Objective To introduce the concepts and principles of the win ratio method and to analyze it in the context of a case study of a clinical trial in cerebrovascular disease.Methods Based on the study of clopidogrel with aspirin in high risk patients with acute non disabling cerebrovascular events 2,and key prognostic factors,the outcome events were defined sequentially as ① time to death within 90 d,② time to recurrence of ischemic stroke within 90 d,③ time to moderate-to-severe hemorrhage within 90 d.Using clopidogrel combined with aspirin as the reference group,the winning ratio(Rw)of ticagrelor combined with aspirin was analyzed by the win ratio method,and the 95% confidence interval(CI)of Rw was estimated by the Bootstrap method and compared with the hazard ratio(HR)calculated by the competing risk model.Results When only fatal events were considered,the win ratio method suggested that the ticagrelor group was significantly better than the clopidogrel group,Rw=2.00(95% CI:1.52-2.47),and after stepwise inclusion of ischemic stroke and moderate-to-severe hemorrhage recurrence,the win ratio method yielded a value of 1.29(95% CI:1.25-1.57),and the HR value from Fine and Gray competing risk regression was 0.78(95% CI:0.65-0.95),both of which indicated that the efficacy of the ticagrelor group was superior to that of the clopidogrel group.Conclusion The win ratio method can be used to analyze clinical trials with composite endpoints after prioritizing multiple outcome variables,showing the advantages of win ratio and its promising application in cerebrovascular disease research.

Objective:To investigate the level of occupational health literacy (OHL) among workers in the electronic manufacturing industry, analyze the influencing factors, and provide a scientific basis for occupational health promotion work.Methods:From July to September 2022, a stratified cluster random sampling method was adopted, and 870 workers from 20 large, medium, small and micro electronic manufacturing enterprises in Guangdong Province were selected as the research subjects. The OHL level of workers was investigated by using the "Personal Questionnaire for Monitoring and Surveying Occupational Health Literacy of National Key Populations", and the influencing factors were analyzed by binary logistic regression.Results:The OHL level of workers in electronic manufacturing industry was 36.09% (314/870). The OHL levels in the four dimensions of occupational health legal knowledge, basic knowledge of occupational health protection, healthy work methods and behaviors, and basic skills of occupational health protection were 39.08% (340/870), 78.97% (687/870), 56.55% (492/870), and 22.41% (195/870), respectively. logistic regression analysis showed that junior high school, senior high school/vocational high school/technical secondary school education, and average monthly income of 5000-6999 yuan and ≥7000 yuan were protective factors for high OHL levels among workers ( P<0.05) . Conclusion:The OHL level of workers in the electronic manufacturing industry is relatively low, and the promotion and intervention of OHL should be actively carried out to effectively improve the health literacy level of workers, focusing on workers with low education and low income.

Objective:To investigate the level of occupational health literacy (OHL) among workers in the electronic manufacturing industry, analyze the influencing factors, and provide a scientific basis for occupational health promotion work.Methods:From July to September 2022, a stratified cluster random sampling method was adopted, and 870 workers from 20 large, medium, small and micro electronic manufacturing enterprises in Guangdong Province were selected as the research subjects. The OHL level of workers was investigated by using the "Personal Questionnaire for Monitoring and Surveying Occupational Health Literacy of National Key Populations", and the influencing factors were analyzed by binary logistic regression.Results:The OHL level of workers in electronic manufacturing industry was 36.09% (314/870). The OHL levels in the four dimensions of occupational health legal knowledge, basic knowledge of occupational health protection, healthy work methods and behaviors, and basic skills of occupational health protection were 39.08% (340/870), 78.97% (687/870), 56.55% (492/870), and 22.41% (195/870), respectively. logistic regression analysis showed that junior high school, senior high school/vocational high school/technical secondary school education, and average monthly income of 5000-6999 yuan and ≥7000 yuan were protective factors for high OHL levels among workers ( P<0.05) . Conclusion:The OHL level of workers in the electronic manufacturing industry is relatively low, and the promotion and intervention of OHL should be actively carried out to effectively improve the health literacy level of workers, focusing on workers with low education and low income.

