Objective: To analyze the associations of physical activity with overweight/obesity, depressive symptoms, and their co-occurrence among junior and senior high school students, so as to provide reference for optimizing physical activity intervention strategies and promoting healthy lifestyles. Methods: From March to November 2023, a cross sectional survey was conducted among 90 457 junior and senior high school students aged 11-18 years in Zhejiang Province using a stratified cluster random sampling method. Data on physical activity and dietary behavior were collected through questionnaires, height and weight were measured. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). The Chi-square test was used to examine differences, and Logistic regression was applied to evaluate the associations of physical activity characteristics with overweight/obesity, depressive symptoms, and their co-occurrence. Additionally, the effectiveness of physical activity performed on rest days versus work days was examined. Results: The prevalence of overweight/obesity, depressive symptoms, and their co-occurrence among junior and senior high school students were 25.1%, 27.9%, and 6.7%, respectively, with significant sex differences ( χ 2=2 005.3, 587.7, 99.6, all P <0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed that students with insufficient physical activity had a higher risk of overweight/obesity compared with those with sufficient physical activity ( OR=1.12, 95%CI=1.06-1.17, P <0.01). Comparing to students who exercised 0-1 day per week, those who exercised 5-7 days per week were associated with a reduced risk of overweight/obesity and depressive symptoms ( OR=0.93, 95%CI =0.90-0.97; OR=0.95, 95%CI =0.91-0.99, both P <0.05). When total activity volume and frequency were held constant, students with sufficient rest day physical activity had lower risks of overweight/obesity, depressive symptoms, and their co-occurrence than those with insufficient rest day activity (all P < 0.01). Conclusions Sufficient amount of physical activity and higher frequency of rest day physical activity are significantly associated with lower risks of overweight/obesity, depressive symptoms, and their co-occurrence in adolescents. Physical activity performed on rest days may confer greater health benefits than activity performed on work days.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the mechanism of Bushen huoxue formula in improving pregnancy outcomes in mice with antiphospholipid antibody-related recurrent spontaneous abortion （aPL-RSA）. METHODS SPF female BALB/c mice were randomly divided into normal control group， adjuvant control group， model group， and Bushen huoxue formula group. The aPL-RSA mouse model was established by immunization with β 2 glycoproteinⅠcombined with Freund’s adjuvant. From gestational day 0， the Bushen huoxue formula group was administered 1.653 6 g/（kg·d） of the prescription by gavage， while the other three groups received an equal volume of normal saline， twice daily for 15 consecutive days. The uterine appearance of pregnant mice was observed； individual embryo weight was recorded， and the embryo resorption rate was calculated. The proportion of activated CD41 + CD62p + platelets in platelet-rich plasma （PRP） was detected. Serum levels of thromboxane B2 （TXB2） and platelet factor 4 （PF4） were measured. Morphological changes of placental tissue were observed. The cell apoptosis rate of placental tissue was detected. The levels of malondialdehyde （MDA） content， tot al superoxide dismutase （T-SOD） activity， the interleukin-1β （IL-1β） and IL-18， the protein expressions of matrix metalloproteinase-3 （MMP-3）， MMP-9， nuclear proliferation antigen-67 （Ki67）， superoxide dismutase 2 （SOD2）， Nod-like receptor protein 3 （NLRP3）， apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD （ASC）， and caspase-1， as well as the mRNA expressions of superoxide dismutase 2（SOD2）， NLRP3， ASC and caspase-1 of placental tissue were detected. RESULTS Compared with the normal control group and adjuvant control group， the model group showed significant decreases in individual embryo weight， T-SOD activity of placental tissue， and relative expression levels of SOD2 mRNA and protein （ P ＜0.05）； while significant increases were observed in embryo resorption rate， proportion of activated CD41 + CD62p + platelets in PRP， serum levels of TXB2 and PF4， placental cell apoptosis rate， MDA content in placental tissue， relative protein expressions of MMP-3， MMP-9 and Ki67， relative protein and mRNA expression levels of NLRP3， ASC and caspase-1 as well as IL-1β and IL-18 levels （ P ＜0.05）. The model group also exhibited irregular uterine morphology with localized atrophy in some uterine horns； placental tissue showed fragmentation of decidual cells， extensive vacuolization and necrosis of trophoblast cells in the labyrinthine zone， accompanied by vascular reduction. After intervention with Bushen huoxue formula， the above indicators were significantly reversed （ P ＜0.05）， and uterine morphology and pathological damage were markedly improved. CONCLUSIONS Bushen huoxue formula can effectively improve pregnancy outcomes in aPL-RSA model mice， and its mechanism may be closely related to inhibiting platelet activation， reducing oxidative stress injury， enhancing trophoblast cell function， and suppressing the inflammatory response mediated by the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway.

