Bronchial asthma (asthma) is a complex inflammatory airway disease affecting approximately 100 million children worldwide, imposing a heavy burden on society and families. Studies have shown that the gut microbiota plays a significant role in the occurrence and development of childhood asthma. This paper reviews the research progress on the relationship between gut microbiota and childhood asthma. By elucidating the composition, function, and relationship with the host of gut microbiota, the impact of changes in its composition and function on the development of asthma is revealed. Furthermore, the potential value and application prospects of modulating gut microbiota as a new strategy for asthma treatment are discussed, providing a theoretical reference for in-depth research on the relationship between gut microbiota and the onset of childhood asthma and the development of new therapeutic approaches.
Humans ; Asthma/etiology* ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology* ; Child

Vertebral refracture following percutaneous vertebral augmentation (PVA) is commonly seen in elderly patients with osteoporotic thoracolumbar compression fractures (OTLCF). It can lead to recurrent pain, loss of vertebral height, progression of kyphosis, and even neurological dysfunction, significantly impairing patients′ quality of life. Current diagnosis and treatment face multiple challenges, including high misdiagnosis rate, difficulty in choosing between surgical and non-surgical treatment options, lack of standardized surgical protocols, interference from intralesional bone cement during procedures, inadequate stability of internal fixation in osteoporotic bone, and suboptimal compliance of anti-osteoporotic therapy. Establishing a standardized diagnostic and therapeutic framework is urgently needed. To standardize the management process and improve outcomes for vertebral refractures after PVA in elderly OTLCF patients, Spinal Trauma Group of the Orthopedic Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association organized experts in the field to develop Guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of vertebral refracture after percutaneous vertebral augmentation in elderly patients with osteoporotic thoracolumbar compression fractures ( version 2025), based on current literature and clinical experience, and adhering to principles of scientific rigor and clinical applicability. A total of 11 recommendations were proposed, encompassing diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of vertebral refracture after PVA in elderly patients with OTLCF, aiming to provide a foundation for a standardized management.

Objective To prepare a stable rat model of chronic liver failure to provide a tool for basic research.Methods Sixty-six SPF SD rats were divided into a normal group(n=18)and a modeling group(n=48).Rats in the modeling group received an intraperitoneal injection of 50％CCl4 olive oil solution(1.5 mL/kg,twice a week).Multidimensional assessment was performed at 8,16,and 24 weeks,respectively,including ultrasonic examination of liver morphology,hardness,portal vein diameter,and ascites,and collection of serum,plasma,and liver tissue to detect liver function,coagulation function,and blood ammonia levels.Liver tissue injury and fibrosis were observed by hematoxylin-eosin(HE)and Masson staining.Cognitive function was assessed using the water maze test.Survival were recorded simultaneously.Results Rats in the model group showed decreased activity and appetite,yellow urine,and increased abdominal circumference compared with the normal group.Ultrasound showed enhanced liver parenchyma echo in the model group that thickened with time,secondary ascites formation,portal vein dilation,and portal hypertension.Water maze and blood ammonia tests confirmed cognitive decline(memory and orientation loss)and hepatic encephalopathy in the model group.Gross observation showed that the liver in the model group was atrophied and appeared rough and uneven.HE staining showed hepatocyte swelling,steatosis,and necrosis,and Masson staining confirmed fibrosis progression with pseudolobule formation.The liver function indexes AST,ALT,TBIL and blood ammonia continued to increase,and coagulation dysfunction(prolonged PT and increased INR)gradually increased with the modeling process.Conclusions Intraperitoneal injection of 50％CCl4 olive oil solution(1.5 mL/kg,every week)for 24 weeks can stably simulate persistent chronic liver injury in rats and lead to the typical pathological changes and complications of chronic liver failure,based on the decompensation stage of cirrhosis.This model replicates the pathological evolution of human hepatitis from liver fibrosis → liver cirrhosis compensation → decompensation → chronic liver failure,providing a reliable modeling reference for the study of the mechanism of chronic liver failure.

