Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a kind of progressive neurodegenerative disease, which has become the leading cause of dementia in the elderly. In recent years, non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS), including transcranial magnetic stimulation, transcranial electrical stimulation, focused ultrasound stimulation and transcranial photobiomodulation, has been widely used in AD treatment. Although NIBS can improve the clinical symptoms of AD patients, its efficacy is still controversial. This article reviews the latest research progress in role of NIBS in AD so as to provide reference for clinical workers.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a kind of progressive neurodegenerative disease, which has become the leading cause of dementia in the elderly. In recent years, non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS), including transcranial magnetic stimulation, transcranial electrical stimulation, focused ultrasound stimulation and transcranial photobiomodulation, has been widely used in AD treatment. Although NIBS can improve the clinical symptoms of AD patients, its efficacy is still controversial. This article reviews the latest research progress in role of NIBS in AD so as to provide reference for clinical workers.

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and seasonal distribution of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in a suburban town in Shanghai from 2012 to 2018, and to provide a scientific basis for formulating effective prevention and control strategies. Methods The incidence data of a suburban town in Shanghai from 2012 to 2018 was collected through the Chinese disease prevention and control information system and analyzed by descriptive epidemiological methods. Results From 2012 to 2018, a total of 538 cases of hand, foot and mouth disease were reported in the suburban town in Shanghai, with an average annual incidence of 186.27/100,000. The difference in incidence between each year was statistically significant (χ²=107.95, P<0.05). The age of onset was mainly children under 5 years old. Peak incidence was from May to September. The main occupation was scattered children. HFMD outbreaks mainly occurred in nurseries and schools, accounting for 60.53% of the total number of outbreaks. Conclusion From 2012 to 2018, the incidence of HFMD in a suburban town in Shanghai had a certain seasonality. It is recommended to implement preventive measures against HFMD for key populations and key places before the high incidence period to reduce the occurrence of severe cases and epidemic situations.

PTPN11 is the most common mutation gene of RAS disease, which is located in the upstream of RAS/MAPK pathway and participates in signal transduction. Because the molecular mechanism of RAS's disease involves the same pathway, it may present a certain commonality in clinic, but the different genotypes with PTPN11 mutation may also express different phenotypes. Therefore, it is not easy to identify and diagnose this disease early in clinic. The present article aims to analyze the correlation between the clinical phenotype and genotype of 4 patients with RAS disease.

Objective To explore the skin management methods for preventing pressure ulcers in the patients with aortic dissection surgery. Methods Totals of 134 cases of patients with aortic dissection surgery were implemented the standardized and personalized skin management methods for preventing pressure ulcers. The“Waterlow patients pressure sore risk assessment scale”was applied in assessing the skin condition of preoperative and postoperative patients. The prevention methods according to the risk factors of pressure ulcer,including the targeted health education,improve the compliance of prevention methods;using the silicone gel pad,water gel or foam dressing to decompress the pressurized parts during the operation,when the operation time was over 2 hours, lifted patients' head and foot every half hour and changing stress points;during the postoperative time turning-over and using the air bed. Results The scores of pressure ulcer were(10. 43 ±2. 79)and(13. 93 ±3. 28)before and after surgery. All the 134 patients did not have pressure ulcer before surgery. One day after the operation, 3 patients had phaseⅠpressure ulcer,with an incidence of 2. 24% . Within the 3 cases of pressure ulcer patients, 1 patient was emaciation,2 patients had long operation time(11. 5 and 14. 5 hours,respectively),whose pressure ulcer scores were 22 to 23 belong to the risk level. Conclusions Patients with aortic dissection during perioperative period have a high risk of pressure sores. The implementation of specific preventive measures can effectively reduce the incidence of pressure sores. Long procedure and partial compression caused by fixed position are the greatest difficulties in preventing the pressure sores,and they are also the problems needed to be solved in the future.

Objective To investigate the relationship between hematocrit(HCT) and the risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.Methods A community-based health examination survey in individuals who were randomly selected from residents living in the urban area of Xuzhou was carried out in 2006.2 798 subjects without nonalcoholic fatty liver disease were included in the present study.Subjects were divided into two groups according to HCT level,group A (HCT ≤ 0.49 L/L) and group B (HCT ＞ 0.49 L/L).Serum alanine aminotransferase,aspartate aminotransferase,triglycerides,total cholesterol,high density lipoprotein-cholesterol,low density lipoproteincholesterol,fasting plasma glucose,and imaging examinations were determined.Results The prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease was higher in group B than that in group A (26.5％ vs 15.9％,P＜0.01),and the difference was statistically significant.Logistic regression showed that the incidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease was increased along with elevated levels of HCT.Conclusions HCT is found to be correlated with the prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

Blood transfusion therapy is widerly used in pediatric surgery as it's validity in many acute and chronic pediatric diseases.Compared to adults,pediatric perioperative transfusion therapy,particularly the approach to massive blood transfusion can be quite complex because of the unique physiologic characteristics.Perioperative transfusion therapy in children can cause significant metabolic disturbance,and further,cause severe complications.This paper presents an overview of the physiologic characteristics which related to pediatric perioperative transfusion therapy.And also the metabolisms related to massive perioperative blood transfusion in children.These may accordingly primarily useful to treat the pediatric patients.

Objective To detect the gene mutation of thyroid hormone receptor β ( TRβ ) in a family with thyroid hormone resistance syndrome.Methods The genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes of the patient and his 5 family members.The exons 1-10 ofTRβ gene were amplified by PCR.The products of PCR were sequenced directly to detect the gene mutation.Results Two members of this family were confirmed to have the C y A transition mutation at nucleotide 1642 site within exon 10 of TRβ gene,which was a missense mutation causing the substitution of Proline to Threonine (P453T).The mutation was Heterozygous.Conclusions It was confirmed that the patient has TRβ gene mutation P453T in exon 10.The mutation may lead to the occurrence of thyroid hormone resistance syndrome.

ObjectiveTo examine the relation between pulse wave velocity (PWV) and impaired fasting glucose (IFG),then evaluate the modification effects of age,BMI,hypertension and lipids in Chinese adults.Methods5099 cases from a community-based health examination survey in Xuzhou,Jiangsu prownce,China,were enrolled in this study.Blood pressure,weight,height,waist circumference,neck circumference,body fat ratio and determination of fasting glucose,lipidsand pulse wave velocity were measured in all cases.IFG was defined as 6.1 mmol/L≤FBG ＜7.0 mmol/L.ResultsThe odds ratios (OR,95％ CI ) of IFG across increasing variable of cf-PWV were 1.00,1.07(0.83 - 1.39),1.20( 1.08 -1.34),1.13(1.04 - 1.23),1.14(1.05 - 1.25) ( Pfor trend ＜0.01).Age and neck circumference levels significantly interacted with cf-PWV in relation to IFG risk ( P ＜0.01 ).ConclusionsThe present data indicate serum cf-PWV concentration was associated with the risk of IFG,and the association was modified by age and neck circumference levels.

The relationship between serum uric acid(SUA) and hypertension was investigated and the interactions of SUA with metabolic risk factors was assessed. Blood pressure and biomarkers features were evaluated for all the8 415 individuals from a community-based health examination survey in Xuzhou, and the statistical analysis was made. Raised blood pressure was associated with increased SUA concentration(P＜0.01). Age and high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C) significantly interacted with SUA(P for interaction=0.012 and 0.001, respectively). There is significant association between SUA and hypertension, which may be affected by age and HDL-C levels.