AIM:To investigate the effect of apoptosis stimulation protein 2(ASPP2)on the development of traumatic proliferative vitreoretinopathy(PVR)in a rabbit model.METHODS:A total of 30 New Zealand white rabbits were selected, and the right eyes of all rabbits were inflicted with a scleral penetrating wound of approximately 6 mm. Then rabbits were randomly and evenly divided into experimental and control group. The experimental group received an intravitreal injection of 0.1 mL of ARPE-19 cell suspension transfected with lentivirus-ASPP2, while the control group received an intravitreal injection of 0.1 mL of ARPE-19 cell suspension transfected with negative control lentivirus. At 1, 2, 3, and 4 wk after PVR modeling, a handheld tonometer was used to measure the intraocular pressure. Moreover, fundus photography and ocular ultrasound examination were performed to detect the retinal proliferation. At 4 wk after modeling, hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to observe the morphological retinal changes, and Western blot was used to determine the protein expressions of ASPP2 and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)marker Vimentin in the rabbit retinas.RESULTS:At 1, 2, 3, and 4 wk after modeling, there were no significant changes in intraocular pressure within the experimental and control group of rabbit eyes, either before or after PVR modeling, the success rate of PVR modeling in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group(P<0.05), and the retinal proliferation and structural disorder was less severe in the experimental group. At 4 wk after modeling, the retinal protein expression level of ASPP2 in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group(t=3.193, P=0.033), while the Vimentin protein expression level was significantly lower in the experimental group(t=-3.599, P=0.023).CONCLUSION:ASPP2 may be involved in regulating the process of EMT in retinal pigment epithelial cells, thereby delaying the development and progression of traumatic PVR in rabbit eyes.

Osteoporosis is a systemic disease, and epidemiological projections indicate that by 2050, approximately 23.43% of the Chinese population over 50 years of age will be affected. Given the poor prognosis associated with osteoporosis, the exploration of safe and effective natural products is of considerable significance. Studies investigating the chemical constituents of traditional Chinese medicine in cellular and/or animal models have demonstrated bone-protective effects. Although most of these compounds lack clinical data, they hold considerable potential as lead candidates for drug development. In-depth study of the structure-activity relationship of these natural products not only contributes to elucidating the mechanisms of action but also provides a theoretical basis for the development of novel antiosteoporosis therapies. This review summarizes natural products with potential antiosteoporotic effects reported between 2020 and 2024. Overall, plant-derived natural compounds exhibit antiosteoporotic effects by regulating bone remodeling, inflammation, and oxidative stress, highlighting their promise as multitarget therapeutic candidates.

ObjectiveTo analyze the epidemiological characteristics of 21 respiratory pathogens in influenza-like illness (ILI) cases in Jing’an District, Shanghai in 2024, and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of respiratory infectious diseases. MethodsData of1 907 ILI cases at four sentinel hospitals in Jing’an District were collected from January to December 2024. Nasopharyngeal swab samples were collected and tested for 21 respiratory pathogens using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods. Chi-square test and Cochran-Armitage trend test were used for data analyses. ResultsAmong the 1 907 ILI cases, 1 340 were tested positive (70.27%), including 1 160 (60.83%) virus-positive cases, 424 (22.23%) bacteria-positive cases , and 86 (4.51%) positive cases of other pathogens (fungi, mycoplasma, and chlamydia). The top five viruses by detection rate were: influenza virus (14.84%), SARS-CoV-2 (14.47%), rhinovirus (12.69%), adenovirus (7.08%), and parainfluenza virus (6.71%). The top two bacteria by detection rate were Streptococcus pneumoniae (14.47%) and Haemophilus influenzae (10.33%). Among other pathogens (fungi, mycoplasma, and chlamydia), Mycoplasma pneumoniae showed the highest detection rate (4.30%). In terms of age distribution, statistically significant differences were observed in the detection rates of SARS-CoV-2, Legionella, and Klebsiella pneumoniae (P<0.05), with the highest rates found in individuals aged 65 years and above. Statistically significant differences were also found in the detection rates of rhinovirus, adenovirus, enterovirus, common coronavirus, respiratory syncytial virus, bocavirus, parainfluenza virus, human metapenu-movirus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae among different age groups (P<0.05), all showing the highest detection rates in the 0‒<15 years age group. In terms of seasonal distribution, SARS-CoV-2, adenovirus, parainfluenza virus, enterovirus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae showed epidemic peaks in summer; rhinovirus, common coronavirus, bocavirus, and Klebsiella pneumoniae had higher detection rates in autumn. Influenza virus exhibited a peak incidence during winter, while human metapenu-movirus peaked in winter and spring. Significant differences in co-infection detection rates were observed among age groups, with the rate in children aged 0‒<15 years (34.81%) being the highest. The co-infection detection rate was higher in males than in females (P=0.019). Both the single-pathogen detection rate and the co-infection detection rate (P<0.001) varied significantly across seasons: the single-pathogen detection rate was highest in winter (62.06%), while the co-infection detection rate peaked in summer (31.20%) and was lowest in winter (14.52%). ConclusionBased on detection rates, the main pathogens in the ILI population of Jing’an District, Shanghai, 2024 were influenza virus, SARS-CoV-2, rhinovirus, adenovirus, parainfluenza virus, common coronavirus, enterovirus, Human metapenu-movirus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Pathogen detection rates varied by age and season. Coinfection rates were much higher in children than in adults, higher in males than in females, and peaked in summer while being lowest in winter.

