Objective: To analyze the associations of physical activity with overweight/obesity, depressive symptoms, and their co-occurrence among junior and senior high school students, so as to provide reference for optimizing physical activity intervention strategies and promoting healthy lifestyles. Methods: From March to November 2023, a cross sectional survey was conducted among 90 457 junior and senior high school students aged 11-18 years in Zhejiang Province using a stratified cluster random sampling method. Data on physical activity and dietary behavior were collected through questionnaires, height and weight were measured. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). The Chi-square test was used to examine differences, and Logistic regression was applied to evaluate the associations of physical activity characteristics with overweight/obesity, depressive symptoms, and their co-occurrence. Additionally, the effectiveness of physical activity performed on rest days versus work days was examined. Results: The prevalence of overweight/obesity, depressive symptoms, and their co-occurrence among junior and senior high school students were 25.1%, 27.9%, and 6.7%, respectively, with significant sex differences ( χ 2=2 005.3, 587.7, 99.6, all P <0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed that students with insufficient physical activity had a higher risk of overweight/obesity compared with those with sufficient physical activity ( OR=1.12, 95%CI=1.06-1.17, P <0.01). Comparing to students who exercised 0-1 day per week, those who exercised 5-7 days per week were associated with a reduced risk of overweight/obesity and depressive symptoms ( OR=0.93, 95%CI =0.90-0.97; OR=0.95, 95%CI =0.91-0.99, both P <0.05). When total activity volume and frequency were held constant, students with sufficient rest day physical activity had lower risks of overweight/obesity, depressive symptoms, and their co-occurrence than those with insufficient rest day activity (all P < 0.01). Conclusions Sufficient amount of physical activity and higher frequency of rest day physical activity are significantly associated with lower risks of overweight/obesity, depressive symptoms, and their co-occurrence in adolescents. Physical activity performed on rest days may confer greater health benefits than activity performed on work days.

Objective: To investigate the status of condom use and its influencing factors among men who have sex with men (MSM), so as to provide a basis for improving condom utilization rates and AIDS prevention and control in this population. Methods: From May to October 2024, a snowball sampling method was employed to recruit MSM in Songjiang District, Shanghai Municipality. Self-administered questionnaires were used to collect data on demographic characteristics, AIDS-related knowledge, sexual behaviors, pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP), and condom use in the past six months. Multivariable logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors for consistent condom use. Results: A total of 921 MSM were surveyed, with a median age of 29.00 (interquartile range, 9.00) years. Among them, 697 (75.68%) were aware of AIDS-related knowledge, 826 (89.69%) expressed willingness to use PrEP, and 835 (90.66%) were willing to use PEP. Additionally, 787 (85.45%) MSM reported their age at first homosexual intercourse as ≥18 years, while 519 (56.35%) reported consistent condom use in the past six months. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that MSM who were aware of AIDS-related knowledge (OR=0.582, 95% CI: 0.423-0.801), willing to use PrEP (OR =0.611, 95% CI: 0.385-0.969), and whose age at first homosexual intercourse was <18 years (OR=0.480, 95% CI: 0.330-0.700) were less likely to consistent use condoms. Conclusion The proportion of consistent condom use among the MSM remains relatively low, which is primarily associated with AIDS-related knowledge, willingness to use PrEP, and the age at first homosexual intercourse.

ObjectiveBased on the Huangdi Neijing，a traditional Chinese medicine（TCM）identification scale of five human qualities was constructed and applied in elderly people to evaluate its reliability and validity. MethodsBased on the original text of the Huangdi Neijing and a review of relevant ancient and modern literature， an identification scale of five human qualities was developed through Delphi expert interviews. Offline surveys were conducted to evaluate the feasibility，reliability，and validity of its application in elderly people，and the scale was evaluated and revised. ResultsThe scale of five human qualities is divided into five subscales：wood，fire，earth，metal，and water. Each subscale is divided into four dimensions：morphological structure，psychological characteristics，tolerance，and physiological characteristics，with a total of 75 items. The survey results in elderly people show that：（1） The recovery rate and completion rate are 100%，and the average filling time is 23.3 min. 85.5% of the samples are completed within the preset time. （2） Reliability analysis results：The homogeneity reliability of each subscale，Chronbach's α，ranges from 0.702 to 0.793. The scores of each subscale in the split-half reliability range from 0.758 to 0.841， indicating that the internal consistency of the scale is good. （3） Validity analysis results. Content validity：During the development stage of the scale，the item pool，dimensions，and structure of the scale are designed reasonably， and the content is complete. The evaluation of content validity shows that the item-level content validity index （I-CVI） ranges from 0.83 to 1.00， and the scale-level content validity index for universal agreement （S-CVI/UA） is 0.92，indicating good content validity of the scale. Construct validity extracts 22 common factors based on an eigenvalue of 1，with a contribution rate of 62.333% to the overall system. The number of common factors in the five subscales is 4，5，4，5，and 4，respectively，with contribution rates of 52.64%，53.376%，51.445%，51.359%，and 50.714%，respectively，indicating the required structure for physical fitness measurement in elderly people. ConclusionThe scale constructed in this study has high reliability and validity，and it is suitable for evaluating the physical condition of elderly people in TCM.

