival rate above 80%,a significant increase in the level of HIF-1α protein(P<0.05),a signifi-cant decrease in the levels of ZO-1 and OCLN proteins(P<0.01),and establishment of a model of hypoxic injury in PMVECs.② Compared with the cell control group,the ROS level was significantly higher in the model group(P<0.01).Compared with the model group,the ROS level was significantly lower in the model+DPSCs group(P<0.01),while the levels of ZO-1 and OCLN proteins were signifi-cantly higher in the model+DPSCs group(P<0.05).③ Compared with the DPSC group,ZO-1 and OCLN expressions were significantly decreased after knockdown of SOD1 in DPSCs(P<0.05,P<0.01).CONCLUSIONS DPSCs can repair hypoxic injury to PMVECs,and the anti-oxidative stress capacity of DPSCs plays an important role in hypoxic injury repair of PMVECs.

Objective To observe the value of residual neural network(ResNet)-101-feature pyramid network(FPN)model based on CT for differentiating benign and malignant lung nodules.Methods Totally 2 040 lung nodules in 2 000 patients were retrospectively enrolled,including 1 150 benign and 890 malignant nodules.The nodules were divided into training set(n=1 632)and test set(n=408)at the ratio of 8∶2,the former including 881 benign and 751 malignant ones,while the latter including 269 benign and 139 malignant ones,respectively.Taken ResNet-101 as the backbone network,combined with FPN,a classification model was established based on chest CT,and the efficiency of this model alone and combined with evaluation of physicians for differentiating benign and malignant lung nodules were evaluated.Results Among 269 benign lung nodules in test set,ResNet-101-FPN model alone correctly diagnosed 214 nodules(214/269,79.55%),while combined with evaluation of physicians correctly diagnosed 230 ones(230/269,85.50%).For 139 malignant nodules in test set,ResNet-101-FPN model alone correctly diagnosed 124 nodules(124/139,89.21%),while combined with evaluation of physicians correctly diagnosed 131 ones(131/139,94.24%).The sensitivity,accuracy and precision of ResNet-101-FPN model combined with evaluation of physicians for distinguishing benign and malignant lung nodules were all higher,while the specificity of the combination was lower than those of ResNet-101-FPN model alone,but the differences were not significant(all P＞0.05).Conclusion ResNet-101-FPN model could be used to distinguish benign and malignant lung nodules based on CT.Combining with evaluation of physicians could improve diagnostic efficiency of this model.

Trigeminal neuralgia(TN)is a common neurological disease in clinical practice,which often causes unbearable pain to patients.This paper reported a rare case of idiopathic TN after external carotid artery stenting(ECAS)and analyzed the cause.It is considered to be related to the compression and impact to the trigeminal nerve from the blood flow of the maxillary artery which had been improved after ECAS.TN was effectively relieved after treatment with carbamazepine,and not any discomfort was observed at 1-week follow-up after discharge.Currently,TN of this patient has been well controlled.Since there are no any relevant reports in clinical practice,this case report is provided to clinical physicians for reference and discussion.

The distribution of Ixodes and Ana plasma carried by Ixodes ticks in Anhui Province was clarified as reference for prevention and control of anaplasmosis.In total,630 hard ticks were collected from Jinzhai County,Hanshan County,Jing-de County and Chaohu City in Anhui Province from April to August 2023.Ticks were identified by morphological analysis and 16S rRNA sequencing.Nested PCR with Anaplasma species-specific primers were used to detect 16S rRNA of Anaplasma spe-cies carried by ticks.A phylogenetic tree was constructed using MEGA11.0 software.Of the identified ticks,18.8％(18/96)were Rhipicephalus microplus and 81.2％(78/96)were Haemaphysalis longicorni in Jinzhai County of Anhui Province,all were H.longicorni in Hanshan County and Chaohu City,while the main species in Jingde County was R.microplus.The posi-tive rate of Anaplasma carried by H.longicornis was 30.9％(102/330),which included A.bovis at 1.8％(6/330),A.phagocytophilum at 21.8％(72/330)and uncultured Anaplasma species at 7.3％(24/330).R.microplus was positively cor-related to A.bovis(13.6％,18/132).The uncultured Anaplasma species was mainly detected in host-free ticks.A.phagocy-tophilum was detected in 24.4％of parasitic ticks and 15.8％of host-free ticks.The positive rates of host-free and parasitic ticks were 19.9％and 17.8％,respectively.These results show that H.longicornis and R.microplus were the dominant ticks in several counties of Anhui Province.H.longicornis and R.microplus as well as free and parasitic ticks all carried Anaplas-ma.