Objective To analyze the clinical efficacy and safety of transurethral blue laser vaporization of prostate (BVP) in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and to explore the feasibility of its promotion in primary hospitals. Methods Clinical data of 30 BPH patients undergoing BVP in our hospital during Sep. and Dec. 2024 were retrospectively analyzed. The preoperative prostate volume, decrease in hemoglobin level 2 hours after operation, operation time, postoperative bladder irrigation time, catheter indwelling time, and intra-/postoperative complications were recorded. The changes of international prostate symptom score (IPSS), quality of life (QoL) score, and maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax) were compared before operation and 6 months after operation. Results The mean prostate volume was (46.9±15.7) mL. BVP was successfully completed in 28 patients. The 2 unsuccessful cases (6.7%) converted to transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) due to intraoperative bleeding. For the 28 successful cases, the median postoperative 2-hour hemoglobin decrease was 4 (2, 11) g/L, mean operation time (59.8±13.2) min, median postoperative bladder irrigation time 21 (18, 23) h, median postoperative catheter indwelling time 5 (5, 5) d, and median postoperative hospital stay 6 (5, 6) d. After catheter removal, urinary retention with infection occurred in 1 case (3.6%), and hemorrhage in 1 case (3.6%). No severe complications occurred during the perioperative period. At 6 months postoperatively, the 28 patients showed significant improvement compared to preoperative values in IPSS[11 (10, 11) vs. 22 (21, 26), P＜0.001], QoL score[2 (2, 3) vs. 5 (5, 6), P＜0.001], and Qmax[ (17.2±5.6) mL/s vs. (7.8±1.4) mL/s, P＜0.001]. Conclusion BVP is a safe and effective treatment for BPH, offering advantages such as minimal blood loss, short operation time, and few complications. It effectively improves patients' lower urinary tract symptoms and quality of life, and is recommended for promotion in primary hospitals.

In response to the clinical needs of cancer treatment and rehabilitation, Professor Lin Hongsheng proposed the Wuzhi Wuyang (five treatments and rehabilitation) concept on the basis of years of clinical experience and the Guben Qingyuan (consolidate the foundation and clear the source) theory. Wuzhi Wuyang emphasizes the importance of treatment and rehabilitation and aims to provide personalized and stage-specific treatment and rehabilitation plans by integrating the advantages of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and modern medicine to achieve comprehensive life-cycle management for patients with cancer. The proposal of Wuzhi Wuyang has provided new ideas and methods for the treatment, prevention, and rehabilitation of cancer, along with valuable references for clinical practice and academic research. This article summarizes the connotation of Wuzhi Wuyang and its application in the comprehensive management of cancer prevention and treatment with TCM.

ObjectiveTo explore the impacts of material type and loading volume of rigid containers on the hydrogen peroxide low temperature plasma sterilization of thoracoscopic instruments, to identify the best rigid containers and loading volume of thoracoscopic instruments. MethodsThoracoscopic instruments sterilized by STERRAD^® 100NX hydrogen peroxide low temperature plasma in Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital affiliated to Tongji University from August to September 2024 were selected as the research items. According to the material of rigid containers, the instruments were divided into polyethylene case group (A), stainless steel case group (B) and silicone resin case group (C). In terms of the loading volume, the rigid containers were divided into (loading capacity <80%) groups of 8, 10 and 12 instruments. The results of physical monitoring, the first type of chemical indicator card monitoring, and the five types of card luminal chemical process challenge device (PCD) monitoring of the 9 groups of A8, A10, A12, B8, B10, B12, C8, C10 and C12 were compared and evaluated. ResultsCompared to A8, A10 A12, C8, C10 or C12 groups, the thoracoscope instruments in the stainless steel containers in B8, B10 or B12 group had higher hydrogen peroxide concentrations and shorter elapsed time in the pressure check phases 1 and phases 2, with the differences statistically significant (P<0.05), followed by the silicone resin case group and the polyethylene case group. The nine groups of physical parameter monitoring, the first type of chemical indicator monitoring, and the five types of chemical PCD monitoring for lumen sterilization achieved 100% qualification rates, and there were no significant differences in the qualified rates of sterilization among the 9 groups (P>0.05). ConclusionWhen using hydrogen peroxide low temperature plasma to sterilize thoracoscopic instruments, it is recommended to use stainless steel or silicone resin rigid containers with a controlled loading capacity (≤12) to ensure optimal sterilization quality.