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of stamp skin grafting combined with vacuum sealing drainage in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers.Methods:A prospective study was conducted involving 80 patients with diabetic foot ulcers admitted to Lishui Central Hospital from January 2020 to December 2022. The patients were divided into an observation group and a control group, with 40 patients in each group, using a random number table method. The control group received treatment with vacuum-sealing drainage technology, while the observation group was treated with stamp skin grafting combined with vacuum sealing drainage. The two groups were compared based on several perioperative indicators, including wound healing time, length of hospital stay, number of dressing changes, and progress of granulation tissue growth. Pain levels were assessed using the Visual Analog Scale. Additionally, dorsalis pedis blood flow dynamics were evaluated, focusing on the diameter of the dorsalis pedis artery and arterial blood flow velocity. Foot function was assessed using the Maryland Foot Function Scale. The occurrence of postoperative complications was recorded.Results:The wound healing time and length of hospital stay in the observation group were (21.54 ± 5.32) days and (27.08 ± 5.97) days, respectively, which were significantly shorter than those in the control group [(26.69 ± 5.66) days, (31.49 ± 6.80) days, t = 4.19, 3.08, both P < 0.05]. The number of dressing changes in the observation group was (5.11 ± 1.14), which was significantly fewer than that in the control group [(8.07 ± 1.59), t = 9.56, P < 0.001]. The progress of granulation tissue growth in the observation group [(3.12 ± 0.64) mm] was faster that in the control group [(2.09 ± 0.48) mm, t = 8.14, P < 0.001]. At 1, 2, and 3 months post-surgery, the Visual Analog Scale scores for the observation group were (3.52 ± 0.65), (2.33 ± 0.42), and (1.40 ± 0.26), respectively, which were significantly lower than those in the control group [(3.96 ± 0.71), (2.74 ± 0.44), (1.78 ± 0.34), t = 2.89, 4.26, 5.615, all P < 0.05). At 3 months post-surgery, the diameter of the dorsalis pedis artery and arterial blood flow velocity in the observation group were (2.64 ± 0.44) mm and (36.42 ± 6.28) cm/s, respectively, which were greater than those in control group [(2.18 ± 0.41) mm, (30.97 ± 5.33) cm/s, t = 4.83, 4.18, both P < 0.001]. At 3 months post-surgery, the scores for pain, foot function, appearance, and range of motion in the observation group were (39.28 ± 6.70), (48.10 ± 7.22), (7.94 ± 1.54), and (12.15 ± 2.35), respectively, which were significantly higher than those in the control group [(33.46 ± 6.89), (43.08 ± 6.68), (5.38 ± 1.06), and (10.69 ± 2.16), t = 3.83, 3.22, 8.66, 2.89, all P < 0.05]. There was no statistically significant difference in the overall incidence of postoperative complications, including skin flap necrosis/dislocation, hematoma accumulation, infection, and ulcer recurrence, between the two groups ( P > 0.05). Conclusions:Stamp skin grafting combined with vacuum sealing drainage can significantly accelerate wound healing in patients with diabetic foot ulcers, reduce postoperative pain, improve dorsalis pedis blood flow dynamics, enhance foot function, and demonstrate good safety.

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of stamp skin grafting combined with vacuum sealing drainage in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers.Methods:A prospective study was conducted involving 80 patients with diabetic foot ulcers admitted to Lishui Central Hospital from January 2020 to December 2022. The patients were divided into an observation group and a control group, with 40 patients in each group, using a random number table method. The control group received treatment with vacuum-sealing drainage technology, while the observation group was treated with stamp skin grafting combined with vacuum sealing drainage. The two groups were compared based on several perioperative indicators, including wound healing time, length of hospital stay, number of dressing changes, and progress of granulation tissue growth. Pain levels were assessed using the Visual Analog Scale. Additionally, dorsalis pedis blood flow dynamics were evaluated, focusing on the diameter of the dorsalis pedis artery and arterial blood flow velocity. Foot function was assessed using the Maryland Foot Function Scale. The occurrence of postoperative complications was recorded.Results:The wound healing time and length of hospital stay in the observation group were (21.54 ± 5.32) days and (27.08 ± 5.97) days, respectively, which were significantly shorter than those in the control group [(26.69 ± 5.66) days, (31.49 ± 6.80) days, t = 4.19, 3.08, both P < 0.05]. The number of dressing changes in the observation group was (5.11 ± 1.14), which was significantly fewer than that in the control group [(8.07 ± 1.59), t = 9.56, P < 0.001]. The progress of granulation tissue growth in the observation group [(3.12 ± 0.64) mm] was faster that in the control group [(2.09 ± 0.48) mm, t = 8.14, P < 0.001]. At 1, 2, and 3 months post-surgery, the Visual Analog Scale scores for the observation group were (3.52 ± 0.65), (2.33 ± 0.42), and (1.40 ± 0.26), respectively, which were significantly lower than those in the control group [(3.96 ± 0.71), (2.74 ± 0.44), (1.78 ± 0.34), t = 2.89, 4.26, 5.615, all P < 0.05). At 3 months post-surgery, the diameter of the dorsalis pedis artery and arterial blood flow velocity in the observation group were (2.64 ± 0.44) mm and (36.42 ± 6.28) cm/s, respectively, which were greater than those in control group [(2.18 ± 0.41) mm, (30.97 ± 5.33) cm/s, t = 4.83, 4.18, both P < 0.001]. At 3 months post-surgery, the scores for pain, foot function, appearance, and range of motion in the observation group were (39.28 ± 6.70), (48.10 ± 7.22), (7.94 ± 1.54), and (12.15 ± 2.35), respectively, which were significantly higher than those in the control group [(33.46 ± 6.89), (43.08 ± 6.68), (5.38 ± 1.06), and (10.69 ± 2.16), t = 3.83, 3.22, 8.66, 2.89, all P < 0.05]. There was no statistically significant difference in the overall incidence of postoperative complications, including skin flap necrosis/dislocation, hematoma accumulation, infection, and ulcer recurrence, between the two groups ( P > 0.05). Conclusions:Stamp skin grafting combined with vacuum sealing drainage can significantly accelerate wound healing in patients with diabetic foot ulcers, reduce postoperative pain, improve dorsalis pedis blood flow dynamics, enhance foot function, and demonstrate good safety.