Objective To introduce the concepts and principles of the win ratio method and to analyze it in the context of a case study of a clinical trial in cerebrovascular disease.Methods Based on the study of clopidogrel with aspirin in high risk patients with acute non disabling cerebrovascular events 2,and key prognostic factors,the outcome events were defined sequentially as ① time to death within 90 d,② time to recurrence of ischemic stroke within 90 d,③ time to moderate-to-severe hemorrhage within 90 d.Using clopidogrel combined with aspirin as the reference group,the winning ratio(Rw)of ticagrelor combined with aspirin was analyzed by the win ratio method,and the 95% confidence interval(CI)of Rw was estimated by the Bootstrap method and compared with the hazard ratio(HR)calculated by the competing risk model.Results When only fatal events were considered,the win ratio method suggested that the ticagrelor group was significantly better than the clopidogrel group,Rw=2.00(95% CI:1.52-2.47),and after stepwise inclusion of ischemic stroke and moderate-to-severe hemorrhage recurrence,the win ratio method yielded a value of 1.29(95% CI:1.25-1.57),and the HR value from Fine and Gray competing risk regression was 0.78(95% CI:0.65-0.95),both of which indicated that the efficacy of the ticagrelor group was superior to that of the clopidogrel group.Conclusion The win ratio method can be used to analyze clinical trials with composite endpoints after prioritizing multiple outcome variables,showing the advantages of win ratio and its promising application in cerebrovascular disease research.

{L-End}Objective To establish the norm of Core Occupational Stress Scale (COSS) for electronic manufacturing industry workers in China. {L-End}Methods A total of 3 049 workers from five electronic manufacturing enterprises in four prefecture-level cities concentrated distribution of the electronics manufacturing industry in China were selected as research subjects using a stratified sampling method. COSS was used to investigate occupational stress levels, and the mean norm, percentile norm and threshold norms were established. {L-End}Results The average score of COSS for the electronic manufacturing industry workers in China was (43.5±7.4) points, and the average scores of social support, organization and reward, demand and effort, and autonomy dimensions were (9.5±3.1), (15.1±3.9), (13.1±3.0), and (5.7±2.0) points, respectively. A total score of 0.0-<47.0 points was determined as no occupational stress, 47.0-<51.0 points as mild occupational stress, 51.0-≤54.0 points as moderate occupational stress, and >54.0 points as severe occupational stress. {L-End}Conclusion The norm of COSS for workers in China's electronics manufacturing industry has been established, which can provide a reference for the evaluation and intervention of their occupational stress levels.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of 1,2-dichloroethane(1,2-DCE) acute inhalation exposure on the differential gene expression of phase Ⅰ metabolic enzymes. METHODS: The specific pathogen free SD rats were randomly divided into control group(16 rats), low-and high-dose groups(24 rats in each group, half males and half females). Low-and high-dose group were given daily 600, 1 800 mg/m~(3 ) of 1,2-DCE, and the control group given the fresh air by dynamic inhalation for 8 hours per day for consecutive 7 days. After the end of exposure, the relative mRNA expression of cytochrome P450 2 E1(CYP2 E1), alcohol dehydrogenase(ADH1) and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase 3 alpha 1(ALDH3α1) in the liver tissue was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: The relative expression of CYP2 E1 in male high-dose group was higher than that in male low-dose group and female high-dose group(P<0.05). The relative expression of ADH1 in male low-and high-dose groups was higher than that in male control group(P<0.05). The relative expression of ADH1 in male high-dose group was higher than that in male low-dose group and female high-dose group(P<0.05). The relative expression of ALDH3α1 in high-dose group was higher than that in control group and low-dose group(P<0.05). CONCLUSION: High dose 1,2-DCE could increase the gene expression of phase Ⅰ metabolic enzymes in rat liver. The 1,2-DCE has more obvious effect in male rats than in female rats.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of subacute systemic inhalation exposure of 1,2-dichloroethane(1,2-DCE) on learning and memory in NIH mice. METHODS: Forty-five specific pathogen free healthy 7-week-old NIH mice were randomly divided into control,low-dose and high-dose groups with 5 female mice and 10 male mice in each group. The mice were exposed to 1,2-DCE at dosages of 0. 00,100. 00 and 350. 00 mg/m3 for 6 hours per day for consecutive 28 days by dynamic systemic inhalation. The neurobehavioral tests of mice were performed before and after the first to fourth weeks of exposure using the Morris water maze test. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in body weight and swimming speed among the three groups of mice( P > 0. 05). The navigation experiment results showed that the escape latency of mice in both low-and high-dose groups were longer than that of the control group at the same time point(P < 0. 05) during 1-4 weeks after exposure. In the control group,the escape latency was shorter than that of the same group before exposure( P < 0. 05). The escape latency of high-dose group prolonged with the increase of exposure time,and in the 4 th week the escape latency was significantly higher than that of the same group before exposure( P < 0. 05).The experiment results of space exploration indicated that the first time of crossing platform in low-and high-dose groups were longer than that of the control group at the second to the fourth week( P < 0. 