Objective To investigate the effectiveness and safety of drug-eluting beads bronchial arterial chemoembolization(DEB-BACE)versus BACE for the treatment of stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ lung squamous cell carcinoma.Methods A total of 104 patients with stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ lung squamous cell carcinoma,who were admitted to the Lishui Municipal Central Hospital of China between January 2013 and August 2021,were enrolled in this study.According to the therapeutic scheme,the patients were divided into DEB-BACE group(n=41)and BACE group(n=63).For patients of DEB-BACE group,Cisplatin at 75 mg/m2 dose and gemcitabine at 1 000 mg/m2 dose(400 mg was used as loaded-drug dose)were injected through a microcatheter,which was followed by embolization with CalliSpheres microspheres loaded with 400 mg of gemcitabine.For patients of BACE group,Cisplatin at 75 mg/m2 and gemcitabatin at 1 000 mg/m2 were injected through a microcatheter,which was followed by arterial embolization with blank microspheres.Three weeks after DEB-BACE or BACE,the patients of both groups were started on intravenous chemotherapy.The primary study endpoint was overall survival(OS).The secondary study endpoints included progression-free survival(PFS),objective response rate(ORR),disease control rate(DCR),adverse reactions,and the remission rate of dyspnea.Results Of the 104 patients,63 received BACE sequential intravenous chemotherapy and 41 received DEB-BACE sequential intravenous chemotherapy.The median OS in DEB-BACE group was 23.0 moths,which was obviously longer than 12.0 months in BACE group(P=0.009).Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that DEB-BACE treatment was an independent risk factor for OS(HR=0.59,95％ CI:0.38-0.91,Log-rank test P=0.018).Meanwhile,the remission rate of dyspnea in DEB-BACE group was significantly higher than that in BACE group(57.1％ vs 30.6％,P＜0.043).Conclusion Compared with BACE sequential intravenous chemotherapy,DEB-BACE sequential intravenous chemotherapy can significantly prolong the survival time of patients with stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ lung squamous cell carcinoma and significantly improve the symptoms of dyspnea,which has important applications in the treatment of patients with advanced lung squamous cell carcinoma.

Objective To evaluate the predictive abilities of the triglyceride and glucose(TyG)index,metabolic insulin resistance score(METSIR),and ratio of triglyceride to high-density lipopro-tein cholesterol(TG/HDL-C)for the risk of onset and severity of lesions in patients with acute coro-nary syndrome(ACS)complicated with multivessel coronary artery disease.Methods A retrospec-tive analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 260 ACS patients admitted to Yunnan Provincial Third People's Hospital,and the patients were divided into multivessel disease group(n=160)and non-multivessel disease group(n=100);based on the SYNTAX score,the multivessel disease group was further divided into high-risk group with 71 cases(score＞22.5)and low-risk group with 89 cases(score ≤22.5).Results The multivessel disease group had significantly higher proportions of males,history of diabetes,history of smoking,TyG index,METSIR,and TG/HDL-C compared to the non-multivessel disease group(P＜0.05).Correlation analysis showed that the TyG index and TG/HDL-C were significantly positively correlated with the SYNTAX score(P＜0.05),while MET-SIR had no correlation with the SYNTAX score(P＞0.05).Logistic regression analysis indicated that METSIR was an independent risk factor for ACS complicated with multivessel coronary artery disease(P＜0.05),and TyG,METSIR and TG/HDL-C were all independent factors for predicting the severity of lesions(P＜0.05).Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis showed that TyG had the highest predictive value for ACS complicated with multivessel coronary artery dis-ease and its severity(area under the curve was 0.804).Conclusion The TyG index,METSIR,and TG/HDL-C are of great significance in the early identification and assessment of ACS complicat-ed with multi vessel coronary artery disease,with TyG having the highest predictive value.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese exercises (TCE) in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) and to recommend best practices for using TCE to improve neurological function, glycemic control, and psychological well-being.MethodsNine databases were searched from the inception to October 2024. Effect relationships were assessed using meta-analysis with Stata 17, and the methodological quality and certainty of the evidence were evaluated using standard tools.ResultsTwelve studies comprising three study designs (nine randomized controlled, one quasi-experimental controlled, and two single-arm clinical trials), were identified. Compared with usual care, TCE improved various indicators and enhanced the nerve conduction velocities of the peroneal motor (mean difference [MD] = 3.86 m/s, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.38 to 7.34, P = .03), sural sensory (MD = 4.15 m/s, 95% CI: 0.68 to 7.63, P = .02), median motor (MD = 3.84 m/s, 95% CI: 2.14 to 5.54, P .001), and median sensory nerves (MD = 6.14 m/s, 95% CI: 4.54 to 7.74, P .001). TCE practices also reduced glycosylated hemoglobin level (MD = −0.59%, 95% CI: −0.91 to −0.27, P .001) and fasting blood glucose (standardized mean difference [SMD] = −1.08, 95% CI: −1.79 to −0.37, P .001). The overall quality of evidence was very low.ConclusionThe results indicate that TCE therapy improves certain outcomes in patients with DPN. Although the optimal type, intensity, frequency, and duration of TCE interventions are uncertain, these preliminary findings suggest that TCE should be further studied as a potentially affordable and effective treatment for DPN.