Objective To prepare a stable rat model of chronic liver failure to provide a tool for basic research.Methods Sixty-six SPF SD rats were divided into a normal group(n=18)and a modeling group(n=48).Rats in the modeling group received an intraperitoneal injection of 50％CCl4 olive oil solution(1.5 mL/kg,twice a week).Multidimensional assessment was performed at 8,16,and 24 weeks,respectively,including ultrasonic examination of liver morphology,hardness,portal vein diameter,and ascites,and collection of serum,plasma,and liver tissue to detect liver function,coagulation function,and blood ammonia levels.Liver tissue injury and fibrosis were observed by hematoxylin-eosin(HE)and Masson staining.Cognitive function was assessed using the water maze test.Survival were recorded simultaneously.Results Rats in the model group showed decreased activity and appetite,yellow urine,and increased abdominal circumference compared with the normal group.Ultrasound showed enhanced liver parenchyma echo in the model group that thickened with time,secondary ascites formation,portal vein dilation,and portal hypertension.Water maze and blood ammonia tests confirmed cognitive decline(memory and orientation loss)and hepatic encephalopathy in the model group.Gross observation showed that the liver in the model group was atrophied and appeared rough and uneven.HE staining showed hepatocyte swelling,steatosis,and necrosis,and Masson staining confirmed fibrosis progression with pseudolobule formation.The liver function indexes AST,ALT,TBIL and blood ammonia continued to increase,and coagulation dysfunction(prolonged PT and increased INR)gradually increased with the modeling process.Conclusions Intraperitoneal injection of 50％CCl4 olive oil solution(1.5 mL/kg,every week)for 24 weeks can stably simulate persistent chronic liver injury in rats and lead to the typical pathological changes and complications of chronic liver failure,based on the decompensation stage of cirrhosis.This model replicates the pathological evolution of human hepatitis from liver fibrosis → liver cirrhosis compensation → decompensation → chronic liver failure,providing a reliable modeling reference for the study of the mechanism of chronic liver failure.

Vertebral refracture following percutaneous vertebral augmentation (PVA) is commonly seen in elderly patients with osteoporotic thoracolumbar compression fractures (OTLCF). It can lead to recurrent pain, loss of vertebral height, progression of kyphosis, and even neurological dysfunction, significantly impairing patients′ quality of life. Current diagnosis and treatment face multiple challenges, including high misdiagnosis rate, difficulty in choosing between surgical and non-surgical treatment options, lack of standardized surgical protocols, interference from intralesional bone cement during procedures, inadequate stability of internal fixation in osteoporotic bone, and suboptimal compliance of anti-osteoporotic therapy. Establishing a standardized diagnostic and therapeutic framework is urgently needed. To standardize the management process and improve outcomes for vertebral refractures after PVA in elderly OTLCF patients, Spinal Trauma Group of the Orthopedic Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association organized experts in the field to develop Guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of vertebral refracture after percutaneous vertebral augmentation in elderly patients with osteoporotic thoracolumbar compression fractures ( version 2025), based on current literature and clinical experience, and adhering to principles of scientific rigor and clinical applicability. A total of 11 recommendations were proposed, encompassing diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of vertebral refracture after PVA in elderly patients with OTLCF, aiming to provide a foundation for a standardized management.