Objective To investigate the values of systemic inflammatory response index(SIRI),systemic immunoinflammatory index(SII),neutrophil count/lymphocyte count(NLR),platelet count/lymphocyte count(PLR)and lymphocyte count/monocyte count(LMR)in prediction of the severity of acute pancreatitis(AP)at early stage.Methods The clinical data on 666 AP patients admitted to the department of hepatobiliary surgery,the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Science and Technology,from January 2020 to November 2023 were retrospectively analyzed.The patients were divided into a mild group(MAP group,mild acute pancreatitis)and a non-mild group(non-MAP group,including moderate to severe acute pancreatitis).Blood routine and biochemical indicators were collected at admission and 24 hours after admission.The differences in SIRI,SII,NLR,PLR and LMR between the two groups were compared,so were the values of these five indexes in prediction of non-MAP.Results Of the 666 AP patients,507 were in the MAP group and 159 in the non-MAP group.In the non-MAP group,C-reactive protein(CRP),SIRI,SII,and NLR were higher than those in the MAP group 24 hours after admission,while LMR was lower than that in the MAP group,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).CRP(HR=1.008,95%CI:1.004～1.012,P<0.05)and SIRI(HR=1.216,95%CI:1.029～1.436,P<0.05)were identified as the risk factors for the severity of AP.The ROC curve showed that the AUC and sensitivity of SIRI for predicting non-MAP 24 hours after admission were 0.718 and 75.00%,respectively,higher than those of SII,CRP,NLR,and LMR.Both SIRI and CRP had AUC values greater than 0.7,and the combined AUC was 0.788(0.738～0.837),the sensitivity was 86.00%and the specificity was 81.44%.Conclusions SIRI can be used as a predictor of disease severity in early AP patients,and combined with CRP can improve the predictive value.

Malignant tumors have become the main cause of human death.With the prolonged use of chemotherapeutic drugs during the treatment process,tumor cell resistance is also constantly increasing.long non-coding RNA(lncRNA)is an important mem-ber of the non-coding RNA family.Cancer susceptibility candidate 2(CASC2)is a type of long non-coding RNA,high expression of CASC2 can inhibit tumor cell development and reduce drug resistance of tumor cells by promoting apoptosis,regulating signaling path-ways,participating in cellular transmission pathways,competitively binding of miRNA,and changing the protein structure or functional status.This article will provide a comprehensive review of the regulatory effects and mechanism of lncRNA CASC2 on chemotherapy resistance in malignant tumors.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of endoscopic resection using snares for the treatment of gastric submucosal tumors(SMTs).Methods 66 patients diagnosed with gastric SMTs and treated with endoscopic resection from August 2017 to August 2023 were retrospectively analyzed and divided into the snare group(endoscopic resection using snares,n=33)and the traditional resection group(endoscopic resection using a traditional disposable incision knife,n=33).The operation time,overall resection rate,incidence of adverse reactions,operation cost,hospitalisation cost,and the post-operative hospital days were compared between the two groups.Results The lesion diameter was 8.00(6.00,14.00)mm in the snare group and 8.00(7.50,10.00)mm in the traditional resection group,the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant(P>0.05);The operative time in the snare group was significantly shorter than that in the traditional resection group[26.00(19.00,30.50)min vs 33.00(22.50,49.50)min],the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05);The overall resection rate in both groups was 100.0%;Neither group of patients had intraoperative perforation.There were no statistically significant differences in the incidence of adverse reactions such as intraoperative bleeding,abdominal pain and fever between the two group(P>0.05);The operative cost of the snare group was significantly lower than the traditional endoscopic resection group[(8 642.18±1 078.56)yuan vs(13 266.45±2 160.80)yuan],the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion Compared with traditional surgical instruments,endoscopic resection of gastric SMTs using snares has a shorter operating time,lower surgical costs,safe and effective,making it worthy of promotion.