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to evaluate the differences in shear bond strength, marginal adaptation, and nano-microleakage after aging among snowplow, layered filling, and lining techniques applied to the resin-bonded restoration of defective primary teeth. METHODS: In this study, 51 freshly extracted, crown-intact primary anterior teeth and 30 primary molars were collected. The experimental groups were as follows: layered filling group, lining group, and snowplow group. Experiments were performed to compare the differences in shear bond strength, marginal integrity, and silver ion nano-microleakage after aging among these groups. RESULTS: The median shear bond strength of the layered filling group, lining group, and snowplow group were 2.45, 5.72, and 9.43 MPa, respectively. The values for lining group and snowplow group were significantly higher than that for layered filling group (P<0.05). No statistically significant difference was found between lining group and snowplow group (P>0.05). The median overall margin integrity of the layered filling group, lining group, and snowplow group were 55.38%, 48.25%, and 65.63%, respectively. The difference among the three groups was not statistically significant (P>0.05). The median percentages of silver ion nano-microleakage in the layered filling group, lining group, and snowplow group were 11.71%, 9.47%, and 11.55%, respectively. The difference among the three groups was not statistically significant (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Applying the snowplow technique to restore defective primary teeth can improve the bond strength and margin integrity and reduce nano-microleakage.
Tooth, Deciduous ; Humans ; Dental Restoration, Permanent/methods* ; Dental Leakage ; Shear Strength ; Dental Bonding/methods* ; Molar ; Composite Resins ; Silver

Selection markers are essential tools in gene editing, the utility of such systems is inherently constrained by species-specific limitations, governed by divergent host genetic backgrounds and metabolic compatibility. To address this limitation, we leveraged the CRISPR/Cas9 system to develop a universal counter-selection tool. We designed and introduced an sgRNA expression cassettes as counter-selection markers, which directs the Cas9 protein to target and cleave genomic DNA, allowing for the selection of the strains where the sgRNA expression cassette has been replaced. Optimized to target multiple copy sites with sgRNA, this system significantly enhances cell lethality, boosting counter-selection efficiency to over 85.00%. This counter-selection tool is not limited to single strains and is suitable for various scenarios, including multi-copy plasmid assembly and plasmid editing, demonstrating broad application potential.
CRISPR-Cas Systems/genetics* ; Gene Editing/methods* ; RNA, Guide, CRISPR-Cas Systems/genetics* ; Plasmids/genetics*

L-phosphinothricin (L-PPT) is an efficient broad-spectrum herbicide. To realize the multi-enzyme catalytic preparation of L-PPT, we constructed an engineered strain Escherichia coli YM-1 for efficient expression of D-amino acid transaminase, which could catalyze the generation of the intermediate 2-oxo-4-[(hydroxymethylphosphonyl)] butyric acid (PPO) from D-phosphinothricin (D-PPT). In addition, E. coli pLS was constructed to co-express glutamate dehydrogenase and glucose dehydrogenase, which not only catalyzed the generation of L-PPT from PPO but also regenerated the coenzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH). A fed-batch fermentation process was then established for E. coli YM-1 and pLS, and the apparent activities of D-amino acid transaminase and glutamate dehydrogenase were increased by 22.68% and 100.82%, respectively, compared with those in shake flasks. The process parameters were optimized for the catalytic preparation of L-PPT by whole-cell cascade of E. coli YM-1 and pLS with D, L-PPT as the substrate. After reaction for 8 h, 91.36% conversion of D-PPT was achieved, and the enantiomeric excess of L-PPT reached 90.22%. The findings underpin the industrial production of L-PPT.
Escherichia coli/enzymology* ; Aminobutyrates/metabolism* ; Glutamate Dehydrogenase/biosynthesis* ; Glucose 1-Dehydrogenase/biosynthesis* ; Herbicides/metabolism* ; Multienzyme Complexes/metabolism* ; Transaminases/metabolism* ; Phosphinic Acids/metabolism*

Objective Auditory brainstem response(ABR)is an objective electrophysiological test that evalu-ates a patient's hearing,and the ABR is interpreted primarily by recognizing the latency of waves Ⅰ through Ⅴ.The latency of wave Ⅰ to wave Ⅴ has important reference value for clinicians to judge the status of patients' auditory neu-ral pathways,so accurate interpretation of the results of this examination is particularly important.However,the a-nalysis of the result of the ABR entirely depends on the auditory teacher's ability to recognize and interpret the hu-man eye,which makes it difficult for inexperienced auditory teachers to interpret ABR waveforms.In order to solve this problem,many scholars proposed to use machine learning(ML)model to objectively interpret ABR results.ML has strong learning ability and can independently complete an objective and accurate interpretation of ABR re-sults,which brings the dawn for the objective and accurate interpretation of ABR results.