05). The target quadrant retention time and the number of crossing the platform in the low-and high-dose groups were lower than those in the control group( P <0. 05). CONCLUSION: Subacute inhalation exposure of 1,2-DCE can impair the learning and memory ability of NIH mice.The high-dose exposure may reduce learning ability in mice in a time-effect manner.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of different anesthetics and blood sampling methods on blood routine test results in experimental animals. METHODS: A total of 42 specific pathogen free( SPF) male Sprague Dawley( SD) rats and 59 SPF male Kunming( KM) mice were randomly divided into 4 groups( control group,ether group,chloral hydrate group and pentobarbital sodium group). Ether group animals were treated with ether inhalation anesthesia; animals in chloral hydrate group and pentobarbital sodium group were injected intraperitoneally with chloral hydrate or pentobarbital sodium. The control group received no anesthesia treatment. Blood samples were collected by different ways: orbital venous plexus,abdominal aorta or eyeball enucleation. White blood cell( WBC) count,red blood cell( RBC) count,platelet(PLT) count,hemoglobin(Hb) level and hematocrit(HCT) in blood samples were analyzed. RESULTS: The RBC count,Hb level and HCT of SD rats in pentobarbital sodium group were significantly lower than those in control group( P <0. 05). The HCT of SD rats in ether group was lower than that in control group( P < 0. 05). The WBC count of orbital venous plexus of KM mice was lower than that taken by eyeball enucleation in control group( P < 0. 05),but the WBC count of orbital venous plexus was higher than that taken by eyeball enucleation in chloral hydrate group( P < 0. 05). The RBC count,Hb level,HCT of KM mice in pentobarbital sodium group were significantly lower than those in control group(P < 0. 05). CONCLUSION: The anesthetic can affect the blood routine test results of experimental animals. Different blood sampling methods have effects on blood routine test results of KM mice.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the molecular mechanism underlying 1,2-dichloroethane(1,2-DCE) induced apoptosis by screening differentially expressed proteins in human astrocytes( HAs). METHODS: HAs were cultured in complete medium with 1,2-DCE at various concentrations of 0-80 or 0-40 mmol/L. After 24 hours,apoptosis of HAs was evaluated using flow cytometry and staining with annexin Ⅴ-fluoresce in isothiocyanate and propidium iodide. An AAH-APO-1-2 protein chip was used to screen differentially expressed proteins and quantitative real-time polymease chain reaction(qRT-PCR) was used to verify related differentially expressed genes(DEGs). RESULTS: At 1,2-DCE concentrations of0-80 mmol/L,the total apoptosis rate of HAs increased with 1,2-DCE concentrations in a dose-dependent manner( P <0. 01). Seven different kinds of proteins were screened out by apoptotic protein chip. Among them,the expression of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein( IGFBP)-1,IGFBP-4 and cytochrome C( Cyto C) were up-regulated,while the expression of P27,cysteine aspartic acid specific protease-3( Caspase-3),B-cell lymphoma-2 interacting mediator of cell death( BIM) and BH3 interacting domain death agonist( BID) were down-regulated compared with the control group. The result of DEGs verified by qRT-PCR showed that the expression of mRNA of IGFBP-1,IGFBP-4 and Cyto C at 1,2-DCE concentrations of 40 mmol/L was up-regulated. This result was in consistent with the trend of target expression in the protein chip. The mRNA expression of Caspase-3,BIM and BID was also up-regulated. CONCLUSION: 1,2-DCE induces apoptosis of HAs through mitochondrial pathway.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the non-neoplastic hepatic lesions in SD rats at different ages. METHODS: The specificpathogen free SD rats were collected from the blank control groups used in subacute toxicity tests,subchronic toxicity tests and chronic toxicity combined with carcinogenic tests for safety evaluation. At the end of each experiment,i. e. week 10,19,56 and 108(assigned into four groups: 10,19,56 and 108 weeks,each contained 100 rats with each sex),rats were executed. The liver organ coefficient was calculated,the pathological examination was performed,and the non-tumorous lesions in the liver were analyzed. RESULTS: The liver organ coefficients at the age of 19,56,108 weeks were lower than that of 10 weeks(P < 0. 05); those at the age of 56 and 108 weeks were lower than that of 19 weeks(P < 0. 05),and that of 108 weeks was greater than of 56 weeks(P < 0. 05). Among the 10-week-old,19-week-old,56-week-old and 108-week-old groups,the types of non-neoplastic hepatic lesions detected in the female rats were 6,6,13 and 15 respectively,meanwhile those in the male rats were 6,6,13 and 15 respectively. Both male and female rats,the incidences of hepatocyte fatty degeneration,edema and hepatic infiltration of inflammatory cells were significantly increased with the increase of age in each group(P < 0. 05). The incidences of intrahepatic bile duct proliferation and intrahepatic bile duct fibrosis in rats at the age of 56 and 108 weeks were higher than those at the age of 10 and 19 weeks(P < 0. 008).Moreover,the frequency of hepatic sinus expansion lesions in rats at the age of 108 weeks was higher than those of 19 weeks(P < 0. 008). CONCLUSION: Spontaneous non-neoplastic lesions in the liver of SD rats were common,primarily demonstrated as hepatocyte fatty degeneration,edema and infiltration of inflammatory cells. The incidences of lesions increased with the increase of age.