Objective To perform single-molecule, real-time sequencing of ceftazidime-avibactam (CAZ-AVI)-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and to investigate the mechanism underlying ceftazidime-avibactam resistance in P. aeruginosa. Methods The susceptibility of 89 P. aeruginosa isolates randomly sampled from clinical specimens in Sanming First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University from November 2021 through July 2023 to common antimicrobial agents was tested, and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of CAZ-AVI was determined against P. aeruginosa with a broth microdilution assay, with CAZ-AVI MICs of 8 mg/L and lower defined as susceptible and 16 mg/L and higher as resistant. The expression of drug-resistant genes ampC, oxa-488, oprD, mexA, oxa-10, oxa-14, vim and tem was quantified in P. aeruginosa using a real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qPCR) assay. CAZ-AVI-susceptible and -resistant P. aeruginosa isolates from the same case were selected for PacBio single-molecule, real-time sequencing, and sequencing results were subjected to genome structure and Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) functional annotations. Results The 89 P. aeruginosa isolates showed a relatively high level of resistance to meropenem (75.28%) and imipenem (74.16%) and the highest susceptibility to amikacin (91.01%). There were 49 CAZ-AVI-resistant P. aeruginosa isolates and 40 susceptible isolates. qPCR assay detected lower oprD gene expression in CAZ-AVI-resistant P. aeruginosa isolates [0.104 (2.385)] than in susceptible isolates [0.551 (17.885)] (Z = -2.958, P < 0.01), and there were no significant differences between CAZ-AVI-susceptible and -resistant P. aeruginosa isolates in terms of ampC, oxa-488, mexA or tem gene expression (all P values > 0.05), while oxa-10, oxa-14 and vim gene was expressed in few P. aeruginosa isolates. There were 1 729, 3 936, 3 737 and 3 955 genes in CAZ-AVI-resistant P. aeruginosa isolates PA-762 and PA-M174 and susceptible isolates PA-885 and PA-808 that were annotated to GO terms, with the highest numbers of genes enriched in the molecular function of catalytic activity, high numbers of genes enriched in biological processes of metabolic process, single-organism process and cellular process, and high numbers of genes enriched in cellular components of cell and cell membranes. There were 1 803, 4 084, 3 915 and 4 066 genes in the PA-762, PA-M174, PA-885 and PA-808 isolates enriched in the KEGG signaling pathway, and the majority of genes were enriched in four primary signaling pathways of metabolism, genetic information processing, environmental information processing and cellular process, with the highest number of genes associated with metabolic pathways. Both CAZ-AVI-resistant P. aeruginosa isolates PA-762 and PA-M174 carried multiple efflux pumps systems, including MexAB-OprM, MexCD-OprJ, MexEF-OprN and MexXY-OprM. Single nucleotide substitution was found at position 169 in the DNA sequence of the PA-762 isolate, leading to substitution of serine for glycine at position 57 in the protein sequence, and there are deletions of two bases at positions 307 and 308 in the DNA sequence of the PA-M174 isolate, leading to substitution of threonine for arginine at position 103 in the protein sequence. Conclusion Mutation or downregulation of oprD gene may lead to CAZ-AVI resistance in P. aeruginosa.