Objective:To analyze the changing trends and international differences in the incidence and disability-adjusted life years (DALY) of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (HDP) in China from 1990 to 2021 based on the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database.Methods:The data were derived from the GBD database, covering the incidence and DALY data of HDP in countries or regions around the world. Descriptive statistics were used to compare the differences in disease burden between China and different regions of Europe, America and other developed countries, and to analyze the disease burden characteristics of women of childbearing age in different age groups (every 5 years). The Joinpoint regression model was used to identify trend change points. The age-period-cohort model was used to analyze the independent effects of age, period and birth cohort.Results:(1) From 1990 to 2021, the incidence of HDP in China showed an overall downward trend, from 387.18/100 000 in 1990 to 216.35/100 000 in 2021. Compared with the global incidence rate (1990: 1 167.28/100 000; 2021: 923.48/100 000), the incidence rate of HDP in China was relatively low, but it was still higher than that in some developed countries. (2) The analysis of the Joinpoint regression model showed that the incidence rate of HDP in different age groups first decreased, then increased, and finally leveled off. The connection point with the lowest point was in 2005. DALY showed a continuous downward trend in all age groups. Among them, the decline in maternal DALY of pregnant women in all age groups from 15 to 39 years old was more obvious. (3) The age-period-cohort effect model showed that the incidence rate and DALY of HDP in women of childbearing age aged 20 to 24 years reached their peak.Conclusions:The burden of HDP in China continues to decrease, and the disease prevention and control has achieved remarkable results, but the incidence rate is still higher than that in some developed countries. It is suggested that personalized interventions should be developed for different risk groups to further reduce the burden of disease.

Objective:To evaluate the left atrial structure and function in patients with non-obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy（NOHCM）and atrial fibrillation（AF）using four-dimensional automatic left atrial quantification（4D Auto LAQ）technology，and to explore the correlation between left atrial remodeling and AF.Methods:Ninety patients with NOHCM treated in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from May 2023 to September 2024 were prospectively selected and divided into AF group（ n=27）and non-AF group（ n=63）according to whether they had AF. Clinical data of all enrolled patients were collected，and two-dimensional，color Doppler，and tissue Doppler ultrasound parameters were measured. 4D Auto LAQ technology was used to obtain left atrial volume and strain parameters. Inter-group comparison，univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis，and repeatability test were used to analyze the data. Results:Compared with non-AF group，left atrial maximum volume index（LAVImax），left atrial minimum volume index（LAVImin）and left atrial pre-systolic volume index（LAVIpreA）were increased in the AF group，but left atrial total ejection fraction（LAEF），left atrial passive ejection fraction（LApEF），left atrial active ejection fraction（LAaEF）and the absolute values of left atrial reservoir longitudinal and circumferential strains（LASr，LASr-c），left atrial conduit longitudinal and circumferential strains（LAScd，LAScd-c）and left atrial contraction longitudinal and circumferential strains（LASct，LASct-c）were decreased（all P<0.05）. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that LAVImin was independently associated with AF（ OR=0.837， P<0.001）. Conclusions:4D Auto LAQ can quantitatively evaluate the left atrial structure and function in patients with NOHCM and AF，and LAVImin is independently associated with the presence of AF.

Objective:To compare the efficacy of saline irrigation following mesh basket lithotripsy and mesh basket combined with balloon lithotripsy for choledocholithiasis.Methods:Data of 76 patients who received endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) for choledocholithiasis in Henan Provincial People's Hospital from May 2021 to May 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, 30 patients underwent saline irrigation of the biliary tract after mesh basket lithotripsy (the saline group), while 46 patients underwent mesh basket combined with balloon lithotripsy (the balloon group). The procedure success rate, operation time, procedure cost, and incidence of postoperative complications were compared.Results:The stone extraction success rates were 100.0% in both groups. The operation time in the saline group was shorter than that in the balloon group [20.0 (16.0, 27.5) min VS 29.0 (22.0, 33.3) min, Z=-2.88 , P=0.004]. The procedure cost in the saline group was lower than that in the balloon group [13 466.5 (13 318.0, 13 784.0) yuan VS 16 209.0 (15 989.0, 16 327.8) yuan, Z=-6.37 , P<0.001]. There was no significant difference in the incidence of postoperative fever, cholangitis or pancreatitis between the two groups ( P>0.05). Conclusion:Compared with mesh basket combined with balloon lithotripsy, saline irrigation of the biliary tract after mesh basket lithotripsy can shorten the operation time, reduce the procedure cost, and maintain a high procedure success rate for treating choledocholithiasis.

Objective Through visual analysis of literatures related to the treatment of chronic glomerulonephritis(CGN),the research hotspots and trends in this field were discussed.Methods Relevant literatures from CNKI,Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform,VIP,SinoMed,PubMed from 2010 to 2024 were retrieved,and analyzed using CiteSpace 6.2.R4 software.Results A total of 8887 articles in Chinese and 117 articles in English were included.The countries,institutions and authors who published most were China,the Affiliated Hospital for Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Wang Yiping.The research hotspots mainly focued on therapeutic drugs and clinical efficacy,and the research trend tended to be the treatment mechanism.Conclusion To further strengthen collaboration among different countries,institutions and authors,and to delve deeper into the mechanistic studies of CGN,will effectively promote the research progress in this field.