The specific binding of T cell receptors (TCRs) to antigenic peptides plays a key role in the regulation and mediation of the immune process and provides an essential basis for the development of tumour vaccines. In recent years, studies have mainly focused on TCR prediction of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I antigens, but TCR prediction of MHC class II antigens has not been sufficiently investigated and there is still much room for improvement. In this study, the combination of MHC class II antigen peptide and TCR prediction was investigated using the ProtT5 grand model to explore its feature extraction capability. In addition, the model was fine-tuned to retain the underlying features of the model, and a feed-forward neural network structure was constructed for fusion to achieve the prediction model. The experimental results showed that the method proposed in this study performed better than the traditional methods, with a prediction accuracy of 0.96 and an AUC of 0.93, which verifies the effectiveness of the model proposed in this paper.
Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology* ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/metabolism* ; Humans ; Neural Networks, Computer ; Peptides/metabolism* ; Protein Binding

Objective To explore the predictive value of the model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score, energy metabolism and serum thyroid hormone levels on the severity and prognosis of patients with liver failure and their correlation. Methods This study collected clinicopathological data from 60 liver failure patients, e.g., end-stage liver disease (MELD) score, energy metabolism, and serum thyroid hormone levels. The χ 2 test was performed to analyze the categorical variables, while the Mann-Whitney U test and independent sample t test were performed to assess the continuous variables between the two groups. Spearman correlation coefficient test was used to evaluate correlation of each index. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the optimal cut-off points of serum total triiodothyronine (TT3) and free triiodothyronine (FT3) levels in predicting prognosis of the patients. Results The rates of low TT3 and FT3 levels in liver failure patients were 78.2% and 69.1%, respectively, whereas the low TT3 rates were 95.2% and 67.6% and the low FT3 rates were 90.5% and 55.9% in survival and non-survival groups of patients, respectively (both P < 0.05). Moreover, the MELD score was significantly higher in the non-survival patients than in survival patients [26.0(21.0-29.0) vs 21.0 (19.0-24.0), Z =-3.396, P =0.001], while TT3 and FT3 levels were significantly lower in the non-survival patients than in the survival patients [0.69(0.62-0.73) vs 0.83(0.69-0.94) and 2.17(1.99-2.31) vs 2.54(2.12-2.86), respectively; Z =-2.884、-2.876, all P < 0.01]. The MELD score was negatively associated with serum TT3, FT3, and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels and the respiratory quotient (RQ) ( r =-0.487、-0.329、-0.422、-0.350, all P < 0.01), whereas the RQ was associated with serum TT3 and FT3 levels ( r =0.271、0.265, all P < 0.05). The optimal cutoff values in predicting the severity and survival of patients was 0.75 nmol/L and 2.37pmol/L with the sensitivity values of 67.6% and 64.7% and the specificity of 90.5% and 81.0%, respectively. Conclusion Abnormal thyroid hormone levels and low respiratory quotient could be used to predict the severity and prognosis of patients with liver failure.

Objective·To explore the immune-related characteristics of non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC),discover potential tumor markers in V-J genes,and lay the foundation for establishing a TCR-antigen recognition prediction model.Methods·A total of 704 NSCLC samples were collected to establish a comprehensive T-cell receptor(TCR)repertoire analysis workflow.The upstream analysis included steps such as raw data processing,quality control,filtering,TCR sequence identification,and extraction.The downstream analysis included repertoire clone distribution,clone typing,V-J gene sharing,CDR3 distribution characteristics,and clone tracking.The sample clone distribution was analyzed by using indices such as Shannon-Weiner index and Chaol index.Clone typing was performed based on the number of clone amplifications to explore differences among different types.The degree of V-J gene segment sharing was analyzed,and the sharing of low-frequency clone types was determined through clone amplification weight analysis of V-J genes by using two samples of papillary thyroid carcinoma.Finally,analysis of the distribution characteristics of V genes and high-frequency clone type CDR3,and clone tracking analysis were conducted to monitor changes in tumor immune clone frequencies before and after analysis,aiming to identify potential tumor markers.Results·① Significant differences were observed in clone distribution and clone typing among different NSCLC tissues,as well as among different ages and genders.② Specific highly-shared V-J genes were identified in the analysis of V-J gene sharing,and non-normal distribution of high-clone V genes and amino acid high-frequency clone types were found in the CDR3 distribution analysis.③ In the analysis of high-frequency clone type clone tracking,highly expressed or newly expressed high-frequency clone types were observed in NSCLC,suggesting that these clone types could serve as potential tumor-associated antigens or bind with CDR3 reference sequences of new antigens.④ It was found that the expression frequency of TRBJ2-5 gene,originally low-expressed,significantly increased,indicating its potential role as a key low-frequency gene in tumor immune response.Conclusion·The TRAV21 and TRBV6.5 genes show high clone amplification in NSCLC and could serve as potential tumor biomarkers.

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), as the most common type (>90%) of head and neck cancer, includes various epithelial malignancies that arise in the nasal cavity, oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx. In 2020, approximately 878 ‍ 000 new cases and 444 000 deaths linked to HNSCC occurred worldwide (Sung et al., 2021). Due to the associated frequent recurrence and metastasis, HNSCC patients have poor prognosis with a five-year survival rate of 40%-50% (Jou and Hess, 2017). Therefore, novel prognostic biomarkers need to be developed to identify high-risk HNSCC patients and improve their disease outcomes.
Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics* ; Head and Neck Neoplasms/genetics* ; Humans ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; RNA ; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck ; Survival Analysis ; Survival Rate