Objective To investigate the infection status and changing trend of hepatitis C virus(HCV)infection in hospitalized patients in medical institutions,and provide reference for formulating HCV infection prevention and control strategies.Methods HCV infection surveillance results from cross-sectional survey data reported to China Healthcare-associated Infection(HAI)Surveillance System in 2020 were summarized and analyzed,HCV positive was serum anti-HCV positive or HCV RNA positive,survey result was compared with the survey results from 2003.Results In 2020,1 071 368 inpatients in 1 573 hospitals were surveyed,738 535 of whom underwent HCV test,4 014 patients were infected with HCV,with a detection rate of 68.93％and a HCV positive rate of 0.54％.The positive rate of HCV in male and female patients were 0.60％and 0.48％,respectively,with a statistically sig-nificant difference(x2=47.18,P＜0.001).The HCV positive rate in the 50-＜60 age group was the highest(0.76％),followed by the 40-＜50 age group(0.71％).Difference among all age groups was statistically signifi-cant(x2=696.74,P＜0.001).In 2003,91 113 inpatients were surveyed.35 145 of whom underwent HCV test,resulting in a detection rate of 38.57％;775 patients were infected with HCV,with a positive rate of 2.21％.In 2020,HCV positive rates in hospitals of different scales were 0.46％-0.63％,with the highest in hospital with bed numbers ranging 600-899.Patients'HCV positive rates in hospitals of different scales was statistically signifi-cant(X2=35.34,P＜0.001).In 2020,12 provinces/municipalities had over 10 000 patients underwent HCV-rela-ted test,and HCV positive rates ranged 0.19％-0.81％,with the highest rate from Hainan Province.HCV posi-tive rates in different departments were 0.06％-0.82％,with the lowest positive rate in the department of pedia-trics and the highest in the department of internal medicine.In 2003 and 2020,HCV positive rates in the depart-ment of infectious diseases were the highest,being 7.95％and 3.48％,respectively.Followed by departments of orthopedics(7.72％),gastroenterology(3.77％),nephrology(3.57％)and general intensive care unit(ICU,3.10％)in 2003,as well as departments of gastroenterology(1.35％),nephrology(1.18％),endocrinology(0.91％),and general intensive care unit(ICU,0.79％)in 2020.Conclusion Compared with 2003,HCV positive rate decreased significantly in 2020.HCV infected patients were mainly from the department of infectious diseases,followed by departments of gastroenterology,nephrology and general ICU.HCV infection positive rate varies with gender,age,and region.

Objective:To summarize and analyze the composition characteristics and problems of basic medical insurance policies for traditional Chinese medicine in various provinces of China,providing reference for optimizing and improving subsequent basic medical insurance policies for traditional Chinese medicine.Methods:Based on the perspective of policy instrument,combined with two dimensions of policy instrument types and policy development process,the content analysis method is used to quantitatively analyze the content of the basic medical insurance policies for traditional Chinese medicine released at the provincial level from 2011 to 2023.Results:The 93 included policy documents were coded and sorted,with a cumulative total of 487 codes.From the perspective of policy instrument dimensions,subcategories of policy instruments involve diverse themes,but there are differences in the level of attention paid to each policy tool.From the perspective of policy development process,each link also presents a discrete trend,indicating a dominant feature of policy planning and implementation.Conclusion:To improve the basic medical insurance policy system of traditional Chinese medicine in China,it is necessary to optimize the combination of policy instrument and construct a coordinated and balanced policy instrument framework;Overall planning of the development process of traditional Chinese medicine medical insurance policies,highlighting the unique advantages of traditional Chinese medicine;Emphasize policy synergy between dimensions and strengthen the implementation of traditional Chinese medicine medical insurance policies.

Objective To observe the protective effect of Zhilong Huoxue Tongyu Capsule(Zhilong Capsule)on myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury(MIRI)in mice,and explore its regulatory mechanism using metabolomics.Methods Using a random number table method,30 C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into the following three groups:sham operation group,model group,and Zhilong Capsule group(6.24 g/kg),with 10 mice in each group.In mice in the model group and the Zhilong Capsule group,a mouse MIRI model was established by ligating the left anterior descending branch,while mice in the sham operation group underwent threading without ligation.The Zhilong Capsule group began modeling one week after pre-administration and continued to receive intragastric administration for two weeks after modeling once daily.The cardiac function,including the left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)and left ventricular fraction shortening(LVFS),was assessed by color echocardiography.The myocardial fibrosis and apoptosis were observed by Masson staining and TUNEL staining,respectively.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure the serum contents of lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)and brain natriuretic peptide(BNP).Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry combined with multivariate statistical method was performed for serum metabolite detection and identification analysis.Results Compared with the model group,the mice in the Zhilong Capsule group exhibited an increase in LVEF and LVFS,a reduction in cardiac tissue structure disorder,a decrease in myocardial fibrosis,a decrease in cell apoptosis rate,and a decrease in serum LDH and BNP contents(P<0.05).Metabolomics result showed that intervention with Zhilong Capsule significantly regulated 30 differential metabolites related to MIRI.Important metabolic pathways involved 20 pathways related to tyrosine metabolism,arginine and proline metabolism,and vitamin digestion and absorption.Conclusion Zhilong Capsule has a protective effect on MIRI,and it may achieve this effect by regulating pathways related to tyrosine metabolism,arginine and proline metabolism,and vitamin digestion and absorption.